中考英語(yǔ)代詞詳解及練習(xí)

1、 代詞： 代詞的分類：英語(yǔ)中代詞分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞等等。 第一節(jié) 人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞1、人稱代詞：人稱代詞代替人和事物的名稱,分為主格和賓格兩種形式。第一人稱單數(shù)第二人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)陽(yáng)性陰性中性主格I(我)you (你)he(他)she(她)it(它)we(我們)you(你們)they (他們,她們,它們)賓格me(我)you (你)him(他)her(她)it(她)us(我們)you(你們)them (他們,她們,它們)（1） 、主格用來(lái)作句子的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。如： I often

2、 go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去購(gòu)物) Thats it.(就那么回事)（2） 、賓格用來(lái)作及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如：Who teaches you English this year?We often write letters to her.(我們常給他寫(xiě)信)() (3)、人稱代詞作表語(yǔ)或者放在比較狀語(yǔ)從句連詞than或as之后時(shí),可以用主格形式,也可以用賓格形式,口語(yǔ)中大多用賓格。如： -Who is it?(是誰(shuí)？) Its I/me.(是我。)（4）、三個(gè)不同人稱同時(shí)出現(xiàn),或者主語(yǔ)中包含“我”時(shí),按照“youheI”的順序表達(dá)。如： Both he a

3、nd I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家電腦公司上班) Who will go there?(誰(shuí)要去那兒？) You and me.(你和我)（5) 、人稱代詞it除了可以指人指物之外,還可以表示“時(shí)間、天氣、溫度、距離、情況”等含義,此外還可以作“非人稱代詞”使用,替代作主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)的不定式、動(dòng)名詞或者名詞性從句。如：-Whats the weather like today?(今天天氣怎樣？)Its fine.(天氣晴好) / -Whats the time?(幾點(diǎn)啦？) Its 12：00.(12點(diǎn)) /2、物主代詞：說(shuō)明事物所

4、屬關(guān)系的代詞,分為形容詞性和名詞性兩種。第一人稱單數(shù)第二人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)第一人稱復(fù) 數(shù)第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)陽(yáng)性陰性中性形容詞性my(我的)your(你的)his(他的)her(她的)its(它的)our(我們的)your(你們的)their (他們的,她們的,它們的)名詞性mine(我的)Yours(你的)his(他的)hers(她的)its(她的)ours(我們的)yours(你們的)theirs(他們的,她們的,它們的)( 1 )、形容詞性物主代詞只能作句子中名詞的修飾語(yǔ),后面要跟名詞。如： Is that your umbrella?(那是你的傘嗎？) I often go to

5、 see my aunt on Sundays.(我經(jīng)常在星期天去看望阿姨) (2)、名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于名詞,既代替事物又表明所屬關(guān)系,在句子中往往獨(dú)立地作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ),后面千萬(wàn)不可以跟名詞。如：This is your cup,but where is mine?(這是你的杯子,可我的在哪兒？) / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你們的教室很大,我們的相當(dāng)小)(3)、“of + 名詞性物主代詞”稱為雙重所有格,作定語(yǔ)時(shí)放在名詞的后面。如：A friend of mine came to see me yes

6、terday.(我的一個(gè)朋友昨天來(lái)看我了) (指若干朋友中有一個(gè)來(lái)看我。)試比較 My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天來(lái)看我了)(指我的那個(gè)特定的朋友來(lái)看我。)3、反身代詞：表示謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)有關(guān)或者賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作與賓語(yǔ)有關(guān)。第一人稱單數(shù)第二人稱單數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)陽(yáng)性陰性中性myself(我自己)yourself(你自己)himself(他自己)herself(她自己)itself(它自己)ourselves(我們自己)yourselves(你們自己)themselves (他們/她們/它們自己)(1)、反身

7、代詞在句子中作賓語(yǔ)表示反射(指一個(gè)動(dòng)作回到該動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者本身)。如：Dont play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那會(huì)割傷你的)4.指示代詞： 指示說(shuō)明近處或者遠(yuǎn)處、上文或者下文、以前或者現(xiàn)在的人或事物。單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)含義this(這個(gè))these(這些)指較近的人和物that(那個(gè))those(那些)指較遠(yuǎn)的人和物指示代詞既可以單獨(dú)使用做句子的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),也可以作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞。如：Whats this?(這是什么？) /That model plane is made of plastic.(那只模型飛機(jī)是塑料做的)(被動(dòng)句)

8、 / Remember never to do such things.(記得永遠(yuǎn)不要做這樣的事情) / Do the same as the teacher tells you. (按老師說(shuō)的做)/ -Who is it?(是誰(shuí)？) -Its me!(是我！)(1). 為避免重復(fù)，可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到的名詞。如：The playground of this school is bigger than that of that school. (That=the playground)My seat is next to that of the mayor.（that=

9、mayors seat） 我的座位在市長(zhǎng)座位旁邊。(2). 用來(lái)回指上文提到的事情時(shí)，可用this 或 that，但是若要指下文敘述的事情，通常要用 this。如：She is a beautiful girl.Who said that?I want to know this: Is she beautiful? 我想知道這一點(diǎn)：她美嗎?(3). 在打電話時(shí)，通常用 this 指自己，用that指對(duì)方：Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂，我是吉姆，你是約翰嗎?(4)除用作代詞外，this 和that 還可用作副詞，用以修飾形容詞或副詞，意為“這么”、“那么

10、”，相當(dāng)于 so。如：I've done only that much. 我所做的就這么多。Is he always this busy? 他總這么忙嗎?練習(xí)： 一、用適當(dāng)?shù)娜朔Q代詞填空：1. _ is my aunt. We often visit _. ( she )2. China is a developing country. _is in the east of Asia. ( its

11、)3. What day is _ today?    _ is Thursday. (its)5. I own a blue bike. The red one isnt _. ( I )二、用形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞填空 1. I ate all _ sandwiches yesterday.( I )&#

12、160;Can I have one of _ ? ( you )2. George has lost _ ( his ) pen. Ask Mary if（是否）she will lend him _ . ( she )3.Jack has a dog and so have I._(he)dog and _( I

13、) had a fight  (打架).4. The teacher wants you to return that book of _ ( he )5. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of _ are coming to see us. ( they )6. W

14、e are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of _ . (we )7. This isnt_knife. _ is green. ( she )8. These are your books Kate.Put _in the desk，please.(they )9. _ 

15、;must look after _ things. ( you )10. Wei Fang，is that _ ruler? Yes，its.( you )三. 從括號(hào)內(nèi)選擇正確的代詞填空1. Your football clothes are on the desk.Please put _(they，them，their，theirs) away.2. (We，Us，Ou

16、r，Ours)_ English teacher is Mrs. Green.We all like _(she，her，hers).3. (I，Me，My，Mine)_ cant get my kite. Could you help _(I，me，my，mine)?4. Tom cant get down from the tree.Can y

17、ou help _(he，him，his)?5. We cant find our bikes.Can you help _(we，us，our，ours)?6. These are _(he，him，his) planes. The white ones are _(I，me，mine). 反身代詞: ( )1.Those girls enjoyed _ in the party last night.

18、A.them B. they C. themselves D. herself ( )2.Help _ to some fish, children. A. yourself B. your C. yours D. yourselves ( )3.The film _ is very fun. A. its B. itself C. it D. its ( )4 Who teaches _ math? I teach _. A. your, my self B. you, myself C. you, me D. you, herself ( )5.The father will make _

19、 a bike _. A. her, himself B. she, himself C. her, herself D. she, herself 6. 指示代詞：( ) 1 Who's that at the door? _ is the postman. A. She B. This C. It D. He( ) 2 -Who's that in the picture? A. It's me B. That's I C. This is a boy D. It's I( ) 3 -Look, who is coming? -_ must be o

20、ur English teacher. A. She B. He C. It D. This( ) 4 Someone is knocking at the door, but who can_ be? A. one B. He C. she D. it5、疑問(wèn)代詞：用來(lái)提出問(wèn)題的代詞稱為疑問(wèn)代詞。(1)、who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever主要用于特殊疑問(wèn)句中,一般放在句首?？谡Z(yǔ)中也常用who代替whom作賓語(yǔ),但在介詞后則只能用whom。如：Who(m) did you invite to your birthday pa

21、rty?(你都邀請(qǐng)了誰(shuí)參加你的生日聚會(huì)的？) What does she want to be when she grows up?(她長(zhǎng)大了想干什么？)(2) 、who 和whom只能獨(dú)立使用,其中who可以作句子的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),whom只能作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ).Who is that man?(那男的是誰(shuí)？) What colour are their hats?(他們的帽子是什么顏色？) Which car was made in Germany?(哪輛車(chē)是德國(guó)造的？)(被動(dòng)句) (3) 、which除了可以詢問(wèn)指代的情況之外,還可以針對(duì)說(shuō)明人物的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、歲數(shù)、顏色、大小、狀況

22、等進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。如：練習(xí)( ) 1 _ is the best season of the year? A. When B. What C. Which D. What time( ) 2 -_ is your sister? -She is a nurse. A. What B. Which C. How D. Who( ) 3 -_ colour are your new shoes? -They are brown. A. Any B. Whose C. Which D. What( ) 4 -_ is your classmate John like? -He's very tal

23、l. A. How B. What C. Who D. Which( )5. _ has happened and _ did it? A. Who; who B. What; who C. What; what D. Who; what( )6. Who waiting outside? Please ask them to come in. A. is B. has C. have D. are( )7. -_ is that man over there? -He's Mr Green. A. What B. Which C. How D. Who( )8. -_ is the

24、boy standing there? -He is my brother. A. Which B. What C. How D. Who( )9. Who _ the little American boy over there? A. were B. are C. is D.1 am( )10. Who_these tall men? A. is B. am C. are D. was6、不定代詞：代替或修飾不特指的人或事物的代詞叫不定代詞。單數(shù)含義someanynonone/eacheveryoneeither,neithersothe other,another復(fù)合不定代詞不可數(shù)含義m

25、uchlittle,a littleall/復(fù)數(shù)含義manyfew,a fewonesbothothers,the others注：復(fù)合不定代詞有12個(gè)：something(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(沒(méi)事),nobody(沒(méi)有人), no one(沒(méi)有人), everything(一切), everyone(每個(gè)人), everybody(每個(gè)人). (1)some和 any 的用法：some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“幾個(gè)”、“一些”、“某個(gè)”作定語(yǔ)時(shí)可修飾

26、可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。如 I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)/ They will go there some day.(他們有朝一日會(huì)去那兒) some 用于疑問(wèn)句時(shí),表示建議、請(qǐng)求或希望得到肯定回答。如： Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡嗎？)any 一般用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一個(gè)”,作定語(yǔ)時(shí)可修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。如：They didnt have any friends here. (他們?cè)谶@里沒(méi)有朋友)/ Have you got any questi

27、ons to ask?(你有問(wèn)題要問(wèn)嗎？)any 用于肯定句時(shí),意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.(隨便帶什么朋友來(lái)吧。)(2)no和none的用法：no是形容詞,只能作定語(yǔ)表示,意思是“沒(méi)有”,修飾可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))或不可數(shù)名詞。如： There is no time left. Please hurry up.(沒(méi)有時(shí)間了,請(qǐng)快點(diǎn)) / They had no reading books to lend.(他們沒(méi)有閱讀用書(shū)可以出借)none只能獨(dú)立使用,在句子中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),意思是“沒(méi)有一個(gè)人(或事物)”,表示復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù)。如：None of

28、them is/are in the classroom.(他們當(dāng)中沒(méi)有一個(gè)在教室里) / I have many books, but none is interesting.(我有很多的書(shū),但沒(méi)有一本是有趣的) (3)all和both的用法：all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用來(lái)代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞；也可用來(lái)代替或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。both指兩個(gè)人或物,用來(lái)代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞。all和both在句子中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。如： I know all of the four British students in their school.(他們學(xué)校里四個(gè)英國(guó)學(xué)生我全認(rèn)識(shí)) / -Would

29、 you like this one or that one? Both.(你要這個(gè)還是那個(gè)？?jī)蓚€(gè)都要。)(4)every和each用法：every是形容詞,只能作定語(yǔ)修飾單數(shù)名詞,意思是“每一個(gè)”,表示整體概念；each是形容詞、代詞,可用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等,意思是“每個(gè)”或者“各個(gè)”,表示單個(gè)概念；each可以放在名詞前,可以后跟of短語(yǔ),與動(dòng)詞同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí)要放在“be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞”之后或者行為動(dòng)詞之前(5)either和neither的用法：either意思是“兩個(gè)中間的任何一個(gè)”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“兩個(gè)都不”。neither和either在句子中

30、可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等,都用作單數(shù)。如：I dont care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. -Will you go there by bus or by car? Neither. I will go there by train.(6)other、the other和another的用法：(7)many和much的用法：many意思是“很多”,與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用；much意思是“很多”,與不可數(shù)名詞連用。它們?cè)诰渲锌勺髦髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)等。如： I dont have many friends here.(在這里我沒(méi)有

31、很多的朋友) Many died in the bus accident.(許多人在公交車(chē)禍中喪失) We can learn much with the help of him.(在他的幫助之下我們能學(xué)到很多) (8)few、little、a few、a little的用法：(9)復(fù)合不定代詞somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 構(gòu)成的,叫做復(fù)合不定代詞,在句子中當(dāng)單數(shù)使用。somebody, something, someone

32、 一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的定語(yǔ),應(yīng)放在它們的后面。如：Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door.Did you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?(10) one與ones用來(lái)代替上文的一個(gè)或多個(gè)人或事物,前面可以加冠詞、形容詞、指示代詞、which等。如： Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?(你要哪件夾克,這件還是那件？

33、I dont like the green ones.(我不喜歡綠色的那些)(11) so可以代替一件事情,作句子的賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。 I dont think so.(我認(rèn)為不是這樣的。) / He lost a book. So did I.(他丟失了一本書(shū),我也是。) (12)a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的區(qū)別：五個(gè)“名詞+介詞”短語(yǔ)都表示“大量,許多”,a lot of(或lots of)既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,可以相應(yīng)地?fù)Q為much和many；p

34、lenty of“足夠、大量”,既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。 a number of / large numbers of只可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式(它修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式)可以換為some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of只可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞(它修飾的詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式)可以換為much。 (13)none、no one、nobody的區(qū)別：no one和nobody都表示“沒(méi)有人”,僅指人,后面不跟of 短語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式；none表示“沒(méi)有一個(gè)人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短語(yǔ),作主

35、語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)。如：No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(沒(méi)有人知道他是怎樣搞到那張票的) / Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天沒(méi)有一個(gè)人交作文。) / None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天沒(méi)有一個(gè)朋友來(lái)看我。)9、相互代詞：表示相互關(guān)系的詞叫相互代詞。each other ,one another是相互代詞,譯成“互相”,可以通用。each other表示兩者之間,而one anther表示許

36、多人之間。它們有所有格形式each others ,one anothers。如： We must help each other when we are in trouble.(我們身處困境時(shí)要互相幫助。) They sat there without talking to one another / each other.(他們坐在那兒,互相都不說(shuō)話。)21( ) 1 Listen to me. I have_ to tell you. A. anything new B. something new C. new something D. nothing new( ) 2 By the

37、way, is there _ in today's newspaper? A. something new B. anything new C. new something D. new anything( ) 3 Please be quiet. I have_ to tell you.A. important something B. nothing important C. important anything D. something important( ) 4 I'm not busy. I haven't _ to do.A. something B.

38、everything C. nothing D. anything( ) 5 _ has happened, I want you to tell me about it.A. Something B. Everything C. Anything D. Nothing22( ) 1 Yesterday morning _ boy broke into the garden.A. any B. some C. many D. much( ) 2 _ twenty boys were playing football at that time yesterday.A. Each B. Some

39、C. No one D. Neither( ) 3 Now I have _ questions. Let's go to ask our teacher.A. any B. much C. some D. a lot23( ) 1 If you like these apples, you can take_.A. any B. a lot C. that . D. this( ) 2 I will do_for my motherland.A. anything B. many C. much D. something( ) 3 -Did they find _ in the pa

40、rk?-No, they found_there.A. anybody; nobody B. somebody; everybody C. anybody; somebody D. everybody; anybody24( ) 1 I don't know_ of these people, for they are new workers.A. any B. some C. one D. much( ) 2 He didn't take _ one. They are all here.A. many B. any C. a little D. that( ) 3 1 ha

41、ven't read_ of the books. A few of the books are too difficult for me to read. A. any B. some C. two D. both全章鞏固基礎(chǔ)題：1.You may come to my house _ this week_ next week.A .neither; or B .from ; to C .either ;or D. either; nor2.I dont think we can do it all_ .A. by ourselves B. by myself C. by ourse

42、lf D .by yourselves3.I dont want this shirt. Please show me_A .others B .the others C .another D .the other4.I cant repair the model ship_ . Can you help_?A .me; me B. myself ;myself C .myself ;me D. me ; myself5.Does your brother often wash clothes_?A. he B .himself C. herself D .him6. We study Chi

43、nese,English ,maths and some _ subjects.A .the other B. one C .other D .another7.I have two sisters . _ of them are doctors.A. Both B. All C .Either D. Neither8.The book on the shelf is_.She wrote_ name on its cover .A .Hers ; her ;herself B. Her; hers; herself C. Herself; her; hers D .Her; herself; herself9. “Dont worry . Theres_ much wrong with you.” said the doctor.A. nothing B .everything C. something D