初一英語學習知識點總結(jié)詳解版

1、初一英語學習知識點總結(jié)一、初一英語語法詞法1、名詞A）名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞， 而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式， 但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：一）在后面加s 。如： fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas二）x, sh, ch, s, tch 后力口 eso 如： boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes,三） 1）以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的變 y 為 i 再加 es 如： baby-babies,2 ）以元音字母加y 結(jié)尾的直接加s 。如：day-day

2、s, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways四）以。結(jié)尾加s （外來詞）。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加 。的加es ：如：tomatoes西紅柿 , potatoes 馬鈴薯五）以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的變 f 為 v 再加 es（s） 。如： knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves,shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有： fish, sheep, deer 鹿子 , Chinese, Japanese七）一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)

3、的有： people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves,clothes, socks八）單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：學 , family 家，家庭成員police 警察局，警察, class 班，同九）合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞， 多數(shù)為后一個單詞。 如： action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由 man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時為復(fù)數(shù)。如：mandoctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同

4、。如： fish 魚 fishes 魚的種類 , paper 紙 papers 報紙，卷子，論文 , work 工作 works 作品，工廠, glass 玻璃 glasses 玻璃杯，眼鏡 , orange 桔子水oranges 橙子 , light 光線 lights 燈 , people 人 peoples 民族 , time 時間 times 時代 , 次 數(shù) , chicken雞肉 chickens 小雞H一）單個字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或s。如：Is （I s）, Ks （K s）。但如是縮略詞則只加 s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs十二） 特殊形式的有： child

5、-children, man-men, woman-women,foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名詞的格當我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：一）單數(shù)在后面加s 。如：brother s, Mike s, teacher s二） 復(fù)數(shù)以 s 結(jié)尾的直接在 s 后加， 如果不是以s 結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。 如： Teachers Day 教師節(jié) , classmates ; Children s Day 六一節(jié), Women s Day 三八節(jié)三）由 and 并列的

6、名詞所有時，如果是共同所有同一人或物時，只加最后一個s ，但分別擁有時卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如： Mike and Ben s room 邁克和本的房間（共住一間），Mike s and Ben s rooms 邁克和本的房間（各自的房間）2、代詞項目 人稱代詞 物主代詞指示代詞 反身代詞人稱主格 賓格形容詞名詞性第一人稱單數(shù)Imemy minemyself復(fù)數(shù) weusour oursourselves第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyour yoursyourself復(fù)數(shù) youyouyour yoursyourselves第三人稱單數(shù)sheherher hersherselfhe him his

7、 his himselfit it its its this that itself復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves3、動詞A） 第三人稱單數(shù)當動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動詞那樣加s ，如下：）般在詞后力口So 如： comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在 x, sh, ch, s, tch 后加 es 。如： watches, washes, wishes, finishes三）1）以輔音字母加 y結(jié)尾白變y為i再力口 es。如：study-st

8、udies, hurry-hurries, try-tries2）以元音字母加y 結(jié)尾的直接加 s 。如： plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys四）以。結(jié)尾力口 es。如：does, goesare-is, have-has五）特殊的有：B） 現(xiàn)在分詞當我們說某人正在做什么事時，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：一）一般在后加ing 。如： spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training,play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-goin

9、g, do-doing二） 以不發(fā)音 e 的結(jié)尾的去掉e 再加 ing 。 如： dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking,practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個元音字母一個輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如 show-showing, draw-drawing ）要雙寫最后的輔音字母再力口ing 。如：put-putting, run-running,get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning四）以 ie 結(jié)尾的變 ie 為 y 再加 in

10、g 。如： tie-tying 系 die-dying 死 lie-lying 位于4、形容詞的級我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時，則要使用比較或最高級形式。構(gòu)成如下：1） 一般在詞后加er 或 est（ 如果是以 e 結(jié)尾則直接加r 或 st） 。如： greater-greatest,shorter - shortest, taller - tallest, longer - longest, nicer- nicest, larger-largest2） 以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1 個元音字母 1 個輔音字母（字母組合除外， 如 few-fewer fewest）結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加e

11、r /est 。如： big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest,hot-hotter hottest3） 以輔音字母 y 結(jié)尾的變 y 為 i 加 er/est 。 如： happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest（more friendly most friendly）,busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情況： （ 兩好多壞，一少老遠） good/well - better bestman

12、y/much - more most bad/ill - worse worstlittle- less leastold- older/elder oldest/eldestfar- farther/further farthest/furthest5、數(shù)詞( 基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接 th ； y 結(jié)尾， 變?yōu)?i, eth 跟上去。 ) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh,tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth,

13、 forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth二、初一英語語法句式1. 陳述句肯定陳述句 a) This is a book. (be 動詞 )b) He looks very young. ( 連系動詞 )c) I want a sweat like this. ( 實義動詞 )d) I can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動詞 )e) There s a computer on my desk. (There be 結(jié)構(gòu) )否定陳述句 a) These aren t their books. b) They don t look ni

14、ce.c) Kate doesn t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can t find her doll.e) There isn t a cat here. (=There s no cat here.)2. 祈使句a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let s learn English!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句 a) Don t be late. b) Don t hurry.3. 疑問句1) 一般疑問句 a) Is Jim a student b) Can I help you c) Doe

15、s she like saladd) Do they watch TV e) Is she reading肯定回答 : a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e) Yes, she is.否定回答 : a) No, he isn t. b) No, you can t. c) No, she doesn t. d) No, they don t. e) No, she isn t.2) 選擇疑問句 Is the table big or small 回答 It s big./ It s small.

16、3) 特殊疑問句 問年齡How old is Lucy She is twelve. 問種類What kind of movies do you like Ilike action movies and comedies. 問身體狀況How is your uncle He is well/fine. 問方式How do/can you spell it L-doubleO-K. 問原因Why do you want to join the club 問時間What s the time (=What time is it) It s a quarter to ten a.m.clock.Wh

17、at time do you usually get up, Rick At five oWhen do you want to go Let s go at 7:00.問地方Where s my backpack It s under the table.問顏色 What color are they They are light blue.What s your favourite color Its black.問人物Who s that It s my sister.Who is the boy in blue My brother.Who isn t at school Peter

18、and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to 問東西What s this/that (in English) Its a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11 問姓名What s your aunt s name Her name is Helen./She s Helen.What s your first name My first name s Ben.What s your fa

19、mily name My family name s Smith.12 問哪一個 Which do you like I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it Its big D/small f.14 問價格 How much are these pants They re 15 dollars.15 問電話號碼What s your phone number It s 576 -8349.16 問謂語 ( 動作 ) What s he doing He s watching TV.m a teacher.17 問職業(yè) （ 身份 ） What

20、 do you do IWhat s your father He s a doctor.三、初一英語語法時態(tài)1、一般現(xiàn)在時表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長期性的動作時使用一般現(xiàn)在時，它有：Be 動詞：She s a worker. Is she a worker She isn t a worker.情態(tài)動詞： I can play the piano. Can you play the piano I can t play the piano.行為動詞： They want to eat sometomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes They don

21、t want to eat any tomatoes.Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch Gina doesn t have a watch.2、現(xiàn)在進行時表示動詞在此時正在發(fā)生或進行就使用進行時態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為 sb be v-ing sth+ 其它 .I m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball I m not playing baseball.Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter Nancy isn t writing a letter.They re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music They aren t listening to the pop music.四