(完整版)高中英語主謂一致講解及練習(xí)

1、高中英語主謂一致一）主謂一致的種類1語法形式上的一致主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：The number of the students present is 200.Jane and Mary look alike.2意義上一致1 ）主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The crowd were shouting.單數(shù)形式代表復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容的詞有：people, , cattle,等。2）主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：The news was so surprising.形復(fù)意單的單詞有 news和一些以ics

2、結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱，如 physics, politics, economics等。3就近原則即謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于最靠近它的詞語。如用連詞or, eitheror, neither not, not onlybu等連接的并列主語，如果一個(gè)是單數(shù)，一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語一致。如：Either your students or Mr. Wang knows this.（二）主謂一致的應(yīng)用1名詞作主語1） 某些集體名詞，如 family, team 等作主語時(shí)，如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個(gè)個(gè) 成員而言，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：His family is

3、a happy one.The whole family are watching TV .這類名詞有： audience, class, club, company, crew, enemy, crowd , government, group, party, public , team等。2） 某些集體名詞，如 people, police, cattle 等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The police are searching for the thief.3）單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：A sheep is over there.Som

4、e sheep are over there.4）當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時(shí)間、書名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則,把這 些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體,謂語用單數(shù)形式。如：Three years has passed since then.5） 不定代詞each, every, no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號連接成多主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：Each boy and each girl wants to go to the cinema.6）如果主語有 more than one很多 非?；騧any a許多構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形

5、式。如：More than one student has read the book.Many a girl has been there.但是, “more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +than one ”結(jié)構(gòu)之后,謂語動(dòng)詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：More members than one are against your plan.7） 一些有兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 例如： glasses, clothes, trousers, shoes, compasses, chopsticks, scissors等。但如果主語用 “ a kind of, a pair

6、 of , a eries of 等加名詞 "構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用 單數(shù)形式。如：A pair of shoes was on the desk.8）this kind of book =a book of this kind （這種書）,其謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；短語 this kind of men =men of this kind =these kind of men（ 口語）（這一類人），但this kind of men的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)， men of this kind和these kind of men的謂語動(dòng)詞 用復(fù)數(shù)， all kinds of 后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動(dòng)詞用

7、復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：This kind of men is dangerous.Men of this kind are dangerous.10）復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語時(shí)，按意義一致原則，作用單數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)，反之，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有： means （方法）,works （工廠）,species （種類）,Chinese, Japanese等。如：The （This） glass works was set up in 1980. （ 這家玻璃廠建于 1980 年。）The（ These） glass works are near the railway station. （這

8、些玻璃廠在火車站附近。 ）當(dāng)它們前面有a, such a , this, that修飾時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)；有all, such, these, those修飾時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，但means, no means,11） 如果名詞詞組中心詞是all，most, half, rest等詞語，所指的復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之，用單數(shù)。女口：All of my classmates like music.All of the water is gone.12）在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如：Between the two windows hangs a picture.2由連接

9、詞連接的名詞作主語1 ）用and或bothanc連接并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Plastics and rubber never rot.Walking and riding are good exercises.2）當(dāng)主語后面跟有 as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to 等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由引導(dǎo)詞前面的主語而定。如：The tea

10、cher as well as the students was reading in the library.3）以or, either or, neithernor, not onlyt等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。如：Tom or his brothers are waiting in the room.Either you or he is to go.3代詞作主語1 ）關(guān)系代詞 who, that, which 等在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：Those who want to go please put up

11、your hands.Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.2）疑問代詞 who, what, which 作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：Who lives next door ? It is Xiao Liu.Who live next door ? It is Zhang and Liu.What produce（s） heat ?3）ther, neither 單獨(dú)作主語時(shí)，謂語通常用單數(shù)。但后接of時(shí)，若of的賓語為不可數(shù)名詞，動(dòng)詞當(dāng)然用單數(shù)形式，若of的賓語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí)

12、，動(dòng)詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，在正式文體中，單數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞更常用。如：Do（es） any of you know his address ?None of them has（have）seen the film.4分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語1） “分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由 “a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名 詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞要與短語中 of 后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因?yàn)槎陶Z中后面的名詞是中心詞， 而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語，例如：Lot

13、s of damage was caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earth 's surface is covered with wate-fri.ftThhsroefethe workers here are women.和這種情況類似的還有“a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)"謂語用復(fù)數(shù)譯為大量，許多， the number of中心詞是number謂語用單數(shù)，譯為的數(shù)量A number of students have gone home.The number of pages in this book is two h

14、undred.注意：（large）quantities of不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：Quantities of food(nuts) were on the table.短語 in quantity, in large quantities 意為“大量”； in small quantities 意為 “少量”。2 ) a great deal of , a large amount of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)；large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：A large amount o

15、f(A great deal of)damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.3) 表示數(shù)量的one and a half后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是其短語作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，例如：One and a half bananas is left on the table.5名詞化的形容詞作主語如果主語由“the形容詞(或過去分詞)"結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時(shí)，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind,t

16、he young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dumb, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等；The blind study in special schools.The poor live in a undeveleped country6從句作主語1)由 what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式， 例如：What we need is more time.What we need are doct

17、ors.1. Three died in the terrible fire in Luoyang last winter.A. hundreds people B. hundred peopleC. hundreds peoples D. hundred peoples2. Either you or the president the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.A. is handing out B. are to hand outC. are handing out D. is to hand out3. I, who y

18、our close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.A. am B. is C. are D. be4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 in Beijing of China, which known to us all.A. is to hold; is B. is to be held; wasC. are to hold; is D. are to be held; is5. There a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary

19、 to sweep up.A. were; itB. are; themC. was; itD. is; them6. Three million tons of coal every year in the city.A. is exploited B. are exploitedC. had exploited D. have exploited7. Stories of the Long March popular with the young people now.A. is B. was C. are D. were8. Mathematics the language of sci

20、ence.A. areB. are going to beC. isD. is to be9. Both rice and wheat grown in our country.A. isB. areC. wasD. were10. either of your parents come to see you recently?A. HaveB. HadC. HasD. Is11. What the children in the mountain village need good books.A. isB. are C. have D. has12. The whole family TV

21、 attentively.A. are watchingB. is watchingC. is seeingD. are seeing13. Nothing but several glasses bought by my father the day before yesterday.A. wasB. wereC. have beenD. would be14. At the bus stop a soldier and two youngpeople on their way to the village.A. wereB. was C. is D. sits15. If law and

22、order , neither the citizen nor his family is safe.A. are not preservedB. is not preservedC. were preservedD. have not been preserved16. There little change in that middle school.A. haveB. hadC. have been D. has been17. What such a sunset is strange to us all.A. going to be B. / C. isD. that18. Seve

23、nty-five percent of the earth 's surface with water.A. is covered B. is coveringC. were covered D. are covered19. The following some other mental diseases.A. being B. areC. was D. were20. Not only you but also I A. are B. is21. “ The Kites ” _ A. have toldC. were told able to help him out. C. am

24、 D. were_ us a story of t'hsehiksitoery.B. tellsD. was told22. You and Itwin sisters.A. were B. are C. isD. am23. A teacher of English and class teacher us something about volunteer workers.A. are telling B. is telling C. are given D. were given24. Thousands of tons of rubbish over a large perio

25、d of time.A. rots awayB. rot awayC. has rotted away D. are rotted away25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers the newly-built stadium.A. is cleaning B. are cleaningC. were cleaningD. have cleaned26. Many a student something about Abraham Lincoln.A. have knownB. knowsC. is knownD. are known27. The def

26、ence works built long ago to keep the enemy away.A. were B. has beenC. had been D. was28. “ Have you all studied the passageUsing the Mind against Disease '？A. Nobody of us hasB. Nobody of us haveC. None of us hasD. None of us did29. A group of Italian soldiers quickly towards their position.A.

27、were advancingB. were advancedC. was advancingD. advancing30. Everyone, men and women, old and young sports and games.A. is enjoyB. were enjoyingC. enjoysD. enjoy1. 解析：選 B. hundred 一詞前面有具體數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)不加 -s2. 解析：選D當(dāng)eitheror連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上和后一個(gè)主語保持 致?！?be+不定式”表示按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。3. 解析：選 A. who 為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代

28、詞，其先行詞是 I , 所以謂語動(dòng)詞要用 am.4. 解析：選 D. 主語 the Olympic Games 意為：奧運(yùn)會(huì)，謂語動(dòng)詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式； 后半部分 為 which 引導(dǎo)的非限制情定語從句，其謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。5. 解析：選C. there be句型中be動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語，a lot of rubbish（不可數(shù)名詞），因此 后面謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。6. 解析：選 A. 主語為 coal, 是不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)題意，此處要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。7. 解析：選 A. 主語 Stories of the Long March 是書名，謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。8. 解析：選 C. 此處 mathematics 為學(xué)科名詞，作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。9. 解析：選 B. bothand- 連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，句子的謂語動(dòng)詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式。10. 解析：選C. either是主語部分的中心詞，助動(dòng)