高二英語如何做高中完形填空人教實(shí)驗(yàn)版知識精講

1、高二英語如何做高中完形填空人教實(shí)驗(yàn)版【本講教育信息】一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：如何做高中完形填空二. 完形填空解題步驟 做完形填空試題，切忌邊看短文，邊選答案，因?yàn)檫@樣解題易脫離上下文孤立地看句子，從而出現(xiàn)錯誤。一般地說，解答完形填空題應(yīng)遵循以下四個步驟。 （1）通讀全文，理解大意。文章都有中心議題和中心內(nèi)容。通讀全文，才能全局在胸，理清思路。抓住文章的主線，展開解題思路，可使思維朝著正確的方向發(fā)展。在閱讀中要特別注意提示句，并盡量記憶關(guān)鍵詞、句，力求把文章內(nèi)容串連起來。 （2）邊讀邊想，初選試填遵循詞不離句、句不離文的原則，用平時積累的英語語法和語言知識及根據(jù)文中語義、邏輯和搭配的需要推測選項(xiàng)。在選擇

2、的過程中要先易后難；對少數(shù)難題，可暫定答案，在復(fù)讀全文后分析推敲。 （3）瞻前顧后，尋覓啟示。獲得信息的來源有以下幾個方面：首句提供的信息；通讀全文獲得的信息；已補(bǔ)充完整的句子提供的信息；后文提供的信息；平時積累的日常常識和背景知識提供的信息。對上述信息全面考慮，尋找啟示，選擇選項(xiàng)。 （4）重讀全文，校核答案。重讀信息完整的文章，進(jìn)一步加深對文章的理解。根據(jù)文章的中心思想與各段落之間、前句與后句之間的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系，檢查文章的整體性，也可以從語法、慣用法和固定搭配等方面進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證所選答案，修改不合理部分。三. 以說明文為例進(jìn)行重難點(diǎn)解讀： 能力要求一：把握全文的主旨大意 典型例題剖析： So y

3、ou are attractive and you think you would like to be a model! Are you sure you are the 1 type? Are you fairly tall with a small_2 ? Have you got good legs? Yes？Well, these are only the 3 requirements. 1. A. rightB. justC. unfitD. fair 2. A. neckB. waistC. headD. back 3. A. basicB. seniorC. juniorD.

4、high 解題思路：從第一句可以看出全文要說明做一個模特所應(yīng)具備的身體條件及其它素質(zhì)以及如何逐步成為一名模特。把握了全文的主旨大意我們就能據(jù)此作出選擇。 the right type指下文所提到的身體條件，right“恰當(dāng)?shù)模线m的”這是做模特的第一個條件“個子高，腰不能粗”。 “個子高，腰細(xì)，腿好”是做模特的基本條件，只有這些還不夠。下文要敘述其他的條件。 參考答案：1.A 2.B 3.A 能力要求二：明確上下文的關(guān)系 典型例題剖析： The basic meaning of “pet” is an animal we keep for emotional rather than econo

5、mic reasons. A pet animals is 1 as a companion, and we all need companions to keep us feeling happy. 2 pets offer more than mere companionship: they invite us to love and be loved. 1. A. knownB. looked uponC. treatedD. kept 2. A. ButB. HoweverC. SoD. Otherwise 解題思路：從第一句話可以看出，人們養(yǎng)寵物是出于感情的原因而不是出于經(jīng)濟(jì)的原因。

6、B有一定的干擾性。從空后的and all we need companions to keep us feeling happy看，作者認(rèn)為人們是把寵物作為伴侶來養(yǎng)，而不是把它看作伴侶，因而選kept。 從空后的more than mere companionship看，本句與上句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此選but。 參考答案：1. D 2. A 能力要求三：了解文章篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，利用語篇關(guān)聯(lián)詞 常見的語篇標(biāo)志詞有： 表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的：firstly, secondly, finally等 表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的：besides, further, furthermore, what is more等 典型例題剖析：

7、 People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a 1 problem. They often accept the opinion or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without 2; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all of the

8、se methods 3, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six 4 in analyzing a problem. 5 the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sams bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it as he usually does. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle. 1. A seri

9、ousB. usuallyC. similarD. common 2. A. practiceB. thinkingC. understandingD. help 3. A. failB. workC. changeD. develop 4. A. waysB. conditionC. stagesD. orders 5. A. FirstB. UsuallyC. In generalD. Most important 解題思路：第一段是全文的主題段。概括說明人們遇到問題時的處理辦法。這一段的意思：人們并不總是分析他們遇到的每一個問題。有時候（sometimes），還有時候(other tim

10、es)。當(dāng)所有這些方法不奏效時，他們才開始分析，他們對問題的分析分六個步驟。第二段是第一步，每段的第一句是本段的主題句，然后舉例說明。抓住了文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，就容易把握主題，作出正確的選擇。 參考答案：1. C2. B 3. A 4. C 5. A 能力要求四：推測能力 典型例題剖析： On Wednesday afternoon, Annie took the bus into town to shop in the market. For an hour or so she would _1_ up and down between the stalls _2_ at everything, t

11、aking with salesmen about the _3_ and buying here and there. 1. A. takeB. setC. wakeD. walk 2. A. glancingB. startingC. arrivingD. pointing 3. A. qualityB. quantityC. priceD. value 解題思路：從第一句中的to shop in the market 我們斷定逛商店就是到處走動。 于是我們猜測出她“匆匆看”貨攤的貨物。 與服務(wù)員談?wù)搩r錢后買這買那。 參考答案：1. D 2. A 3.C 能力要求五：文段的整體性和邏輯性

12、典型例題剖析： Nowadays it seems impossible to find a place of real peace and quiet. _1_ we went into the wildness, noise is _2_ with us. Some scientists say unwanted sounds are _3_ every twenty years. 1. A. Now thatB. Since thenC. As ifD. Even if 2. A. everB. howeverC. stillD. already 3. A. reducingB. dou

13、blingC. givingD. making 解題思路：文章第一句交代了主題句。 1. 此處even if引導(dǎo)一個讓步狀語從句。表達(dá)的信息是“即使到荒野外，噪音依然跟隨著你”。 2. still“仍然，依舊”表達(dá)了噪音的無處不在，深化了主題。 3. 從前面的信息可以推測：噪音會隨著時間的推移越來越大，因此在選項(xiàng)中只有doubling能表達(dá)這種意義。 參考答案：1. D 2. C 3. B四. 完型填空解題的技巧小結(jié)： 1. 上下求索尋信息。前面空格的提示很可能在文章的后半部出現(xiàn)。后面的空格也有可能在前面出現(xiàn)。 2. 左顧右盼找答配。答題時注意力不能只集中在一個句子上。一定要左顧右盼。要多從內(nèi)

14、容上考慮問題。完型填空幾乎沒有一道題是考死語法規(guī)則的。 3. 思前想后通全文。選擇答案時，一定要考慮到此選項(xiàng)不但在本句中是可以的，而且要在全文中講得通。 4. 看好第一句。因?yàn)榈谝痪錄]有挖空，它是全文的窗口?！灸M試題】 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從120各題所給的四個選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 Pearls(珍珠) are valuable white gems (寶物) which come from the ocean. Actually they are _1_ by oysters, small shell fish that live on the 2 of th

15、e ocean. _3 oysters（牡蠣，蠔） will make pearls; not all oysters produce them. Oysters produce pearls only when they are 4 by sand. If a 5 of sand enters the oyster's 6 , the oyster becomes hurt because the 7 grain of sand irritates(使不適，刺激) the smooth, soft skin of the oyster. The oyster tries to 8 i

16、tself by producing a white 9 that looks like milk. The oyster covers the 10 with a milky fluid. The fluid protects the oyster. Later the white liquid become 11 . This hardened liquid forms a shell, or bead, around the sand. At this time a pearl is beginning to 12 . The white pearl grows 13 inside th

17、e oyster's shell. 14 , it takes about six or seven years for the oyster to produce a pearl. Not all oysters produce pearls 15 most oysters sometimes take sand into their 16 . Only sand which the oyster cannot get rid of will 17 it. In other words, if an oyster “swallows” some sand, it will manag

18、e to “spit it out”. If the oyster cannot get rid of the 18 , then it will produce the white fluid to 19 itself. Actually, only about one in a thousand oysters will produce a pearl; that is, 20 than one percent. 1. A. inventedB. broughtC. producedD. caused 2. A. bottomB. baseC. floorD. ground 3. A. Only someB. Only fewC. All ofD. A lot of 4. A. harmedB. coveredC. destroyedD. injured 5. A. pieceB. grainC. littleD. bit 6. A. shellB. bod