初中英語閱讀理解和完形填空解題技巧與練習(xí)

1、初中英語閱讀理解的解題技巧閱讀理解也是中考英語題的必考題目之一, 此題型旨在考查學(xué)生閱讀,理解 的水平,幾年來,中考英語題中的閱讀理解材料新,題材豐富,考查學(xué)生綜合推 斷水平,根據(jù)語篇猜單詞意思的水平的力度加大,也考查學(xué)生關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)的水平.所以學(xué)生往往要么沒能正確理解語篇中某些句子的意思, 在細(xì)節(jié)題上丟分,要么 就是對(duì)語篇的整體把握不夠,在綜合題或者推斷題方面丟分.那么到底怎么做好 閱讀理解這一題型呢？我將從以下三個(gè)方面談?wù)撨@個(gè)問題：一、解題思路一先讀問題,弄清考查要點(diǎn),以便能帶著問題看文章,這樣會(huì)心中有數(shù),有 的放矢. 在讀題的時(shí)候劃出題目的關(guān)鍵詞.二快速瀏覽全文,掌握全貌,注意發(fā)現(xiàn)與問題有關(guān)

2、的信息,如果時(shí)間緊,至 少要掃視一下起首段和尾段.再把標(biāo)題和文章內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來想一想, 這樣全文大 意便清楚了.此時(shí),不要忙于做題.三細(xì)讀原文,捕捉相關(guān)信息詞,掌握短文細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容.這是解題的關(guān)鍵,應(yīng)特 別注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1 .抓住四個(gè)"W"和一個(gè)"H,就是邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標(biāo)記,把 What 事件, When 時(shí)間,Where 地點(diǎn),Why 原因,How 經(jīng)過劃出來.抓 住了四個(gè)“W和一個(gè)“H,就抓住了文章的全貌,一些直接性的問題便可解 決.2 .抓住連接詞及起關(guān)鍵作用的副詞、代詞、介詞、插入語等.由于這些詞具有 因果,讓步,遞進(jìn),轉(zhuǎn)折,指代,列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下

3、文的特殊功能. 這對(duì)考生分清文章層次,辨明各種關(guān)系,了解人物心理,推斷作者意圖,進(jìn)行邏 輯推理等手段來分析難點(diǎn),都具有舉足輕重的作用.3 .注意領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的寓意.4 .根據(jù)題意,初選答案.這一步須仔細(xì)審題,領(lǐng)會(huì)測試要求,確定解題方法.對(duì)那些明顯的,有把握的題可以斷然確定,不必把其余三個(gè)答案再作推敲而浪費(fèi) 時(shí)間：有些略難的題,應(yīng)再查閱短文不是重讀一遍,迅速找出依據(jù),予以排 除.常用的解題方法有如下幾種： 直接解題法.即從原文中直接找出答案. 歸納解題法.對(duì)于不能從原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中央和線 索的前題下進(jìn)行概括、歸納得出正確答案. 綜合推理法.讀者需統(tǒng)觀全文,認(rèn)真分析,綜合推理及至計(jì)算

4、,最后歸 納出正確答案.題干中有“suggest, conclude, conclusion, probably, reason, because, according to"等字眼時(shí),屬于推斷概括型,考查內(nèi)容著眼于全篇,考生應(yīng)具備一定的分析歸納,推理等邏輯思維水平. 捕捉關(guān)鍵詞.在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)該注意與問題相關(guān)的同義詞,近義詞,反義詞 或同位詞等信息詞來得出正確答案. 同意轉(zhuǎn)換法.即原文這么說,而在問題和所選項(xiàng)中那么用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn)換 一種說法,但仍表示同一含義. 排除法.根據(jù)語言,句法結(jié)構(gòu),信息詞和常識(shí),在沒有把握的選項(xiàng)中用 排除法得出正確答案.四、重讀原文,仔細(xì)斟酌核對(duì)答案.在解完最后

5、一道題后,如果時(shí)間允許,冉 將原文讀一遍；用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各思考題,研究其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系和邏輯關(guān)系, 目的在于對(duì)所做答案進(jìn)一步審查,推出未解答的題,以便減少失誤.閱讀理解題型及解題技巧從近幾年的中考閱讀理解情況看,短文體裁多樣,題材各異,文章涉及科學(xué) 知識(shí)、社會(huì)文化、政治歷史、人文環(huán)境和日常生活等方面,充分表達(dá)其時(shí)代性、 實(shí)用性.短文難度逐年加大.常見題型有主旨題、細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題、猜想詞義題 和正誤判斷題.做閱讀理解練習(xí)應(yīng)先看問題,弄清考點(diǎn).在閱讀短文之前,快速瀏覽問題,以便 在閱讀短文時(shí)做到心中有數(shù),快速、準(zhǔn)確地捕捉所要信息.先易后難.做題時(shí)不 必拘泥于書中所呈現(xiàn)的語篇順序,應(yīng)遵循先易后難的原

6、那么.如可先做細(xì)節(jié)題再做 推斷題,由于細(xì)節(jié)題大多能直接從文中找到答案, 而推斷題那么需對(duì)短文進(jìn)行深層 理解,再作判斷.一主旨題此類題型用以考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主題或中央思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解水平.其中一類題型 為主旨問題.1、主旨大意題題干常見的問句形式1主旨句設(shè)問類型 What is the main idea of this passage?What doesthe passage maily talk about?We can conclude / learn from the passage that 2最正確標(biāo)題選擇類型 The best title for this passage is 3作

7、者主旨意圖類型 What does the writer want to tell us?Which can express the purpose of the writer according to the passage?2、主旨大意題的解題方法主旨大意題一定要注意文章的首尾兩段.如果首尾兩段的主旨表達(dá)是一致的,那么文章的主旨便是兩段重復(fù)說明的語句內(nèi)容表達(dá). 找出選項(xiàng)中與歸納的主 旨表達(dá)重復(fù)最多的選項(xiàng)即為最正確答案. 如果首尾兩段的主旨表達(dá)不一致,那么需要 觀察文章的段落篇幅量是傾向于首段或是尾段, 從而確定主旨段落.在此過程中, 觀察篇幅量只需跳讀文章段落的首句尾句即可, 無需細(xì)讀段落

8、內(nèi)容,以節(jié)省時(shí)間. 如果文章只有一段,那么注意文章的首兩句及尾句,然后用以上的方法確定主旨句.此外,標(biāo)題選擇即為主旨句的壓縮表達(dá),注意抓住主旨句進(jìn)行主要詞匯的提 煉,把一個(gè)句子提煉為幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞,即是對(duì)主旨大意進(jìn)行概括歸納的標(biāo)題.而作者意圖表達(dá)必須通過歸納中央主題才能找到,通常表達(dá)為advise , convince ,present , purpose , warn 等.二細(xì)節(jié)題1、細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題題干常見的問句形式1True or NOT true 是非判斷類型 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? Which of the

9、 following statements is NOTtrue? Which of the following is NOT considered as ? According to thepassage , which of the following is NOT mentioned as one of the reasonsfor?2特殊疑問詞提問類型How many ?What/who/when/where/how/why ?3排序 題類型 Which of the orders is correct according to the passage?4例證題類型 The autho

10、r gives the example in paragraph in orderto 5表唯一細(xì)節(jié)概念題類型： themost / est the only 2、細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題的解題方法：做這類題的一般方法是先要找出題干或是選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵字,一般為數(shù)字、大寫或人名地名,再通過scanning快速確定該細(xì)節(jié)在文中的出處信息JM,仔細(xì) 對(duì)照題干要求,排除或選擇.命題者在出這類題時(shí)慣用“偷梁換柱、張冠李戴 的手法來迷惑考生,即對(duì)原句細(xì)微處做改動(dòng),截取原文詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行改造,因 果倒置,把A的觀點(diǎn)說成B的觀點(diǎn)等.所以正確理解題干和信息句的意義是關(guān) 鍵.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題還要十分注意句子的非主干成分,如定語、狀語、

11、補(bǔ)語等,這些 成分都是出題者常進(jìn)行誤導(dǎo)的落腳點(diǎn).是非判斷一般都遵循對(duì)照選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行 “三對(duì)一錯(cuò)或三錯(cuò)一對(duì)的判斷.假設(shè)該信 息句是長句或難句,要學(xué)會(huì)找出其主干局部,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),正確理解信息句的 意義.一定要注意的是,要所答是所問,不要受到慣勢思維的影響,習(xí)慣性地去 選擇正確的細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí),切記要弄清問題,不要所答非所問.例證題一定要注意以for example ,such as 等關(guān)鍵入手處,找出細(xì)節(jié)出處.排序題要先仔細(xì)觀察選項(xiàng),找出首尾相同的選項(xiàng)分組,進(jìn)而通過具體 細(xì)節(jié)信息比擬進(jìn)行排除和選擇.唯一細(xì)節(jié)題一定要仔細(xì)審題,弄清題干所需.特 別需要提醒的是,選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)有 most 最高級(jí)、the only

12、唯一、all所有、 none全否修飾的細(xì)節(jié),都具有絕對(duì)性,選擇判斷時(shí)要慎選.三推斷題此類題的關(guān)鍵是要注意原文出現(xiàn)的語句不是我們做出的推理判斷,而是原文給出的細(xì)節(jié)信息,所以原文語句不能選.判斷時(shí)對(duì)的事實(shí)仔細(xì)評(píng)價(jià)后做出的合理決定并非唯一決定,要對(duì)事實(shí)進(jìn)行符合情理的判斷,有時(shí)還需借助常識(shí)進(jìn)行判斷.推理判斷題分兩種,即對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推理和對(duì)主旨的推理. 主要以We can infer/ imply / learn from this passage that等進(jìn)行提問.解決此類題要注意,一是與原文相同的細(xì)節(jié)不能選,二是文中沒有出現(xiàn)的細(xì)節(jié)不能跳出文章做推 斷.解題過程中只要注意上述兩點(diǎn),再結(jié)合做細(xì)節(jié)和主旨的方

13、法,即可以做出推 理判斷題.四猜想詞義題猜想詞義題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義水平.一般情況下,推斷詞義的題目中所出現(xiàn)的單詞, 大多數(shù)是學(xué)生未曾見過的生詞,學(xué)生需要 在該詞出現(xiàn)的上下文中去尋找線索. 通過閱讀上下文,斷定該詞的真正含義,然 后將這個(gè)釋義代入文中,檢查是否貼切,仔細(xì)比擬直到得出該詞確實(shí)切的含義.1 .通過因果關(guān)系猜詞通過因果關(guān)系猜詞,首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系,然后才能 猜詞.有時(shí)文章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞 文口 because , as , since , for , so , thus , as a result ,of course , therefore 等

14、等表示前因后果.例如：You shouldn't have blamed him for that , for it wasn't his fault. 通過 for引出的句子所表示的原因那不是他的錯(cuò),可猜出blame的詞義是"責(zé)備".2 .通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞通過同義詞猜詞,一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組,如happy and gay,即使我們不熟悉gay這個(gè)詞,也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進(jìn)一 步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞,如 Man has known something about the planets Venus , Mars

15、 , and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.止匕旬中的Venus金星、Mars火星、Jupiter木星均為生詞,但只要知道 planets 就可猜出這幾個(gè)詞都屬于“行星這一義域.通過反義詞猜詞,一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 的連詞或副詞,如but , while , however等；二是看與not搭配的或表示否認(rèn) 意義的詞語,如： He is so homely , not at all as handsome as his brother. 根據(jù)not at all.handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思,即不英俊、不漂亮的意思.3 .通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞

16、在閱讀文章時(shí),我們總會(huì)遇上一些新詞匯,有時(shí)很難根據(jù)上下文來推斷其詞 意,而它們對(duì)文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用, 此時(shí),如掌握了一些常用的詞 根、前綴、后綴等語法知識(shí),這些問題便不難解決了.4 .通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測詞義例如：But sometimes , no rain falls for a long , long time. Then there is a dry period , or drought.從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨,于是便有一段干旱的時(shí)期,即drought ,由此可見drought意思為"久旱","旱災(zāi)".

17、而a dry period 和drought是同義語.這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is,or,that is , in other words , be called或破折號(hào)等來表示.5 .通過句法功能來推測詞義例如：Bananas , oranges , pineapples , coconuts and some other kindof fruit grow in warm areas.彳貿(mào)如 pineapples 和 coconuts 是生詞,我們可以從這兩個(gè)詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思.從句中不難看出pineapples , coconuts 和 bananas , orange

18、s 是同類關(guān)系,同屬 fruit 類,因 此它們是兩樣水果,準(zhǔn)確地說,是菠蘿和椰子.6 .通過描述猜詞描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對(duì)該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫.例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird livingin the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannotfly , it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一種生活在南極的鳥類.后面更詳

19、盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習(xí)性.AWith miles of beaches , sea and sunshine , Pattaya芭堤雅is one of the most popular places for visitors to Thailand . It provides many kinds of entertainment for both young people and the whole family. There isalways something to do , any time , any weather , any day or nightOrchid 蘭化Farm

20、s are a worthwhile visit and if you are thinking of taking some of these beautiful plants home , visit a day or two before you leave to make sure that you will have live plants when you get back. Youcan also get great orchids in a sealed密封bottle that will last as long asyour memoryPattaya Elephant V

21、illage is another place that you can not miss in Pattaya . It is a good place to learn and understand how elephants have been linked into Thai life and history over the centuries You can alsotake an elephant trek there Show time allows the elephants to display their skills , such as playing football

22、You can also feed a tiger at the Sriracha Tiger Zoo斯里拉差龍虎 園.There you will learn more about tigers . You can take photos with them You can also enjoy elephant and crocodile shows at the zoo根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,選擇最正確答案.1 . What is Pattaya famous for in Thailand?A BeachesB SeaC SunshineD All of the above2 . Wheneve

23、r you go to Pattaya , it can provide many kinds of entertainment forA. both young people and the whole familyB . both old people and the whole familyC. both young people and kidsD . both parents and kids()3 . Where can you get beautiful orchids in Thailand?A. Beaches .B . Pattaya Elephant VillageC.

24、Orchid FarmsD . The Sriracha Tiger Zoo()4 . Which animal do you see at the Sriracha Tiger Zoo?A. Foxes . B . Elephants C. Lions . D . Monkeys()5 . The passage mainly tells usA. Pattaya is one of the most popular places for visitors to ThailandB . you must buy some beautiful orchids in ThailandC. Pat

25、taya Elephant Village is the only place that you can not miss in PattayaD . if you visit Thailand , you must visit the Sriracha Tiger ZooBourWhen my family moved to America in 2022 from a small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also village rules, customs and culture.

26、 One of the rules is that young people should always respect( 尊敬)elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.I had a part-time job as a waiter in a Chinese restaurant. One time, when I was serving food to a middle-aged couple, the wife asked me how the food c

27、ould be served so quickly. I told her that I had made sure they got their food quickly because I always respect the elderly. As soon as I said that, her face showed great displeasure. My manager, who happened to hear what I said, took me aside and gave me a long lecture about how sensitive敏感American

28、s are and how they dislike the description “ old . I then walked back to the table and apologized to the wife. After the couple heard my reason, they understood that the problem was caused by cultural differences, so they laughed and were no longer angry.In my village in China, people are proud of b

29、eing old. Not so many people live to be seventy or eighty, and people who reach such an age have the most knowledge and experience. Young people always respect older people because they know they can learn from their rich experience.However, in the United States, people think “ growing old is a prob

30、lem since “ old shows that a person is going to retire or that the body is not working well. Here many people try to keep themselves away from growing old by doing exercises or jogging, and women put on makeup, hoping to look young. When I told the couple in the restaurant that I respect the elderly

31、, they got angry because this caused them to feel they had failed to stay young. I had told them something they didn ' t want to hear.After that, I changed the way I had been with older people. It is not that I don ' t respect them any more; I still respect them, but now I don' tshow my

32、feelings through words.By Jack根據(jù)以上短文內(nèi)容,然后從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最正確選項(xiàng).1. Jack brought the couple their food very fast because.A. the manager asked him to do soB. he respected the elderlyC. the couple wanted him to do soD. he wanted more pay2. When Jack called the couple“ elderly , they became.A. nervous B. sa

33、tisfied C. unhappy D. excited3. In Jack ' s hometown,.A. people dislike being called" oldB. people are proud of beingoldC. many people reach the age of seventy or eightyD. the elderly are the first to get food in restaurants4. After this experience, Jack.A. lost his job in the restaurantB.

34、made friends with the coupleC. no longer respected the elderly D. changed his way with older people5. Which of the following is TRUE?A. The more Jack explained, the angrier the couple got.B. Jack wanted to show his feelings through words after his experience.C. The manager went back to the table and

35、 apologized to the couple.D. From this experience, Jack learned more about American culture.Jean is a bright young woman who comes from a rich and famous family. She goes to a good university and has everything that money can buy. Well, almost everything. The problem is that the people in Jean '

36、 s family are so busy that they can hardly find time to be with her. In fact, Jean is quite lonely.So Jean spends a lot of time on her QQ. She likes being anonymous匿名,talking to people who do not know about her famous family and her rich life. She uses the name Linda on QQ and has made a lot of frie

37、nds who she keeps in touch with quite often.Last year Jean made a very special friend on QQ. His name was David and lived in San Francisco. David was full of stories and jokes. He and Jean had a common 共同的interest in rock music and modern dance. So it always took them hours to talk happily on QQ and

38、 sometimes they even forgot their time. Of course, they wanted to know more about each other. David sent a picture of himself: He was a tall, good-looking young man with a big, happy smile. As time went by, they became good friends and often sent cards and small things to each other.When Jean '

39、s father told he r that he was going on a business trip to San Francisco, she asked him to let her go with him so that she could give David a surprise for his birthday. She would take him the latestDVD of their favorite rock singer. But when she knocked on David' sdoor in San Francisco, she foun

40、d that her special friend was a twelve-year-old boy named Jim!根據(jù)以上短文內(nèi)容,然后從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最正確選項(xiàng).1. Jean spends a lot of her time on QQ because she is.A. richB. famous C. youngD. lonely2. Jean thought “ David " was speciddecause he.A. made her quite happy on QQ B. was from San FranciscoC. sent her a

41、 picture of himself D. was tall and good-looking3. When Jean and “ David " met and introduced themselves to each other, who felt surprised?A. David . B. Both “David and Jean.C. Jean. D. Neither “David " nor Jean.4. What ' s the main idea of the passage?A. Don ' t believe those you

42、get to know on QQ so easily.B. People don ' t use their real names on QQ so often.C. Don ' t go to meet those you get to know on QQ.D. People should tell their real names to others on QQ.Linda Evans was my best friend like the sister I never had. We did everything together: piano lessons, mo

43、vies, swimming, horseback riding.When I was 13, my family moved away. Linda and I kept in touch throughletters, and we saw each other on special time like mywedding 女昏禮and Linda ' s. Soon we were busy with children and moving to new homes, and we wrote less often. One day a card that I sent came

44、 back, stamped“ Address 地址Unknown. " I had no ideahow to find Linda.Over the years, I missed Linda very much. I wanted to share 分享happiness of my children and then grandchildren. And I needed to share my sadness when my brother and then mother died. There was an empty place in my heart that onl

45、y a friend like Linda could fill.One day I was reading a newspaper when I noticed a photo of a young woman who looked very much like Linda and whose last name was Wagman Li nda ' s married name. “ There must be thousands of Wagmans, " I thought, but J still wrote to her.She called as soon a

46、s she got my letter."Mrs Tobin! she saidexcitedly, “ Linda Evans Wagman is my mother.Minutes later I heard a voice that I knew very much, even after 40 years, laughed and cried and caught up on each other' s lives. Now theempty place in my heart is f川ed. And there' s one thing that Lind

47、a andI know for sure: We won ' t lose each other again!根據(jù)以上短文內(nèi)容,然后從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇最正確選項(xiàng).1. The writer went to piano lessons with Linda Evans.A. at the age of 13B. before she got marriedC. after they moved to new homes D. before the writer ' sfamily moved away2. They didn ' t often write to

48、each other because they.A. got marriedB. had little time to do soC. didn ' t like writing letters D. could see each other on special time3. There was an empty place in the writer' s heasebshe.A. was in troubleB. didn t know Linda s addrsesC. received the card that she sentD. didn t have a fr

49、iend like Linda to share her happi ness or sadness4. The writer was happy when she.A. read the newspaperB. heard Linda s voice on the phoneC. met a young woman who looked a lot like LindaD. wrote to the woman whose last name was Wagman5. They haven ' t kept in touch.A. for about 40 yearsB. for a

50、bout 27 yearsC. since they got marriedD. since the writers family moved away二.初中英語完形填空解題技巧考點(diǎn)分析：完型填空一直是測試必考題型,而且在整卷中占相當(dāng)大的分值,如果該 局部失分嚴(yán)重,會(huì)影響學(xué)生英語最終成績.因此,學(xué)生必須熟練掌握完型填空做題 技巧,同時(shí)通過一定量專題練習(xí),提升做題的正確率.注:學(xué)生該局部失分特別嚴(yán)重,所以必須加大該局部的練習(xí).完型填空最常用的四種解題法1 .總體把握：要通讀完形填空的短文,跳過空格快速閱讀,了解全篇的主要內(nèi)容. 切不可把珍貴的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在個(gè)別字句推敲上.2 .弄清體裁：文章體裁通

51、常分為四種：論述文、記敘文、說明文和應(yīng)用文.中考 選文以敘事性文章為主,如：幽默故事、科普知識(shí)、童話、簡短新聞、名人軼事、 社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)問題等.讀這類文章,要大體上了解故事所涉及的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、 事件及前因后果.3 .重視主題句：完形填空所用的短文一般不給標(biāo)題,但短文的主題句,往往在每 段文章的首句,有時(shí)也出現(xiàn)在文章的中間或結(jié)束處. 主題句提供全篇的性質(zhì)、大 意等,這是深入了解全文的“窗口 ,甚至能以語句為立足點(diǎn),從該句的時(shí)態(tài)、 語氣推測全文的主要內(nèi)容.4 .語境聯(lián)想：利用上下文的提示,用學(xué)過的知識(shí)和已有的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn),掃清局部詞 匯理解上的障礙.二、幾種解題技巧：1 .詞語搭配(1)從語法角度來

52、說,句子不是詞的序列,而是詞組的序列.因搭配關(guān)系而產(chǎn)生的一般性詞匯.如：see a film(3)詞序和意義皆以固定的復(fù)合詞和動(dòng)詞短語. 如：push ahead with( 奮力前行).因詞組而構(gòu)成的常見的句式：It feels+形容詞+不定式,在搭配判斷時(shí),注意：要區(qū)別外形相近而意義不同的搭配.如：look for, look over, look out, lookafter, look up 等.要區(qū)別形不相似而意義相近的搭配.如：I paid 12 poundsfor the dictionary. The book cost me a lot. It took three men

53、to lift thebox.句中都有“付出、花費(fèi)、需要的意思.譯成漢語時(shí)似乎相通.但更要注意它們之間的搭配變化；要注意單個(gè)詞組的多義性.如：take off有“脫下(衣服), (飛機(jī))起飛,匆匆離開,取下,休假等多種含意.2 .語法判定(1)要注意出現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞類題,依次為動(dòng)詞、介詞、代詞、連詞、形容詞、副詞.選擇各類詞時(shí),要注意以下幾個(gè)方面：a.名詞的選擇b.動(dòng)詞的選用c.選擇介詞d.選擇彳t詞e.選擇連詞f.選擇形容詞和副詞(2)要注意句法題,搞清句子的種類、類型、省略和倒裝a.句子的種類包括陳述旬、疑問旬、祈使旬和感慨何.一般以考查疑問旬、感 嘆句的詞序?yàn)槎嘁?其次是祈使旬的零時(shí)態(tài)等

54、.b.句子的類型有簡單句、并列旬、復(fù)合旬和并列復(fù)合句.c.句子的省略與倒裝很少考查,卻要看懂,不能引起對(duì)文章的曲解.(3)在語法適用方面,可以用擇優(yōu)法和排除法a.擇優(yōu)法是把各選項(xiàng)代入短文中,選出在詞義上符合要求,且在語法上又沒有 語病的答案.b.排除法是在代入選項(xiàng)時(shí)如發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)單詞意義不對(duì), 或詞與詞搭配不妥,或存 在語法錯(cuò)誤,或與上下文有矛盾,那么迅速排除不適宜的選項(xiàng),剩下的就是正確答 案.3 .例舉比照.在完形填空的多項(xiàng)選擇中,常常會(huì)遇到難以選擇的題目.需要調(diào)動(dòng)頭腦里的知 識(shí)“儲(chǔ)藏,例舉熟知的語言現(xiàn)象與之相比擬,再做出明智的選擇.三、一般的解題過程是：1 .通讀全文,掌握大意.結(jié)合選項(xiàng)初步弄

55、清短文寫了些什么內(nèi)容.2 .瞻前顧后,分析先行.3 .反復(fù)推敲,攻克難關(guān).如果做不出來的話,可能要改變一下思路.4 .驗(yàn)證答案,修正錯(cuò)誤,著重注意這幾點(diǎn)：1文章是否順暢；2所填單詞是否 是最正確單詞；3所填單詞是否有拼寫錯(cuò)誤.Mrs.D.四、對(duì)應(yīng)練習(xí):1.When Billy came to class one morning, he noticed that something was different. Mrs. Green was not in her 51 place. She was standing inthe middle of the classroom, and 52 wa

56、s hiding behind her."Class," she said. "This is Fritz from 53. Please say hello to him."The class were in silence. Mrs. Green said again, "Say hello to our new friend. " But still, 54 said a word. " All right, then. " said Green. "Billy, please 55 Fritz t

57、o his new desk beside yours.""Hi, Fritz," said Billy. "Please come with me. " But Fritz would 56.He was holding on to 57. He said something, 58 nobody couldunderstand. Some of the boys started to laugh. Billy felt 59 for him.Then, Billy said something no one else could un de

58、rstand 60 Fritz.Fritz smiled and shook Billy's hands( 握手')."Wow!" everyone was surprised. Billy was proud. He said "I said," Hello' in German. I heard it once on TV."()1. A. onlyB. usualC. goodDcomfortable()2. A. a new teacher B. a new girl C. a new boyBilly()3. A. EnglandGermany()4. A. no one()5. A. asktake()6. A. comeB. AmericaC.