【頂尖學案】高考英語Unit21HumanBiology北師大版選修7

1、Unit 21 Human Biology 人類生物學核心詞匯1. In times of prosperity money（ 流通； 發(fā)行 ）quickly.2. I ' ll（ 交換）you three of mine for one of yours.3. He wrote a very（有爭議的 200k but I think he' s since regretted it.4. Those newspapers（ 迎合）to the lowest tastes.5. They（ 延遲，延緩 ）sending an answer to the request. 核心

2、詞匯6. It is（不合理的）to go out in such terrible weather.7. I cannot（ 忍受）your bad manners.8. Dr.Thomas was cfor violating medical ethics.9. I shall give up my claim , in（ 屈從）to your wishes.10. Drinking is p and the p against drunken driving will savemany lives.1 circulates 2.swap 3.controversial 4.cater 5

3、.postponed 6.absurd7.tolerate 8.condemned 9.submission 10.prohibited ; prohibition高頻短語1 .徒然；白費力氣2. 隨便地；隨意地3. 不管多大代價；無論如何4. 立刻；馬上5. 徹底消滅6. 終止；消滅7. 無論如何；至少8. 推遲9. 開始做10. 教育；養(yǎng)育；嘔吐；引述11. 經(jīng)歷；通過12. 通過（考試等）；完成13. 聚焦；集中；對準14. 長期地；永遠地15. 遺漏；遺忘；錯過機會1 . in vain 2.at random 3.at all costs 4.straight away 5. wip

4、e out 6.stopsth.in its tracks 7.at any rate 8. put off 9.get down to 10.bring up 11.gothrough 12. get through 13.focus on 14.for good（and all） 15. miss out重點句式1. Many contemporary amateur athletes worldrecords theythe first Olympic Games.許多當代的業(yè)余運動員如果參加了首屆奧運會，他們會打破很多項世界紀錄的。2. Floyd Landis made severa

5、l lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all.弗洛伊德蘭蒂斯做了幾次站不住腳的辯解，責怪他因傷服用的藥物，但是這些都是徒勞的。3. is compulsory for winners but other participants are only用心愛心專心 tested.獲勝者要強制性地進行檢查，而其他參與者只是隨意地檢查。4. . The Olympic spirit the spirit of competition which emphasises taking p

6、art winning has been violated by the desire to succeed.人們不惜任何代價來獲勝的愿望違背了重在參與而不是獲勝的奧林匹克精神。5. Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, with a tendency to strikethe young and fit rather than the old， the Spanish Fluthe most acuteepidemic in history.西班牙流感在18個月內(nèi)使多達5千萬人喪命，并且發(fā)病的傾向為：該病似乎專門侵襲年輕力壯的

7、人而非老年人，被認為是歷史上最嚴重的流行病。6. In Western Medicine , treatment is only the part of the body thatis ill.在西方醫(yī)藥學里，治療的重點放在身體的病灶部分。7. thousands of people who could have benefited from Traditional Chinese Medicine missed out because of ignorance.很遺憾，由于無知，成千上萬的人們錯過了用傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)治療的機會。8. Traditional Chinese Medicine is f

8、inally getting the chance it to helpcreate a healthier world.傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)終于獲得了應有的機會來幫助創(chuàng)造一個更加健康的世界。1. would have broken ； if ； had taken part in 2.in vain 3.It ; to be tested ; at random 4.rather than ； at all costs 5.is believed to have been6.focused ; on7.It seems a real pity that8.deserves知識詳解1 .abuse vt.

9、 濫用 n. 濫用；惡習（回歸課本 P34）Taking these drugs is known as “doping " and although they enhance performance , they also cause serious health problems in later life for those who abuse them.眾所周知，服用這些藥物就是服用“興奮劑”，盡管興奮劑有助于提高成績，但同時也會給那些濫用興奮劑的運動員招來日后生活中的嚴重的健康麻煩。歸納拓展例句探源 Laws have been passed to prevent gove

10、rnment officials from abusing their power.通過立法防止官員濫用權(quán)力。They were so rude that they often abused each other in public.他彳門彳艮粗魯，經(jīng)常在大庭廣眾之下彼此辱罵。 What she did was an abuse of her position as manager.她的所作所為是濫用經(jīng)理職權(quán)。1. It has been revealed that some government leaders their authority andposition to get illeg

11、al profits for themselves.A. employB. takeC abuseD overlook解析：選C。句意：一些政府領(lǐng)導被揭露濫用職權(quán)，非法為個人謀利。abuse濫用，妄用（權(quán)力等）；（不當?shù)兀┦褂茫籩mploy雇用，使用；take拿，??；overlook 俯瞰，眺望；忽略。用心愛心專心,it is part of every sport2 .seek vt.尋求；追求；探求；探索（回歸課本 P34）Doping is not only a problem in athletics where athletes seek to achieve beyond thei

12、r natural limits and are prepared to cheat to do so.服用興奮劑不僅僅是田徑運動中存在的問題，而且是每個運動項目都存在的問題，體育運動員想在這些運動中取得超常的成績而準備欺騙。歸納拓展例句探源(2010 年高考重慶卷).we seek to understand and communicate with things that exist only in our imaginations or on a computer screen.對于僅存在于我們想象中或者在電腦屏幕上的東西，我們力圖去理解并與之交流。 We should constant

13、ly seek advice from the masses.我們應當經(jīng)常征求群眾的意見。 We should never seek for fame and position.我們決不應該追求名譽和地位。2. Early editions of Shakespeares plays are muchafter by collectors.B soughtD seizedA. runC. charged解析：選B。考查動詞辨析。句意：搜集家們大量搜尋莎士比亞戲劇的早期版本。seek after尋找，搜尋，追求，探索。3 .tolerate vt.容忍；忍受(回歸課本 P34)The sport

14、s world does not tolerate doping as it is a fundamental form of cheating.由于它是影響力大的欺騙形式，所以體育界是不會容忍運動員服用興奮劑的。歸納拓展例句探源(朗文 P1628)I won ' t tolerate your bad manners any longer.我再也不能忍受你那種惡劣的態(tài)度了。 The plants are tolerant of frost.這些植物耐霜。3 .用所給詞的適當形式填空(1)There was no(tolerate)for anyone who broke ranks.

15、答案：tolerance(2)I can ' t tolerate(treat)as a child.答案：being treated4 .oppose vt. 反對(回歸課本 P34)Gene-therapy is very controversial and many people oppose further research into it.基因治療是很有爭議的，許多人反對對它做進一步研究。歸納拓展200 attended , as opposed to 300 the previous year.出席的有200人，而前一年是 300人。 Your evidence oppos

16、es the fact.你的證據(jù)與事實相背。用心愛心專心I ' m strongly opposed to your suggestion.我堅決反對你的建議。例句探源4. Looking from this hill , you may think the hill is higher.A. contraryB. oppositeC. objectiveD. opposing解析：選Bo考查形容詞辨析。根據(jù)句意，應t是對面的山，所以答案為Bo contrary相反的；objective客觀的；opposing對立的；對方的。5 .contradict vt.與（其他事物）相矛盾；反駁

17、（回歸課本 P34）However, if a generation of sports stars with enhanced genes were created , it would contradict the whole spirit of sport.然而，如果一代有強化基因的運動明星被造出來，這將有悖于整個運動精神。 歸納拓展（朗文 P472）Your behaviour is in direct contradiction tothe principles you claimto have.你的行為和宣稱的原則相違背。 What he did contradicted what

18、 he said.他言行不一（相矛盾）。 The two statements contradict each other.兩種說法相互抵觸。例句探源5 .完成句子The driver ' s words were completely（ 與 事實不符）.答案：in contradiction to the fact6 .postpone vt.推遲；延期（回歸課本 P37）Example 1 postpone例1 “阻止”歸納拓展Wd ll have to postpone the meeting until next week.我們將不得不把會議推遲到下周舉行。 They deci

19、ded to postpone building the new school.他們決定延遲興建新學校。例句探源易混辨析postpone , delay , put off三個詞或詞組后都不可以跟不定式。（1）postpone是正式用語，語義較強，指有意識地延至將來某一特定時間，在多數(shù)情況下， 后面說明何時進行。（2）delay 指暫時阻撓或阻擋，稍后可再繼續(xù)進行，后跟耽擱的原因。（3）put off 與postpone大致同義，但較口語化。（D（牛津 P1545）The game has already been postponed three times.（2）（牛津 P527）Commu

20、ters will face long delays on the roads today. He keeps putting_off going to visit his uncle.用心愛心專心6 .翻譯句子(1)由于下雨我們推遲了比賽。答案： We postponed the match because of rain.(2)咱們在獲取更多信息之后再做出決定也不遲。答案： Let' s postpone making a decision until we have more information.(3)由于雙方隊員的沖突，比賽被迫推遲半個小時。答案： The match wa

21、s postponed for half an hour because of the conflict of players of the two sides.7 . It was an unpopular decision to postpone the new school.A. buildingB. to buildC. having built D . to have built解析：選 A。考查postpone + v.-ing 。 postpone后跟動詞用-ing形式，build 將要發(fā)生而 非已發(fā)生，故用動名詞的一般式。7 .prohibit vt. 禁止；阻止(回歸課本 P

22、38). . , scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prohibit any future outbreaks.，科學家們一直在做治療實驗以防止將來的再次爆發(fā)。歸納拓展【溫馨提示】prohibit表示政府權(quán)威機構(gòu)發(fā)布的禁令所禁止的東西，而 ban除了具有上述意義之外，還具有譴責的意義。例句探源(2010 年高考陜西卷 )If lawmakers do not do something soon to prohibit spam, theproblem will certainly get much worse.如果法律的制定者

23、不盡快采取措施去禁止垃圾郵件，問題當然會更糟。 We are prohibited from drinking alcohol during working hours.工作時間內(nèi)我們不得喝酒。 The price prohibited us from buying it.這東西價錢太高，我們買不起。8. I fear that a prior engagement will me from joining you at dinner.A disagreeB prohibitC allowD permit解析：選B。句意：我有約在先，恐怕不能與你共進晚餐。根據(jù) fear 一詞可以知道不能共 進

24、晚餐。A項搭配不對。8 .decline v. 下降；婉拒 n.下降；減少(回歸課本 P40)Even though doctors don' t fully understand comas and the process of recovery , it is generally agreed that a patient ' s chances of recovery decline the longer they stay in a coma.雖然醫(yī)生們并沒有完全明白昏迷及其恢復過程，但是他們普遍認為病人持續(xù)昏迷的時間越 長，會降低他們恢復的可能性。歸納拓展declin

25、e to do sth.婉拒做某事用心愛心專心 in decline 下降decline in/of sth. 在某方面減少/下降fall/go into （a） decline開始衰落；陷入衰退例句探源（D（朗文 P439）I offered to give them a lift but they declined.我主動邀請他們搭車，但他們婉言謝絕了。 An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport.汽車的增力口導致了公共交通的減少。 Allen angrily declined to discuss

26、 the matter.艾倫氣憤地拒絕談論此事。9.完成句子（1）很抱歉，明天晚上我沒空，所以必須謝絕你的邀請。I ' msorry , but I ' mnot free tomorrow evening so I have to . 答案：decline your invitation（2）全球經(jīng)濟自2008年以來一直在走下坡路。Global economy since 2008.答案：has been in decline9 .submit vt. 遞交；提交；順從；屈服；認輸（回歸課本 P137）You were supposed to submit it on the

27、 14th June.你本應該在6月14日提交它（文章）。歸納拓展 He was too proud to submit to such treatment.他的自尊心太強，不甘于受那種對待。 I did not submit to having my freedom limited.我不甘于我的自由受到限制。例句探源10. We advised the hijackers（ 劫持者）to themselves to the police.A. submitB. buryC. treatD. help解析：選Ao句意：我們勸那些劫持者向警察投案。B項表示“專心于” ；C項表示“招待”；D項表示

28、“隨便取用” 。A項表示“屈服，投降”，只有A項符合句意要求。10 .temporary adj. 臨時的，短暫的（回歸課本 P40）. . , Terri ' s parents still believed that her coma was only temporary. ，特瑞的父母仍然認為她的昏迷只是暫時的。歸納拓展（D（朗文 P1589）Students often find temporary jobs during their summer holidays. 學生們常常在暑假打臨工。（朗文 P1589）We apologize for the temporary in

29、convenience caused by these building works.對于建筑施工造成的短期不便，我們謹致歉意。例句探源11 .翻譯句子半數(shù)以上的職員是臨時雇員。用心愛心專心答案： More than half of the staff are temporary.11 .in vain 徒然，白費力氣（回歸課本 P34）Floyd Landis made several lame excuses blaming medicine he had been taking for an injury but these were all in vain.弗洛伊德蘭蒂斯做了幾次站不住

30、腳的辯解，責怪他因傷服用的藥物，但是這些都是徒勞的。歸納拓展vain adj. 自負的；自視過高的；空洞的，a vain attempt vain promises vainly adv.無用的；無謂的 無用的嘗試空頭的許諾 徒勞地 We tried in vain to make him change his mind.我們想使他改變主意，結(jié)果是白費心機。 We tried vainly to persuade her not to go.我們勸她別去，她不聽。 He was vain about his looks, spending hours in the gym.他對自己的外表很自負

31、，在健身房里一呆就是幾個小時。12. We tried例句探源to persuade him to stay home, but at last, he went to theconstruction site in spite of his bad illness.A vainC in factB in vainD in vainly解析：選B。句意：我們極力勸說他待在家里，但大都是徒勞的，盡管他生著重病，最后還是去了工地。in vain（ = vainly）徒勞地，白費力氣地。12 .at random隨便地，隨意地（回歸課本 P34）It is compulsory for winner

32、s to be tested but other participants areonly tested at random.獲勝者要強制性地進行檢查，而其他參與者只是隨意地檢查。歸納拓展CD（牛津 P1637）My phone seems to switch itself off randomly.我的手機好像隨時自動關(guān)機。He was not listening and made a random answer to the teacher' s question.他沒有在聽講，對教師的問題瞎答一通。 Fortune numbers are chosen at random on

33、the computer.幸運號碼是在電腦上隨意選出來的。例句探源13 .完成句子He（ 隨意地打開本書 ）and started reading.答案：opened a book randomly14 . It is not a good habit to state your opinion and you' d better thinkit over before you act.A. at allB. full of faithC. at onceD . at random解析：選 D 從"you' d better think it over before

34、you act"看出要"三思而后行”。用心愛心專心空白處應該填入 at random ,前半句“隨便發(fā)表你的觀點不是一種好習慣”，與后半句相吻合。13 .at all costs不惜任何代價；無論如何（回歸課本 P34）The Olympic spirit the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs. 人們不惜任何代價來獲勝的愿望違背了重在參與而不是獲勝的奧林

35、匹克精神。歸納拓展 He bought a satisfactory house at the cost of all his money.他用所有的積蓄買了一個合他心意的房子。 We have to finish this job by tomorrow at all costs.我們必須不惜一切代價在明天前完成這一任務。 Careless driving costs him his life.漫不經(jīng)心的開車使他喪失生命。例句探源15.完成句子（1）He is determined to win（無論如何）.答案：at any cost（2）The young policeman saved

36、 the little girl from the fire, but （以自己的生命為代價）. 答案：at the cost of his own life14 .at any rate 無論如何，至少（回歸課本 P137）If trends continue the way they ' re going , then in my opinion , yes in developed countries at any rate.在我看來，如果照目前的趨勢發(fā)展下去，會是這樣的一一至少在發(fā)達國家是這樣。 歸納拓展We may miss the next bus, but at any

37、rate we' ll be there before midday.我們可能趕不上下一趟公共汽車，但無論如何，中午以前我們總可以到那里。 At this rate, we will soon be bankrupt.照這樣下去，我們很快就會破產(chǎn)。例句探源16. , he would make special mention of it in the report, for he has givenus many hints about it in advance.A. At any rateB. At any momentC. At any timeD. At any price解析

38、：選A。句意：無論如何，他會在報告中特別提到這件事的，因為他已經(jīng)事先暗示我們多次了。和后面的信息一致，應該為“無論如何” 。B項“隨時”；C項“在任何時候” ；D項 “不惜任何代價”。15 .wipe out徹底毀滅；全部摧毀（回歸課本 P38）Epidemics can wipe out up to half of the population in urban areas.流行病能毀滅城市地區(qū)的一半人口。歸納拓展 A summer fire can wipe out all the grass.夏季的一場火可把草都燒光。 He wiped away the grease from the

39、windshield of the car.用心愛心專心 他擦去了汽車擋風玻璃上的油漬。 She stood up to wipe the sweat off her face.她站起來擦擦臉上的汗珠。(牛津 P2644)The heat had wiped us out.炎熱使我們精疲力盡。例句探源17 .完成句子(1)趁著還沒有人滑倒，你最好把地板上的牛奶擦干凈。You' d betteron the floor before someone slipsin it. 答案： wipe up the milk (2)醫(yī)生們正在尋找消滅癌癥的醫(yī)療方法。Doctors are searc

40、hing for a cure that will. 答案： wipe out cancer 句型梳理1【教材原句】 Many contemporary amateur athletes would_have_broken world records if they had_taken_part_in the first Olympic Games.(P34)許多當代的業(yè)余運動員如果參加了首屆奧運會，他們會打破很多項世界紀錄的?！揪浞ǚ治觥勘揪浜衖f引導的表示虛擬的狀語從句。其具體的主句和從句的動詞形式如下：虛擬情況條件句主句現(xiàn)在動詞過去式/werewould/should/might/ c

41、ould +動 詞原形過去had donewould/could/should/ might+have done將來should do/wereto do/動詞的過去式would/should/might/ could +動 詞原形If he hadn ' t warned me , I would have been in danger.要是他沒有警告我的話，我當時就會有危險了。 If I were you , I would invite him to the party.如果我是你的話，我會邀請他參加聚會。What would happen if the earth should

42、 stop turning tomorrow?萬一地球明天停止運轉(zhuǎn)，會出現(xiàn)什么情況呢？You wouldn ' t find it so hard to write the composition now if you had observedlife carefully.你要是以前認真觀察生活的話，你現(xiàn)在就不會覺得作文難寫了。18 . They two free tickets to Canada, otherwise they' d never have been ableto afford to go.用心愛心專心A. had gotB. gotC. have gotD.

43、 get解析：選Bo前半句表示的是客觀事實，后半句表示的是省略 if條件句的對過去情況的虛擬假設。句意：他們得到兩張去加拿大的免費票，否則他們是負擔不起去那兒的費用的。2【教材原句】.we have to have faith that_there_will_be.我們必須有信心將會有(P39)【句法分析】本句中that引導同位語從句。that常用來引導同位語從句，與具有概括性的抽象名詞連用，如 news, fact , idea , suggestion , warning , hope, promise , thought , doubt , belief , truth , reques

44、t , proposal , demand 等。The fact that he won first prize can' t be denied.他贏得一等獎的事實不容否認。In spite of the fact that he is over sixty, he is still full of spirit.盡管他已經(jīng)60多歲了，但仍然精力充沛。 Have you heard the news that Mary will be back soon?你聽到瑪麗不久就要回來的消息了嗎？I don ' t agree on the idea that you will go

45、 abroad.我不同意你要出國的想法?！緶剀疤崾尽縯hat引導同位語從句時，只起到引導詞的作用，在從句中不作任何成分，但不可省略。歸納拓展除that外，wh 優(yōu)(包才how)也可以引導同位語從句。 You have no idea how anxious we were then.你不知道我們當時多么焦急。 I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么時候回來。 The question whether he should give it up has been worrying him for days.他該不該放棄這個問題幾天來一直困擾著他。19

46、. There is no doubt , in my opinion ,matters is not the speed, but the quality of the product.A. what whatB. that thatC. that ifD. that what解析：選 Do that引導一個同位語從句，在這個同位語從句中又有一個主語從句：whatmatters。句意：依我看，毫無疑問，重要的不是速度，而是產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量。作文指導圖表類作文【體裁導航】圖表類書面表達常以曲線圖形式，流程圖形式，柱星圖形式，餅式圖形式，數(shù)據(jù)表格形式及平面圖解形式出現(xiàn)。這類題型具有文字少，信息少，要點

47、分散等特征。 我們在寫作時只有在看懂圖示的基礎上才能動筆寫。如果不能全部領(lǐng)會圖表信息，寫作中就會出現(xiàn)遺漏信息， 分析不準確等一系列問題。圖表作文的體裁以說明類和議論類為主，記敘類較少見?！緦懽魇纠?0用心愛心專心 假如你叫李華，從某網(wǎng)站看到下面調(diào)查統(tǒng)計表，感觸很深，從而決定寫信給某英語報社，反 映這一現(xiàn)象，并簡要分析原因，呼吁教育部門和家長改變目前局面。要求：1.語言要連貫、準確，可適當發(fā)揮；2.詞數(shù)：120150。Dear Editor , Yours sincerely , Li Hua 【寫作要領(lǐng)】 一、審題1 .體裁：圖表作文。要求考生對表格、圖表進行分析，系統(tǒng)準確地表達出其含義，并

48、得出 令人信服的結(jié)論。2 .時態(tài)和人稱：因反映的是現(xiàn)實情況，故應用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)和第三人稱，發(fā)表個人觀點時可使 用第一人稱。3 .本題以圖表和文字提示的方式給出了寫作要點。因而要根據(jù)文字去理解圖表，弄清楚圖 表所反映的信息、問題和現(xiàn)象并準確表述。二、謀篇1 .首先：分析數(shù)據(jù)學生每天花在體育活動上的時間：美國：72分鐘；韓國：42分鐘；中國：12分鐘2 .然后：分析原因(1)在學校里大部分時間都花在學習上。(2)回家后父母也讓學生學習。3 .最后：提出措施教育部門和父母都要意識到體育活動的重要性，給孩子們更多的時間去參與體育活動?！痉段狞c評】Dear_Editor , It can be seen e

49、asily from the above chart that American students spend 72 minutes on physical activities per day, and those in South Korea 42 minutes. However,Chinese students have only 12 minutes for physical activities per day. The reasons lie in the following. Almost all the time is spent on lessons inChinese schools and students are made by parents to concentrate on their study even when they get back home. Thus there is little time left for their physical activities.In myopinion , both the education departments and parents are responsible to give the students more time for physical activities