化工常用英語詞匯

1、化工專業(yè)英語詞匯化學(xué)專業(yè)課程中英文對(duì)照、化工裝置常用詞匯一概論introduction方案 （建議書 ）proposal可行性研究feasibility study方案設(shè)計(jì)concept design工藝設(shè)計(jì)process design基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)basic design詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)detail design開工會(huì)議kick-off meeting審核會(huì)議review meeting外商投資foreign investment中外合資joint venture中外合營(yíng)joint venture補(bǔ)償貿(mào)易compensation trade合同 合同附件 contract賣方vendor買方buyer顧客

2、client承包商contractor工程公司company供應(yīng)范圍scope of supply生產(chǎn)范圍production scope生產(chǎn)能力production capacity項(xiàng)目project界區(qū)battery limit裝置plant公用工程utilities工藝流程圖process flow diagram工藝流程方塊圖process block diagram管道及儀表流程圖piping and instrument drawing物料及熱量平衡圖mass & heat balance diagram蒸汽及冷凝水平衡圖steam & condensate bal

3、ance diagram設(shè)備布置圖equipment layout設(shè)備表equipment list成品 （產(chǎn)品）product(final product)副產(chǎn)品by-product原料 raw-material設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù) basic data for design技術(shù)數(shù)據(jù)technical data數(shù)據(jù)表data sheet設(shè)計(jì)文件design document設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)定design regulation現(xiàn)場(chǎng)服務(wù)site service項(xiàng)目變更project change用戶變更c(diǎn)lient change消耗定額consumption quota技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓technical transfer

4、技術(shù)知識(shí)technical know-howtechnical knowledge技術(shù)保證technical guarantee咨詢服務(wù)consultative services技術(shù)服務(wù)technical services工作地點(diǎn)location施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)construction field報(bào)價(jià)quotation標(biāo)書bidding book公司利潤(rùn)company profit固定價(jià)合同fixed price contract固定單價(jià)合同fixed unit price contract成本加酬金合同cost plus award fee contract定金 mobilization所得稅 in

5、come taxes特別承包人稅special contractor's taxes城市和市政稅city and municipal taxes工作手冊(cè)work manual工作流程圖work flow diagram質(zhì)量保證程序QA/QC procedures采購(gòu)計(jì)劃procurement plan施工計(jì)劃construction plan施工進(jìn)度construction schedule項(xiàng)目實(shí)施計(jì)劃project execution plan項(xiàng)目協(xié)調(diào)程序project coordination procedure項(xiàng)目總進(jìn)度計(jì)劃project master schedule設(shè)計(jì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)

6、劃engineering network logic項(xiàng)目質(zhì)量保證project quality assurance項(xiàng)目質(zhì)量控制project quality control采購(gòu) procurement采購(gòu)周期procurement period會(huì)簽 the squad check計(jì)算書 calculation sheets詢價(jià) inquiry檢驗(yàn) inspection保留金retention運(yùn)輸transportation開車start up / commission驗(yàn)收inspection & acceptance校核check審核review審定approve版次version部門

7、department專業(yè)specialty項(xiàng)目號(hào)project number圖號(hào)drawing number目錄contents序言foreword章chapter節(jié)section項(xiàng)itemMRmaterial requisitionSPECengineering specificationDATA SHEET （技術(shù)表）technical data sheetTBA（技術(shù)評(píng)標(biāo)）technical bid analysisPDPpreliminary design packageLDE（ 專業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人 ）lead discipline engineerMRQ（材料詢價(jià)單 ）Material re

8、quisition for quotationMRP（材料采購(gòu)單 ）material requisition for purchaseBEP（基礎(chǔ)工程設(shè)計(jì)包 ）basic engineering packageP&ID（ 管道及儀表流程圖)piping and instrument drawing(diagram)PFDprocess flow diagramNNFnormally no flowFOfailure openFCfailure closeC/S/Acivil/structure/architectureDDP(詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)階段）detail design phase、工藝流

9、程連續(xù)過程continuous process間歇過程batch process工藝敘述process description工藝特點(diǎn)process feature操作operation反應(yīng)reaction副反應(yīng)side reaction絮凝flocculation浮洗flotation傾析decantation催化反應(yīng)catalytical reaction萃取extraction中和neutralization水解hydrolysis過濾filtration干燥drying還原reduction氧化oxidation氫化hydrogenation分解decomposition離解disso

10、ciation合成synthetics吸收absorption吸附adsorption解吸desorption結(jié)晶crystallization溶解solution調(diào)節(jié)modulate控制control懸浮suspension循環(huán)circulation再生regeneration再活化reactivation瀝取leaching破碎crushing煅燒caloination沉降sedimentation沉淀precipitation氣化gasification冷凍refrigeration固化、結(jié)晶 solidification包裝package升華sublimation燃燒combustio

11、n引燒ignition蒸餾distillation碳化carbonization壓縮compression三、化學(xué)物質(zhì)及特性固體solid液體liquid氣體gas粉 powder片狀粉未flake小粒granule結(jié)晶crystal乳化物emulsion氧化物oxidizing agent還原劑reducing agent有機(jī)物organic material真空vacuum母液master liquor富液rich liquor貧液lean liquor萃出物extract萃余物raffinate絮凝劑flocculants冷凍鹽水brine酸度acidity濃度concentration

12、堿度alkalinity溶解度solubility凝固點(diǎn)solidificalion point沸點(diǎn)boiling point熔點(diǎn)melting point蒸發(fā)率evaporation rate粘度viscosity吸水的water absorbent(a)無水的anhydrous(a)外觀appearance無色的colorless(a)透明的transparent(a)半透明的translucent密度density比重specific gravity催化劑catalyst燃燒combustion引燃ignition自然點(diǎn)self-ignition temperature可燃?xì)怏wcombu

13、stible gas可燃液體inflammable liquid易燃液體volatile liquid爆炸混合物explosive mixture爆炸性環(huán)境explosive atmosphere(environment)爆炸極限explosive concentration limit廢水waste water廢液waste liquid廢氣off-gas噪聲noise pollution成分composition撓度deflection力和力矩force and moment彎矩bending moment應(yīng)力 -應(yīng)變曲線stress-strain diagram百分比percentage

14、環(huán)境溫度ambient temperature工作溫度operating設(shè)計(jì)溫度design temperature(pressure)相對(duì)濕度RH=relative humidity油渣、淤泥 sludge雜質(zhì)impurity四、化工設(shè)備泵 pump軸流泵axial flow pump真空泵vacuum pump屏蔽泵canned pump柱塞泵plunger pump渦輪泵turbine pump渦流泵vortex pump離心泵centrifugal pump噴射泵jet pump轉(zhuǎn)子泵rotary pump管道泵inline pump雙作用往復(fù)泵 double action recip

15、rocating pump計(jì)量泵metering pump深井泵deep well pump齒輪泵gear pump手搖泵hand(wobble) pump螺桿泵screw (spiral) pump潛水泵submersible pump斜轉(zhuǎn)子泵inclined rotor pump封閉式電磁泵hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump氣升泵air-lift-pump軸承bearing葉輪impeller虹吸管siphon高壓容器high pressure vessel焚化爐incinerator工業(yè)爐furnace燒嘴burner鍋爐boiler回轉(zhuǎn)窯ro

16、tary kiln加熱器heater電加熱器electric heater冷卻器cooler冷凝器condenser換熱器heat exchanger反應(yīng)器reactor蒸餾釜still攪拌器agitator混合器mixer靜態(tài)混合器static mixers管道混合器line mixers混合槽mixing tanks破碎機(jī)crusher磨碎機(jī)grinder研磨機(jī)pulverizer球磨機(jī)ballmill過濾器filter火焰清除器flame arrester分離器separator干燥器drier翅片fins煙囪stack火炬flare篩子screen煅燒窯calciner傾析器decan

17、ter蒸發(fā)器evaporator再沸器reboiler萃取器extractor離心機(jī)centrifuger吸附（收）器 adsorber結(jié)晶器crystallizer電解槽electrolyzer電除塵器electric precipitator洗滌器scrubber消石灰器slaker料倉(cāng)bin料斗hopper加料器feeder增稠器thickener澄清器clarifier分級(jí)器classifier浮洗器flocculator廢液池sump噴射器ejector噴頭 sprayer成套設(shè)備package unit儀器設(shè)備apparatus附屬設(shè)備accessory旋轉(zhuǎn)式壓縮機(jī)rotary c

18、ompressor往復(fù)式壓縮機(jī)reciprocating compressor水環(huán)式壓縮機(jī)nash compressor螺桿式壓縮機(jī)helical screw compressor離心式壓縮機(jī)centrifugal compressor多級(jí)壓縮機(jī)mutiple stages compressor固定床反應(yīng)器fixed bed reactor流化床反應(yīng)器fluidized bed reactor管式反應(yīng)器tubular reactor列管式換熱器tubular heat exchanger螺旋板式換熱器spiral plate heat exchanger萃取塔extraction column

19、填料塔packed column洗滌塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷卻塔cooling tower精餾塔fractionating tower汽提塔stripper再生塔regenerator造粒塔prill tower塔附件tower accessories液體分配（布）器 liquid distributor填料支持板support plate定距管spacer降液管downcomer升氣管chimney頂（底 ）層塔盤top （bottom） tray擋板baffle抽出口draw nozzle溢流堰weir泡罩bubble cap篩板sieve plate浮閥float va

20、lve除沫器demister pad塔裙座skirt橢圓封頭elliptical head高位槽head tank中間槽intermediate tank加料槽feed tank補(bǔ)給槽make-up tank計(jì)量槽measuring tank電解槽cell溜槽chute收集槽collecting tank液滴分離器 knockout drum稀釋罐thinning tank緩沖罐surge drum回流罐r(nóng)eflux drum閃蒸罐flash drum浮頂罐floating roof tank內(nèi)浮頂罐covered floating roof tank球罐spheroid氣柜gas holde

21、r濕式氣柜wet gas-holder干式氣柜dry gas-holder螺旋式氣柜helical gas-holder抽濾器mutche filter壓濾器filter press壓濾機(jī)pressure filter板框壓濾器plate-and-fram filter press轉(zhuǎn)鼓過濾器rotary drum filter帶式過濾器belt filter翻盤式過濾器袋濾器bag filter旋風(fēng)分離器cyclone separator盤式干燥箱compartment tray drier真空干燥器vacuum drier隧道式干燥器tunnel drier回轉(zhuǎn)干燥器rotary drier

22、穿流循環(huán)干燥器 through circulation drier噴霧干燥器spray drier氣流干燥器pneumatic conveyor drier圓盤式加料器dish feeder螺旋式加料器screw feeder顎式破碎機(jī)jaw crusher回轉(zhuǎn)破碎機(jī)gyratory crusher滾洞破碎機(jī)roll crusher星型放料器 ,旋轉(zhuǎn)閥rotary valve錘式破碎機(jī)hammer crusher沖擊破碎機(jī)rotor impact breaker氣流噴射粉碎機(jī) jet pulverizer棍磨機(jī)rod mill雷蒙機(jī)raymond mill錘磨機(jī)hammer mill輥磨機(jī)ro

23、ller mill振動(dòng)篩vibrating screen回轉(zhuǎn)篩rotary screen風(fēng)機(jī) fan羅茨鼓風(fēng)機(jī)root's blower起重機(jī)crane橋式起重機(jī)bridge crane電動(dòng)葫蘆motor hoist發(fā)電機(jī)generator電動(dòng)機(jī)motor汽輪機(jī)steam turbine五、管道工程 piping engineering1 閥門 valve閥桿 stem閥座valve seat (body seat)閥座環(huán)、密封圈 sealing ring 閥芯 （包括密封圈 ,桿等 ）trim閥盤disc閥體body閥蓋bonnet手輪hand wheel手柄hand level (

24、handle)壓蓋gland閘閥gate valve平行雙閘板double disc parallel seat楔形單閘板split wedge截止閥globe valve節(jié)流閥throttle valve針閥needle valve角閥 (角式截止閥 )angle valve偏心閥板蝶閥Y 型閥 (截止閥 )Y-valve(Y-body globe valve)球閥ball valve三通球閥3-way ball valve蝶閥butterfly valve對(duì)夾式 （薄片型 ）wafer typeoffset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve斜閥盤蝶閥cant

25、ed disc butterfly valve連桿式蝶閥link butterfly valve止回式蝶閥combined non-return butterfly valve柱塞閥piston type valve旋塞閥plug valve三通旋塞閥three-way plug valve四通旋塞閥four-way plug valve旋塞 cock襯套旋塞 sleeve cock隔膜閥 diaphragm valve橡膠襯里隔膜閥rubber lined diaphragm valve直通式隔膜閥straight way diaphragm valve夾緊式膠管閥pinch valve止回

26、閥 check valve升降式止回閥lift check valve旋啟式止回閥swing check valve落球式止回閥ball check valve彈簧球式止回閥spring ball check valve底閥 foot valve切斷式止回閥stop check valve活塞式止回閥piston check valve翻板止回閥flap check valve蝶式止回閥butterfly check valve安全泄氣閥safetySV安全泄放閥relief valveRV安全泄壓閥safety relief valve杠桿重錘式lever and weight type罐底

27、排污閥flush-bottom tank valve波紋管密封閥bellow sealed valve電磁閥solenoid (operated) valve電動(dòng)閥electrically(electric-motor)operated valve氣動(dòng)閥pneumatic operated valve自由浮球式疏水閥loose float trap低溫用閥cryogenic service valve蒸汽疏水閥steam trap機(jī)械式疏水閥mechanical trap浮桶式疏水閥open (top) bucket trap浮球式疏水閥float trap倒吊桶式疏水閥 inverted b

28、ucket trap壓力平衡式恒溫疏水閥balanced pressure thermostatic trap熱動(dòng)力式疏水閥thermodynamic trap脈沖式蒸汽疏水閥impulse steam trap放汽閥 （自動(dòng)放汽閥 ）(automatic) air vent valve恒溫式疏水閥thermostatic trap換向閥diverting (reversing) valve呼吸閥breather valve減壓閥pressure reducing valve控制閥control valve執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)actuator差壓調(diào)節(jié)閥differential pressure regul

29、ating valve切斷閥block (shut-off, stop) valve調(diào)節(jié)閥regulating valve快開閥quick opening valve快閉閥quick closing valve隔斷閥isolating valve三通閥three way valve夾套閥jacketed valve非旋轉(zhuǎn)式閥non-rotary valve2管子 ,管件,法蘭管子pipe（按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制造的配管用管 ）tube（不按標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)格制造的其它用管 ）鋼管steel pipe鑄鐵管cast iron pipe襯里管lined pipe復(fù)合管clad pipe碳鋼管carbon steelC.S

30、.pipe合金鋼管alloy steel pipe不銹鋼管stainless steelS.S.pipe奧氏體不銹鋼管austenitic stainless steel pipe鐵合金鋼管ferritic alloy steel pipe軋制鋼管wrought-steel pipe鍛鐵管wrought-iron pipe無縫鋼管seamlessSMLS steel pipe焊接鋼管welded steel pipe電阻焊鋼管electric-resistance-welded steel pipe電熔 (弧 )焊鋼板卷管electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-pl

31、ate pipe螺旋焊接鋼管spiral welded steel pipe鍍鋅鋼管galvanized steel pipe排污閥blowdown valve集液排放閥drip valve排液閥drain valve放空閥vent valve卸載閥unloading valve排出閥discharge valve吸入閥suction valve取樣閥sampling valve手動(dòng)閥hand operated(manually-operated) valve（水）龍頭bibb;bib;faucet旁路閥by-pass valve軟管閥hose valve混合閥mixing valve破真空閥

32、vacuum breaker沖洗閥flush valve根部閥root (primary, header) valve水煤氣鋼管water-gas steel pipe塑料管plastic pipe玻璃管glass tube橡膠管rubber tube壁厚wall thicknessWT壁厚系列號(hào) schedule numberSCH.NO.加厚的 ,加強(qiáng)的extra heavy (strong)雙倍加厚的 ,雙倍加強(qiáng)的double extra heavy (strong)彎頭 elbow異徑彎頭reducing elbow長(zhǎng)半徑彎頭long radius elbow短半徑彎頭short ra

33、dius elbow長(zhǎng)半徑 180 °彎頭 long radius return異徑三通reducing tee等徑三通straight tee帶支座三通base tee45°斜三通45° lateralY 型三通true"Y"四通 cross異徑管reducer同心異徑管concentric reducer偏心異徑管eccentric reducer管接頭coupling;full coupling活接頭union短管 nipple預(yù)制彎管fabricated pipe bendU 型彎管"U"bend法蘭端flanged

34、 end萬向接頭universal joint對(duì)焊的butt weldedBW螺紋的threadedTHD承插焊的socket weldedSW法蘭 flangeFLG整體管法蘭integral pipe flange三通tee鋼管法蘭steel pipe flange螺紋法蘭threaded flange滑套法蘭slip-on flange平焊法蘭slip-on-welding flange承插焊法蘭socket welding flange松套法蘭lap joint flangeLJF對(duì)焊法蘭weld neck flangeWNF法蘭蓋blind flange;blind異徑法蘭reduc

35、ing flange壓力級(jí)pressure rating(class)突面 raised faceRF凸面 male face凹面female face全平面 ;滿平面flat face;full faceFF3.管道特殊件piping speciality粗濾器strainer過濾器filter臨時(shí)過濾器temporary strainer(cone type)Y 型過濾器Y-type strainerT 型過濾器T-type strainer永久過濾器permanent filter視鏡sight glass阻火器flame arrester噴咀 ;噴頭spray nozzle噴射器eje

36、ctor取樣冷卻器sample cooler消音器silencer膨脹節(jié)expansion joint波紋膨脹節(jié)bellow補(bǔ)償器compensator軟管接頭hose connectionHC快速接頭quick coupling金屬軟管metal hose橡膠管rubber hose撓性管flexible tube特殊法蘭special flange漏斗funnel8 字盲板spectacle (figure 8) blind爆破板rupture disk洗眼器及淋浴器eye washer and shower4,其它材料碳素鋼 carbon steel C.S.鑄鐵cast ironC.I

37、.不銹鋼stainless steelS.S.鋁 aluminum銅,紫銅copper鈦 titanium抗拉強(qiáng)度tensile strength非金屬材料 non-metallic material塑料plastic陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelain enamel玻璃glass橡膠rubber墊片gasketGSKT平墊片flat gasket填料packing型鋼shaped steel角鋼angle steel槽鋼channel工字鋼I-beam寬緣工字鋼或 H 鋼 wide flanged beam扁鋼flat bar圓鋼round steel; rod網(wǎng)絡(luò)鋼板checkered

38、 plate材料表bill of materialBOM材料統(tǒng)計(jì)material take-offMTO散裝材料bulk materialstrap steel鋼帶綜合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summarysheetCPMSS匯總表summary sheet5.設(shè)備布置及管道設(shè)計(jì)中心線center line裝置邊界boundary limitBL區(qū)界 area limit設(shè)備布置equipment arrangement (layout);plot plan標(biāo)高 ,立面elevationEL支撐點(diǎn)point of supportPOS工廠北向pla

39、nt north方位 orientation危險(xiǎn)區(qū)hazardous area classification凈正吸入壓頭net positive suction head絕對(duì)標(biāo)高absolute elevation管道研究piping study坐標(biāo)coordinate管道布置平面 piping arrangement planPAP管道布置piping assembly; layout詳圖detail"X" 視圖view "X""A-A" 剖視section "A-A"軸測(cè)圖isometric drawing索引

40、圖key plan管道及儀表流程圖piping and instrument diagramP&ID管口表list of nozzles地上管道above ground piping地下管道under ground piping管線號(hào)line number總管header; manifold旁路by pass常開normally open常閉normally closed取樣接口sampling connection伴熱管tracing pipe蒸汽伴熱steam tracing熱水伴熱hot-water tracing電伴熱electrical tracing夾套管jacketed line全夾套管ful