高一英語必修一定語從句

1、定語從句一基本概念1 .定語從句：在一個主從復(fù)合句中修飾某一個名詞、代詞或修飾整個主句的從句叫定語從 句。換句話說，定語從句就是用來作定語的句子。2 .先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。先行詞前一般用the，但在指“一個”概念時可用a , an 。3 .關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞：連接先行詞和定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞， 根據(jù)其在從句中作用分為 關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞。 若先行詞在從句中作主語、 賓語和定語等，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從 句；若先行詞在從句中作時間狀語、地點狀語和原因狀語等，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句。4 .定語從句的位置：一般緊跟在先行詞后面。但有時因句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，定語從句和先行 詞被某

2、些成分隔開。5 .引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞分為二類：關(guān)系代詞 ：that, which ,who, whom ,whose , as關(guān)系副詞 ：when, where, why二、基本用法1.關(guān)系代詞的基本用法（見下表）關(guān)系代詞從句中作用例句who指人作主語賓語（可省略）1. This is the girl who / that teaches us English. （ who / that指人，修飾先仃詞the girl ,在從句中作主語）2. He is the boy whom / who / that I met yesterday. （ whom / who / that指人,修飾先

3、行詞the boy在從句中彳兵語，whom / who / that可省略。）whom指人作賓語（可省略）whose指人、物作定語3 . This is the girl whose father is an engineer.（whose作定語，用來修飾人）4 . I live in a room whose windows face the south.（whose作定語，用來修飾物， whosewindows = the windows of which或 of which the windows ）which指物作主語賓語（可省略）6. This is the book which /

4、 that I lost yesterday. （which/ that指物，作賓語，可省略）7. The clock is an instrument which / that can tell time.（which / that 指物，作主語）8. Do you know the woman that / who lives next door? （that / who指人，作主語）that指人、物作主語賓語（可省略）as指物作主語、賓語可修飾整個主句9 . This is the same pen as I bought yesterday. （as 指物，在從句中作賓語 ） 10.

5、As we all know, Taiwan is part of China.（as指代整個主句的內(nèi)容）6 .使用關(guān)系代詞時應(yīng)注意的幾個問題：a.在以下幾種情況下只使用that不用which。1 .先行詞是不定代詞時, 如：all, anything, everything, nothing, something, little,few, much 。told him all (that) I know.gave her everything (that) he had.2 .先行詞被 all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修飾時。hav

6、e read all the books (that) you gave me.can take any book (that) you like.3 .先行詞被序數(shù)詞和形容詞的最高級修飾時。1. This is the best book (that) I have ever read.2. The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai.4 .先行詞既有人又有物時。talked about the persons and things (that) we remember in the school.people and the an

7、imals that were killed in the earthquake have all been found. 5.在 Who, Which引起的疑問句中。1. Who is the boy that helped you?2. Which is the book (that) you bought yesterday?6 .若有兩個定語從句，一個用 which引導(dǎo)，另一個須用that引導(dǎo)。He bought a book which could give him knowledge and that could help to kill the time.7 .當(dāng)先行詞在定語從句

8、中作表語時。Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. b.在以下幾種情況下只使用which不用that 。 1.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時。I have lost my pen, which I like very much. (which作賓語， 指代主句中的pen)New concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to all of us.(which作主語，指代整個主句)2 .若有兩個定語從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞是which ,另一個須用that。T

9、he book (that) he bought yesterday was the one (which) he liked best.3 .先行詞在句中作介詞賓語且介詞前置時。This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.c.當(dāng)先行詞為指人的關(guān)系代詞時，引導(dǎo)詞只用who不用that。1. 先行詞為 all, anyone, one / ones, those, people時，須用 who。1. Anyone who knows how to do it can do it now.2. Those who want to see the fil

10、m please put up your hands.3. He, who does not reach the Great Wall, is not a true man.2 .在非限制性定語從句中，須用who。Tom' s father, who is over sixty, still works hard.3 .在被分隔的定語從句中，須用who。A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.4 .在以there be 開頭的句子中，多用who。There is a stranger who wants to

11、 see our headmaster.5 .若有兩個定語從句，其中一個關(guān)系代詞是that ,另一個須用 who。The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that studies very hard.d. as和which的使用場合。aswhich引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句可放在句首或句中不能放在句首修飾“積極的”方面修飾“消極的”方面在句中含義意為“正如”、“就像”無此意常用的搭配常和 such, so, the same等連用無此用法“+ be + 過去分詞”結(jié) 構(gòu)“be”可以省略“be”不能省略表小狀態(tài)的動詞as i

12、s said above,as already mentioned aboveas is often the caseas it isas is known to all無此用法都能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代整個句子的內(nèi)容如： As we all know, he studies very hard.比較： He studies very hard, as / which we all know.I ' ve never seen such a clever man as he is.He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn ' t l

13、ike.He was late, which made the teacher angry.The bridge is really wonderful, as （is） shown in the picture.The experiment is very important, as indeed it is.e. the same as 和 the same that 的不同。This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.這本書和我昨天借給你的相似。（相似物）This is the same book that I lent you yeste

14、rday. 這正是我昨天借給你的那本書。（同一物）【小試牛刀】I .用關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, that, which, whose, as 填空。1. The earthquake shook the city in 1906 was the biggest in Americanhistory.2. We don ' t know the number of people lost their homes in the earthquake.3. The house they built in 1937 is still in very good condition.4. T

15、he house is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.5. The boy father is a teacher is very clever.6. A clock is a machine tells people the time.7. Our village is no longer the one it used to be.house he is looking for is very expensive.9. Do you know the man houses are all broken?10.is known to

16、 all, the moon travels round the earth once very month.不填 4. that/ which 5. whose【答案】1. that/ which 2. who/ that 3. that/ which /6. that / which 7. that /不填 8. that / which /不填 9. whose 10. asII.把下面各組句子合并成含有定語從句的復(fù)合句She is going to sing a song.The school stands near the river.Her father is a doctor.T

17、he bike has been stolen.I lent it to you this morning.1. The girl is not here.2. The school is a big one.3. The girl works very hard.4. My uncle bought the bike last week.5. The pen is very old.III .翻譯下面句子1 .剛才作演講的那個教授已經(jīng)走了。2 .你認(rèn)識那個母親是老師的女孩嗎？3 .鳥是一種能飛的動物。4 .我上周買的那支鋼筆很便宜。5 .門朝北開的那間房子已經(jīng)被賣了?！敬鸢浮?. The p

18、rofessor that / who made the speech just now has left.2. Do you know the girl whose mother is a teacher?3. A bird is an animal which / that can fly.4. The pen (that / which) I bought last week is very cheap.5. The room whose door faces north has been sold.3.關(guān)系副詞的基本用法關(guān)系副詞從句中作用例句when作時間狀語I remember th

19、e days when I stayed there.where作地點狀語This is the room where I lost my pen.why作原因狀語This is the reason why he was late.思考：同樣是表示地點的先行詞，為何有時候用關(guān)系代詞that, which ,有時候用關(guān)系副詞where ?同樣是表示時間的先行詞，為何有時候用關(guān)系代詞that, which ,有時候用關(guān)系副詞when?請對比以下幾組句子："I have found the factory that / which he visited last week.I have

20、found the factory where he stayed last week. The days that / which I spent there are unforgettable.1. The days when I stayed there are unforgettable.The reason that / which he told me for his being late is that he got up late.I The reason why he was late is that he got up late.說明：當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在定語從句中作主語，賓語或表語

21、時，盡管先行詞是時間名詞，地點名詞或表示原因的名詞，我們?nèi)匀皇褂藐P(guān)系代詞that, which。這主要根據(jù)從句中的謂語動詞是及物的還是不及物的。注意：1 .當(dāng)用作關(guān)系副詞，若修飾表示的名詞time , day, moment way時，用that代替when / why 等。如：It happened on the day that/ when I was born.I don ' t like the way (that / in which) you speak to your mother.4.由介詞+which / whom 引導(dǎo)的定語從句介詞一般由定語從句的動詞而定。He i

22、s the boy whom / who / that we are talking about=He is the boy about whom we are talking.The pen which /that I wrote the article with is gone.=The pen with which I wrote the article.幾種特殊的情況：a.由when, where, why 引導(dǎo)的定語從句常?？梢蕴鎿Q成“介詞 + which / whom 的形式”： when = in / on / at which, where = in / on / at +wh

23、ich, why = for whichb. whose+ n.= the+ n. + of whom / which = of whom / which + the + n.如：whose father = the father of whom = of whom the fatherwhose window = the window of which =of which the windowc.由介詞短語+whom/which引起的定語從句This is our classroom, in front of which there is a garden.The building at t

24、he back of which is a lake is our chemistry lab building.He lives on a mountain on top of which there is a temple.d.數(shù)詞/代詞+介詞+which/ whom 引起的定語從句I have some books, one of which is in English.She has many friends, all of whom are in the same class.( 比較： She has many friends. All of them are in the sam

25、e class.)但有些短語動詞中的介詞不能提前，因為其短語拆開后完全改變了原來的意思。This is the book that / which I ' m looking forThere are many patients that the nurses look after.5. what在其引導(dǎo)的從句中作定語What在它所引導(dǎo)的主語從句、賓語從句或表語從句中作主語、賓語或表語外，還可作定語。如：Don' t worry. I will give you what help I can.別擔(dān)心，我會近我所能幫你。=any help that 或 as much help

26、 asWhat在從句中作定語時，還可于 few, little連用修飾名詞，表示“盡管不多，但已經(jīng)全部”。如：I will lend you what few books I can spare.我愿把為數(shù)不多的書全部借給你。=all the few books thatWe contributed what little money we had towards the flood-stricken area.=all the little money that【小試牛刀】IV.用關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why 填空1. Do you still remember the pla

27、ce you were born?2. I don ' t remember the date _ my father were born.3. Yesterday we went to visit the house the great writer used to live.4. Do you know the reason he killed himself?5. He was born in the year the Second World War broke out.6. He always wants to go to his hometown and visited t

28、he place he grewup.7. Kunming is a beautiful city flowers are seen all the year round.8. The children today are lucky as they are living in a time our countryis open to the outside world.9. Please tell me the reason he is angry.10. This kind of programme will be well received in the countries manyCh

29、inese are living.【答案】1. where 2. when 3. where 4. why 5. when 6. where 7. where8. when 9. why 10. whereV.翻譯下面句子1 我已經(jīng)找到了我朋友居住的那間房子了。2你記得你媽媽出生的日期嗎？3請告訴我你買到那塊手表的地方。4我不喜歡他的原因是他太笨了。5上海是個大城市，在那里你可以見到許多外國人。【答案】1. I have found the room where my friends once lived.2. Do you still remember the date when your

30、mother was born?3. Please tell me the place where you bought the watch.4. The reason why I don t like him is that he is too stupid.5. Shanghai is a big city, where you can see many foreigners.VI 用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1. The first lesson the old professor taught was not easily2. Mr. White told his wife the person

31、s and things he saw in China.3. Who is the girl shook hands with our headmaster?4. The report they are listening to is very important.5. Do you know the reason _he didn t come to school last week?6. Did you understand the last report was made by the foreigner?7. Would you please lend me the same boo

32、k he has borrowed?8. Please tell us the days we are going to have our exams.9. The factory makes bikes was built in 1930.10. He told me everything he had seen in the accident.11. The camp was full of people homes had been destroyed.12. Tom is the student with I want to have a talk.13. Do you remembe

33、r the village we worked last summer?14. Do you remember the village we visited last summer?15. Do you remember the days we spent together last summer?【答案】1. (that)2. (that) 3. that4. (that / which)5. why/ that7. as8. when 9. which / that10. (that)11. whose13. where 14. (that / which)15. (that / whic

34、h)【強(qiáng)化練習(xí)】I. 不定項選擇forgotten.6. which12. whom1. The old lady is his grandmother.A. you talked B. that you talked aboutC.you talked to herD.youtalked to2. A man Jack went to Qingdao for a holiday yesterday.A. who' s name is B. who his name isC.whose name isD.hisname is3. He lives in a room door is b

35、roken.A. whoseB. whichC. itsD. that4. We visited the factory makes toys for children.A. whereB. whichC. in whichD. that5. The film last night was wonderful.A. which we sawB. that we sawC. which was shown D. that was shown6. I ' ll never forget the place I visited ten years ago.D. whatD. for whic

36、hD. whoD. whomD. itsA. where B. thatC. in which7. Sep. 18, 1995 is a daywe' ll never forget.A. whenB. in whichC. that8. The girl you met just now is very interesting.A. whichB. thatC. whom9. The factory you visited yesterday was built in 1930.A. whoB. whichC. that10. There is a mountain top is a

37、lways covered with snow.A. of whichB. whoseC. it ' s11. The car ran over a boy and a dog were just crossing the street.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. which12. The lessons were not easily forgotten.A. which he taught B. which were taught C. that were taughtD. thathe taught13. The student is a three-good

38、student.A. whose parents diedB. who you metC. whom you metD. who we were talking about14. I want to go and thank the woman helped me.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. whose son15. The man was a friend of mine.A. that you just talked toC. who you just talked to him【答案】1. BD 2. C 3. A4. BDB. whom you just talke

39、d to himD. which you just talked to him5. ABCD 6. B 7. C 8. BCD 9. BC 10. B11. C 12. ABCDV.各地模擬題匯編1. This is Mr. White, 淀4月卷)A. which2. Sales of CDs have13. ABCD 14. ABDthink15. Ahas something interesting to tell you.( 海toenjoyB. whomgreatlytheincreasedC. thatD. whosince the early 1990s,advantagesof

40、thispeople begantechnology.（東城5月卷）A. andB. whenC. whichD. because3. I d like to live somewhere the sun shines all year long. （ 西城 5 月卷 ）A. whichB. thatC. whereD. in which4. In Wasdale there is a mysterious dark lake, depth has never beenmeasured.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose（ 海淀 5 月卷 ）5. Is it the

41、 years you worked in the factory have a great effecton your literary works?（ 湖北八校一模卷 ）A. that; whereB. that; thatC. when; where D. when; that6. He won t want to eat it unless he s really hungry, in case he ll eatalmost anything.A. whatB. thatC. whoseD. which （ 蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)一模卷 ）7. Government reports, legal p

42、apers and most business letters are the main situations Englishisused. （ 黃岡卷 ）A. whenB. thatC. howD. where8. Europe has achieved more in controlling the AIDS virus than Asia in the past ten years, the number of people infected with the virus is going up sharply.（ 南京二模卷）A. whenB. thatC. so thatD. whe

43、re9. The soldiers soon reached was once an old temple the villages usedas a school.（汕頭卷 ）A. which; where B. what; whichC. where; which D. what; where10. This is an unpleasant subject we might argue for a long while. （ 廣州二模卷）A. in whichB. with themC. about which D. with it11. After all, with the help

44、 of my computer brain never forgets anything,IQ is I m all about.（湖北宜昌三模卷）A. that; whatB. what; whatC. what; thatD. that; where12. It was the third night we were staying in our seaside but thetsunami （ 海 嘯 ） struck the whole village.（ 蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)二模卷）A. when; when B. when; whatC. what; thatD. that; that13.

45、I usually enjoy these dinners, unless I have to make speech, in caseI worry through the meal.（煙臺三模卷）A. thatB. thisC. whichD. any14. The small mountain village we spent our holiday last month lies inis now part of Hubei.（湖 北八校二模卷）A. which; where B. where; what C. that; whichD. when; which15. The pres

46、ident stood by a window inside the room, , looking over thesquare.A. where I enteredB. into which I enteredC. which I enteredD. that I entered（成都三模卷 ） 16. Barbara went to the States a couple of years ago, by time she had learnedto dance and act in comedies.（福建卷 ）A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whose17. The