(完整版)完整全面定語從句知識點

1、The Attributive Clause定語從句：在英語復(fù)合句中，由關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)，修飾句中的名詞、代詞，有時也修飾主句的一部份或整個句子的從句稱為定語從句。它分為：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的那個詞稱為先行詞。關(guān)系代詞：which, that, who, whom, whose,as （在句中充當(dāng)成分，可作主語，賓語，表語，定語）關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why,在句中只作狀語。e.g. She is an English teacher who likes singing songs.3 I -"先行詞.定語從句引導(dǎo)詞（從句中做主語）關(guān)系詞的作用

2、：1.引導(dǎo)定語從句；2.代替先行詞；3.在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分e.g. This is the best film that I have seen.I關(guān)系代詞（1）who, whom 引導(dǎo)的定語從句who指人作主語/賓語（可省略）介詞在前不可使用whom指人賓語（可省略）介詞后不可省略a. What ' s the name of the gwh o just came in?b. Do you know the student to_ whom Jane is talking?(不能用 who) (2)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句一主語不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語that人或物賓語從句，不位于介詞后

3、。表語a. Here is the money that/which will be given to you.b. Do you like the book (that/which) you borrowed yesterday?c. He is no longer the boy that he used to be.which引導(dǎo)的定語從句which指物主語或賓語（可省略）在介詞后不可省略a. The building which /that stands near the river is our school.b. The room in which there are a lot

4、of books is a reading room.(4)whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句whose是關(guān)系代詞 who與which的所有格形式，用作名詞的限定語，whose指人或物，在從句中作定語。Have you seen a dictionary whose covers blue?(the cover of which is blue)?A whose經(jīng)常后接名詞，這結(jié)構(gòu)可以用 the+名詞+ of+whom/which來替換，意義不變。也就是說，表示所屬關(guān) 系,whose + n. = of which/ whom + the + n.=the + n+ of which/ whom e.g

5、. He is an J whose daughter studies abroad. excellent teacher, I the daughter of whom studies abroad.【練習(xí)】 1. There are in this class 20 students,are different.A. whose backgroundsB. the backgrounds of whomC. of whom the backgroundsD. the backgrounds of whose2. They live in a house, whose door faces

6、south.=_They live in a house,=_They live in a house,(5)非限制性定語從句中，要表示先行詞的一部分時，可用數(shù)詞/代詞+ of +關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，如：e.g. There are 60 students in our class, two thirds of whom have been to Beijing【練習(xí)】 1. The committee consists of 20 members, 5 of are women.3. The book contains 50 poems, most of was written in 1930

7、s.4. There are two left, one of is almost finished, and the other of is not quite.5. I have a sentence, the meaning of I don' t understand.=I don ' t understand.【總結(jié)】名詞/代詞/數(shù)，sj + of +which/whom 表示：1)所有關(guān)系 2)整體與部分關(guān)系【注意】關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句時，要注意幾點：1. whom, which作介詞賓語時，介詞一般可以放在它們的前面，也可以放在從句原來的位置上，但是含有介詞 的動

8、詞固定詞組中，介詞應(yīng)該放在原來的位置上。There is a room in which you can study.| which you can study in.Rose is the student after whom you should look. X/of whom you should take care.XRose is the student whom you should 100k after/take care of. V2. 只用that不用which的情況：1) .當(dāng)先行詞是不定代詞時，如： all, everything, anything, nothing,

9、much, few, little, none, the one 等。 All that can be done has been done.2) .先行詞前有few, little, no, all, every 等詞修飾時。There is no difficulty that we can' t overcome.3)先行詞被 the only, the very, the right, just the, one of 等修飾時。This is the very book that belongs to him.This is one of the toys that inte

10、rest the boy.4) .先行詞被序數(shù)詞first, last,等或形容詞的最高級修飾時。This is the first/best letter that I' ve written in English.5) .當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時。They talked about the teachers and the schools (that) they had visited.6) .當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語時。China isn ' t the country that she used to be 50 years ago.7)當(dāng)主句是 以who, which,或

11、what開頭的特殊疑問句時。Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop?What did you hear that made you so angry ? Which is the book that you need?8)there be句型中，先行詞指物時。There is a seat in the corner that is still free.只用which不用that的情況1)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。His money was stolen by a thief, which made him very sad.2) .當(dāng)關(guān)系代

12、詞前有介詞。This is the factory in which my mother works.3) .當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時。What' s that which flashed in the sky just now.4) .當(dāng)關(guān)系詞后有插入語時This is the dictionary which, as I have told you, is helpful for you.5) .為避免重復(fù)The book that I gave you just now is about computer science which is very important.只用who

13、不用that的情況1)當(dāng)先行詞是 one ,ones,anyone,those 或 people 時Anyone who breaks the rule must be punished.God help those who help themselves.2)當(dāng)先行詞是I, he, they,you等時(常用于諺語中)? He who plays with fire gets burned.? I, who am your friend, will give you a hand when you are in trouble.3)在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，先行詞指人時。There is a

14、 stranger who wants to see our manager.4)在非限制性定語從句中Fangfang, who is a writer , now lives in America.5)為避免重復(fù)或怕引起歧義.The man that spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster who has just come from Shanghai.注意：關(guān)系代詞 who,which, that,在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)必須必須和先行詞保持一致。? Anyone who _is_ over 20 can join the a

15、rmy.? I_,who _am_ your friend , will help you.【練習(xí)】1. This is one of the best books.A. that have ever been writtenB. that has ever been writtenC. that has writtenD. that have writtenA. which singsC. who sings2. She is the only one of the girls well in class.B. who singD. who to singII關(guān)系副詞的用法When:指時間在

16、從句中充當(dāng)時間狀語(=at/in/on /during which)Where:指地點在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語(=in/at/to which)Why:指原因在從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(=for which)I will never forget that day when I joined the party.This is the house where he was born.Tell me the reason why you were late this morning.【注意】：1.先行詞是 時間名詞“如在從句中做中語：表語或賓語,關(guān)系詞用 which/that ,作狀語用 when或介詞+

17、 which。 I ' ll never forget the days we spent on that lonely island. I ' ll never forget the day I joined the Party.2.先行詞是 地點名詞”，如在從句中作書語.表語或賓語.關(guān)系詞用 which/that ,作狀語用 where或介詞+ which。 That is the factory produces 100,000TV sets a year. That is the factory his father once worked.補充 如果定語從句分另1J修

18、飾point, situation, stage, condition 和 case等表示抽象意義的詞， 常用 where 弓I導(dǎo)，意思是 到了某種地步，在某種境況中"，where在從句中充當(dāng)狀語。1 . I' ve come the point where I can ' t stand him.已經(jīng)到了無法容忍他的地步了。2 . The country is in t he situation where a war will break out at any time.國家正處在隨時有可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭的局勢中。3 .先行詞是 reason,關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語用wh

19、y或for + which 。作主語，表語或賓語，用 which/that.? This is the reason he told me yesterday.? This is the reason he was late for the meeting.4 .當(dāng)主句主語是 reason時，作主句表語的成分不能有because和because of 。其結(jié)構(gòu)一般為the reason why - isthat ，或者 the reason thatthais，1) The reason he was absent was he was ill.2) The reason he told us

20、 for his absence is he was ill.A. why/because B. why/thatC. that/because D. that/that5. the way , timea. the way 作先行詞，關(guān)系詞用：that/ in which/ 不填b. time表示 次數(shù)”，關(guān)系詞用：that/不填1) I don ' t understand twey they worked out the problem.2) I could hardly remember how many times I' ve failed.3) I don '

21、; t like the way he looks at me.A. in that B. which C. of which D. /【練習(xí)】J This is the reason he gave me.This is the reasonhe was late.At This is the factory myfather worked.This is the factory myfather visited .October 1 is a day wewill never forget.I October 1 is a day ournew China wasfounded.HI 介詞

22、+關(guān)系代詞(+which/whom/whose )知識歸納：當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語，且該介詞不是和從句的謂語動詞構(gòu)成固定短語時，介詞可以提前，這樣就出現(xiàn)"介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 ”。先行詞指物，用"介詞+which/whose", 指人則用 "介詞+whom/whose", 且關(guān)系代詞均不能 省略.1. The person _to whom I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.2. The pencil _with which he was writing broke.3This

23、 is the boss _in whose company his elder sister is working.如何判斷介扁一1)、看定語從句中動詞與介詞的固定搭配(注意：動詞短語不能拆開，即介詞不能提前)The gentleman you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whomThe old man whom I am _ looking after is better.2)看定語從句中形容詞與介詞的固定搭配He referred me to some refere

24、nce books _with _ which I am not very familiar .3)、根據(jù)先行詞判斷，所用的介詞與先行詞的固定 搭配He has not reached the age, _at_ which he can marry.4)根據(jù) 介詞+關(guān)系代詞”在主從句中的作用及意義。Water, _without which_ _ man can not live, is very important for us.5)the+名詞+of+關(guān)系代詞1） Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,B_ was very reasonab

25、le.A. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whose2） This is the boy C _ the bike was stolen yesterday.A. whom B. whose C. of whom D. of whose6）表示部分的詞語+ of+關(guān)系代詞知識歸納：此時，指人的關(guān)系代詞只能是whom,指事物的關(guān)系代詞只能是which。表示部分的詞語 常見的有：不定代詞 all, both, none, neither, either, some, any 數(shù)，（含基數(shù)詞，序數(shù)詞，分?jǐn)?shù)和百分

26、數(shù)）數(shù)詞 +名詞 the +最高級 /比較級 ； 以及 表示數(shù)目或數(shù)量的詞語many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter等。1. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80%are sold abroad.A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that2. There are many professors present at the meeting,some are from Beijing Unive

27、rsity.A. of whomB. among whom C. of them D. among whichIV關(guān)于as引導(dǎo)定語從句的問題 as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句主要用于the same - as, such/so - as, asas的結(jié)構(gòu)中。在 same, such, so, as 之后應(yīng)是名詞或形容詞+名詞1. We are facing the same problems as we did years ago.2. Some people have no doubt that their cat understands _as_ many words as a dog does.3

28、. We hope to get such a tool as he is using.4. He is so lovely a child as is liked by all of us.考點 1: the same. as 和 the same .that的用法辨異.? This is the same book as I lost.這本書和我丟的那本一樣。（同名異物）? This is the same book that I lost.這本書就是我丟的那本。（同名異物）考點 2: such/so.as 和 such/so.that 的用法辨異.This is such an inte

29、resting book as we all like.This is so interesting a book as we all like.【解析】這是大家都喜歡的如此有趣的一本書。（定語從句，as在從句中充當(dāng)成分）This is such an interesting book that we all like iLThis is so interesting a book that we all like it.【解析】這本書如此有趣，大家都喜歡。（結(jié)果狀語從句，that在從句中不充當(dāng)成分）【練習(xí)】1. He is such a lazy man nobody wants to wo

30、rk with.A. as; himB. that; /C. as; /D. whom; him2. Mrs. Black took the police back to place she witnessed the robbery.A. the same; as B. the same; whereC. the same ; that D. as the same; asas與which都可以引導(dǎo)一個非限制性定語從句，并代表前面整個句子。The elephant is like a snake, as/which everybody can see.不同的是： as引導(dǎo)的定語從句可以前置，

31、而 which 不行。As everybody can see, the elephant is like a snake【注意】1）當(dāng)從句的謂語是否鋁形式或表示否鋁意義時一只能用which oHe made a long speech at the meeting, _which_ we had not expected./ _which_ was unexpected.2）當(dāng)從句的謂語后接一個復(fù)合賓語（賓補）時，只能用 which oHe admires everyone in the class, _which I find quite strange.3） which引導(dǎo)的從句與主句是

32、 因果關(guān)系或從句是對主句的評論 ,常解釋為 “_這，這一點 "，Tom didn ' t pass the examh ich made his parents very disappointed. He must come from the north, which can be judged from his accent.4） as引導(dǎo)的從句與主句是 _一致關(guān)系,as常解釋為正如的那樣”,正彳象”。如：as is known to all, as we all know, as has been said before, as was expected, as is s

33、aid above, as is mentioned above, as is reported in the newspaper 等e.g. As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.【補充】一：定語從句與強調(diào)句區(qū)別和混合1. It is the place where Luxun was born.（定語從句）2.It is in the place _ that _ Luxun was born.（強調(diào)句型）二：定語從句與同位語從句定語從句與前面的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系“的（名詞）”。而同位語從句是用來說明

34、前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表事實或概念的抽象名詞，如 fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定語從 句中充當(dāng)成分，而that在同位語從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，只起連接作用。 We all have heard the news that our team won.（同位語從句，that從句表示 news的內(nèi)容，that 在從句中不作任何成分 ） We don't believe the news _that/ which/ 不填 _ he told us yesterday.（定語從句.that 作told 的賓語）三：定

35、語從句與表語從句The place the bridge is supposed to be built should be the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.A. which; whereB. where; at whichC. at which; where D. which; in which句子意思：建設(shè)大橋的地方應(yīng)該是過河交通最擁擠的地方。第一空屬于定語從句；第二空屬于表語從句，而且結(jié)合語境此處缺少狀語。故此選擇 whereo四：定語從句與主語從句As is known to us all, paper was first made in

36、 China.（as.引導(dǎo)定語定句，.指代整個.主句內(nèi)容應(yīng)置王句首）Itis known to us all that paper was first made in China.（it 一做形.式主語,一.代替一 that .引導(dǎo)的主語從句.）五：定語從句與狀語從句試比較： He left the key where he had been an hour before.（where引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句，相當(dāng)于 in the place where） He left the place _where/ in which he lived for many years.（where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾 the place） He is such