高中定語從句用法歸納(課堂PPT)

1、 The Attributive Clause定語從句定語從句2定語的概念定語的概念：（用來修飾名詞的詞）（用來修飾名詞的詞）例：例： A beautiful girl an ugly dog The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was drunk. 定語從句定語從句 （用一個句子來修飾名詞）（用一個句子來修飾名詞） 例：例：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was drunk.3定語從句的相關(guān)術(shù)語：

2、定語從句的相關(guān)術(shù)語： 被定語從句修飾的那個名詞叫做先行詞；引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。 關(guān)系詞的作用是代替先行詞并在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分。 The girl who is sitting near the tree is Kate. The door which I knocked on was repaired. The building is our school. The building stands by the river.v關(guān)系詞與先行詞關(guān)系詞與先行詞的關(guān)系非常密切，關(guān)系詞的使用取的關(guān)系非常密切，關(guān)系詞的使用取決于先行詞，因為關(guān)系詞代替先行詞在定語從句中充決于先行詞，因為關(guān)系

3、詞代替先行詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分，所以它在一般情況下都緊緊跟在先行當(dāng)一定的成分，所以它在一般情況下都緊緊跟在先行詞之后。詞之后。The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行詞先行詞 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞 定語從句定語從句vwhich/that which/that 是關(guān)系詞，它在從句中代替先行是關(guān)系詞，它在從句中代替先行詞詞the building, the building, 同時擔(dān)任從句中的主語。同時擔(dān)任從句中的主語。5指出下列句子中的先行詞，關(guān)系詞，指出下列句子中的先行詞，關(guān)系詞，主句和從句主句和從句 以及關(guān)系詞

4、在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞植⒎g下列句子。以及關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞植⒎g下列句子。1. I have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.2. The woman whom we saw on the street got the job.3. The place which he often visits is always full of artists.4. Youre the only person whose advice he might listen to. 5. I still remember the days when we work tog

5、ether.6. I cant find the place where we met for the first time.7. Is that the reason why you dont like him?6定語從句常用關(guān)系詞定語從句常用關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, that, which, as等（代替先行詞在句中作主、賓、定等成分）關(guān)系副詞：where，when, why（在句中作狀語）7 關(guān)系代詞的關(guān)系代詞的 判判 斷斷 步步 驟驟 :v 首先，要看先行詞。首先，要看先行詞。 如果先行詞是指人如果先行詞是指人,關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 可用可用 who, whom,

6、 that。如果先行詞指物如果先行詞指物,關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 可用可用which, that; 不管先行詞指人還是指物，在定語不管先行詞指人還是指物，在定語 從句中是所有格的關(guān)系就用從句中是所有格的關(guān)系就用whosev 然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表然后，要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。請看下表先行詞 主格（不能?。┵e格(可省略) 所有格 人 who, that（who/whom/ that） whose 物 which, that（which/that） whose, of which關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 1.who1.who指人指人, ,作主語或賓語作主語或賓語( (作賓語可省略）作賓語

7、可省略）The man( who) I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom2.whom指人指人, ,作賓語作賓語 ( (作賓語可省略作賓語可省略, ,如如 介詞提前則不能省介詞提前則不能省) The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.9關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 3.whose 3.whose 是代詞的所有格形式是代詞的所有格形式, , 它既可以它既可以代人也可以代物。代人也

8、可以代物。 Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen .I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.4.which 4.which 指物，作主語或賓語指物，作主語或賓語 ( (作賓作賓 語可省略語可省略, ,如介詞提前則不能省如介詞提前則不能省) ) These are the trees which were planted last year.The TV set (w

9、hich) he bought yesterday is made in Japan. Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?11 關(guān)系副詞的關(guān)系副詞的 判判 斷斷 步步 驟驟 :v 還是要先看先行詞。還是要先看先行詞。 如果先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)如果先行詞在從句中充當(dāng) 時間狀語用時間狀語用 when或或介詞介詞+which ; 充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語 用用where或或介詞介詞+which; 充當(dāng)原因狀語用充當(dāng)原因狀語用why或或 介詞介

10、詞+which 。I still remember the days when we work together.I cant find the place where we met for the first time.Is that the reason why you dont like him?如何判斷用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞I still remember the days when we work together.I still remember the days which we spent together. I cant find the place where we met

11、 for the first time.I cant find the place which you went to last Sunday. Is that the reason why you dont like him?Is that the reason which you told to your mum?13Join the two sentences into one, using attributive clause.1. I know the person. His company produces new machines.2. She is the engineer.

12、Her work is considered to be the best here. 3. The girl is standing there. The girl is my elder sister.4. The house is near the tree. The house caught fire last night.I know the person whose company produces new machines. She is the engineer whose work is considered to be the best here. The girl is

13、my elder sister.who is standing thereThe house caught fire last night. which is near the tree145. The woman works in a factory. You spoke to her just now.6. This is the house. I was born in the house.7. I will never forget the day. We played in the park on that day. 8. This is the reason. He didnt c

14、ome to school for this reason. The woman works in a factory. whom/who you spoke to just nowThis is the housewhere/in which I was born. I will never forget the day when/on which we played in the park.This is the reason for which/ why he didnt come to school. 151. The picture _ you are looking at was

15、drawn by a friend of mine.2. What is the word _ he wanted to look up?3. The writer _ works I admire most is Lu Xun.4. This Mr. Jackson, _ eldest son is a famous doctor.5. Professor Liu, _ I met a moment ago, is over70.6. The girl on the left, _ hair is red, is called Martha.7. Yesterday we went to v

16、isit the house the great writer used to live.8. He was born in the year the Second World War broke out.Fill in the blanks with suitable words:that/whichwhich/thatwhosewhosewhomwhosewhere/in which in which/when161. Is this the factory _ makes color TV sets?2. Is this the factory _ color TV sets are m

17、ade?3. Do you know the museum _ many famous paintings are on show?4. This is the museum _ opens from Monday to Friday.5. Ill never forget that moment _ the film star took a photo of me.6. I cant forget the days _ we spent together in the small village many years ago.7. He always wants to go to his h

18、ometown and visit the place _ he grew up.8. Kunming is a city _ flowers are seen all the year round.9. The airport _ is 30 kilometers away is the only one in the city.which/thatwhere/in whichwhere/in whichwhich/thatwhen/at whichwhich/thatwhere/at whichWhere/in whichwhich/that17以下情況，引導(dǎo)詞只能用以下情況，引導(dǎo)詞只能用

19、thatthat，不用，不用whichwhich。1. 1. 當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞everythingeverything，littlelittle，muchmuch，allall，anythinganything，nothingnothing。e.g. Finally, the thief handed everything thatthat he had stolen.2. 2. 當(dāng)先行詞前有形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時，當(dāng)先行詞前有形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾時， 只能用只能用thatthat。e.g. This is the best book (that)(that) Iv

20、e ever read. He is the first man that greeted me in the school.183. 先行詞被先行詞被the onlythe only，the verythe very，the last the last 修飾時，只修飾時，只能用能用thatthat。e.g. He is the only person thatthat I want to see now. You are the very person that I am looking for.4.4.先行詞同時指人和指物時，只能用先行詞同時指人和指物時，只能用thatthat。e.g.e

21、.g. We talked about the things and persons We talked about the things and persons thatthat we saw then. we saw then.5. 當(dāng)先行詞前有當(dāng)先行詞前有all, every, no, some, any, little, all, every, no, some, any, little, much, fewmuch, few等詞修飾時，只能用等詞修飾時，只能用thatthat。19定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句

22、對被修飾詞起到限制、修飾的作用，一般不可缺少。非限制性定語從句起補(bǔ)充、附帶說明作用，缺少也不會影響全句的理解。e.g. She said she had finished her work, which I doubted very much. Ive got some personal affairs that I have to deal with.20限制性定語從句所修飾的詞代表一個或一類特定的人或事物，該種從句是不能去掉的，否則剩下的部分就沒有了意義，不能說清楚問題。eg: He is the man who wants to see you. 該從句為限制性定語從句，把定語從句去掉只

23、剩下He is the man,沒有任何意義。后面的定語從句是修飾和限定前面的先行詞的，使其具有一定的意義，故不能去掉。21非限制性定語從句則不然，它只對所修飾的詞做進(jìn)一步說明和修釋，使意思更加清晰明白，去掉之后主句仍然成立，仍然有意義。而且非限制性定語從句與主句之間有個明顯標(biāo)志：即用逗號將其隔開。eg: Mr. Smith, who was my first English teacher, retired last week. 該句中的非限制性定語從句去掉之后不影響主句的意義成立，但有了它，可使主句的意義更加清晰明白。注意：非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞不能注意：非限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞不能用用

24、that ( 切記！切記！)22以下情況，關(guān)系詞只能用以下情況，關(guān)系詞只能用whichwhich, ,不用不用thatthat。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時；引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時；引導(dǎo)詞前有介詞時；引導(dǎo)詞前有介詞時；一個句子中若有兩個定語從句，一一個句子中若有兩個定語從句，一 個用個用thatthat引導(dǎo)，另一個用引導(dǎo)，另一個用whichwhich引導(dǎo)；引導(dǎo)；He bought a book that could give him much knowledge and which could help him to kill the time.注意：當(dāng)those作為先行詞指人時，通常 只能用who

25、引導(dǎo)；23由as 引導(dǎo)定語從句 由as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，翻譯成“正如”。其先行詞是the same, such, 或被the same, such所修飾的先行詞。Many of the sports are the same as they were when they started.The result was not such as he expected.24試比較：This is the same umbrella as I lost yesterday.This is the same umbrella that I lost yesterday.（同類）（同一個）25as引導(dǎo)的非

26、限制性定語從句可放在句首、句 中、句尾，而which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句 時不能放在句首,只能放在句中和句尾。1. As is known to all, Taiwan belong s to China.2. Taiwan belongs to China, which is known to all.3. The earth, as is known to all, is round. as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句時常用來指代主句 的全部內(nèi)容，而which指代主句的全部內(nèi)容或 部分內(nèi)容。1. I gave him a New Year Card, which he enjoyed very

27、 much.2. She was married again, which was not expected.as 和和 which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時的區(qū)別26介詞介詞+ +關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞的用法要遵循以下原則1. 謂語動詞的固定搭配謂語動詞的固定搭配 e.g. This is the evidence with which the case is connected.2. 先行詞先行詞 e.g. Ill never forget the day on whichwhen I joined the party.273. 句子表達(dá)的意思句子表達(dá)的意思 e.g

28、. The boss in whose department Mr. King worked got sacked.4. 在非限制性定語從句中，名詞在非限制性定語從句中，名詞/代詞代詞+of+which/whom表示整體與部分的關(guān)系。表示整體與部分的關(guān)系。e.g. The workers, some of whom stayed for four years, came from different countries. The old book, the cover of which was red, belongs to my uncle. 28He is the person whom

29、I have to take care of. I love the music which Im listening to. 1.固定搭配的情況下不能把介詞提前，否則詞組失去意義。在定語從句中，在什么情況下介詞不可以在定語從句中，在什么情況下介詞不可以提前到關(guān)系代詞前提前到關(guān)系代詞前 ？I know the man with whom your father is talking. I know the man that your father is talking with.2.關(guān)系代詞That前面不能有介詞。(但是which/who/whom可以在前面加介詞)29 Exercises 1

30、. This is the job _they laughed at. A. which B. as C. it D. who 2. Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago. A.where was B. that were C. which was D. where3. Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting? A. we saw him B. we saw C. we saw who D. whom was seen4. The man _is pain

31、ting the house is my uncle. A.heB.whom C.whose D.who5. What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket? A.who B.whose C.its D.whichACB/DDB306. This book is for the students _native language isnt English. A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos7. The robbers shouted, “Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!” A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful. A.which B. for which C.on which D. about which9The boy