呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病及其它細(xì)菌性疾病萎縮性鼻炎ppt課件

1、ppt課件.1Respiratory disease - Atrophic rhinitis呼吸道疾病萎縮性鼻炎ppt課件.2Respiratory disease 呼吸道疾病nMost common and costly disease in growing pigs. 成長(zhǎng)豬最常見而損失慘重的疾病。nOutcome of high density, high population, growing barns, magnified by multiple sources. 由于密度過(guò)高、豬群過(guò)大、圈舍增加等原因?qū)е卤静。嘣匆N可擴(kuò)大本病的發(fā)生率。nVery influenced by m

2、anagement. 管理對(duì)本病的發(fā)生有極大的影響。nBacterial tend to be chronic and viral more acute. 細(xì)菌性疾病趨向于慢性，而病毒性則為急性。ppt課件.3nFive Main Diseases: 五種主要疾病：五種主要疾?。篈trophic Rhinitis 萎縮性鼻炎Enzootic Pneumonia 地方性肺炎Pleuropneumonia 胸膜肺炎Interstitial Pneumonia 間質(zhì)性肺炎nPRRS 繁殖與呼吸障礙綜合征nInfluenza 流行性感冒nUncommon:不常見的：不常見的：Ascaris larva

3、e migration 蛔蟲蚴蟲移行Metastrongylus 后圓線蟲屬感染A. suis豬放線桿菌Nitrates 硝酸鹽中毒Toxoplasma 弓形體Salmonella cholerasuis 豬霍亂沙門氏菌PRV/ADV 偽狂犬病毒Paramyxovirus 副粘病毒ppt課件.4Two forms of the disease疾病的兩種型nRegressive AR: 可恢復(fù)性萎縮性鼻炎：mild, regressive lesions, no impact on performance 損傷輕微，可以恢復(fù)，對(duì)生產(chǎn)沒有影響nProgressive AR: 進(jìn)行性萎縮性鼻炎：Se

4、vere, non-resolving lesions, growth of animals severely delayed 損傷嚴(yán)重，不可恢復(fù)，動(dòng)物生長(zhǎng)嚴(yán)重延緩Historically very important, but has practically disappeared in many countries 在歷史上占有重要地位，但是現(xiàn)實(shí)中在許多國(guó)家本病已經(jīng)消失ppt課件.5Mild (regressive) form輕微（可恢復(fù)）型nBordetella bronchiseptica支氣管敗血性博代氏桿菌First recognized pathogen of AR 最初被認(rèn)為萎

5、縮性鼻炎的病原體Colonizes nasal mucosa readily - colonizes pigs within 2-3 weeks of birth 容易定居于鼻粘膜定居于23周齡豬Cytoadherence (fimbriae) 嗜細(xì)胞性（毛緣）Toxigenic properties 產(chǎn)生毒素nWill produce mild to severe, transient lesions by itself in young pigs對(duì)仔豬造成輕微到嚴(yán)重的短暫性損傷By destroying osteoblasts-inhibition of bone deposition 破

6、壞成骨細(xì)胞抑制骨質(zhì)沉積Inflames nasal mucosa and may help other organisms to attach to the epithelium due to its effect of enhancing mucus production to which other bacteria may attach 使鼻粘膜發(fā)炎，而且通過(guò)促進(jìn)鼻液分泌對(duì)其它細(xì)菌的侵襲提供條件進(jìn)而幫助其它細(xì)菌侵襲上皮細(xì)胞ppt課件.6Severe (progressive) form嚴(yán)重（進(jìn)行性）型nColonizes normal nasal epithelium poorly -

7、may colonize adult animals 在正常的鼻上皮細(xì)胞中不易定居可能定居于成年動(dòng)物Type D, some type A also D型，有些是A型nToxin given alone to gnotobiotic pigs produces classical AR lesions 在無(wú)菌豬僅給予毒素就會(huì)產(chǎn)生典型的萎縮性鼻炎病變ppt課件.7Toxin comparison 毒素比較ppt課件.8Diagnosis of progressive form漸進(jìn)型診斷nClinical signs are not diagnostic - differentiation of

8、regressive and progressive forms is needed 臨床癥狀診斷意義不大需要鑒別診斷可恢復(fù)型和漸進(jìn)型nSlaughter check 20-30 hogs 屠宰2030頭豬來(lái)檢查Subjective scoring of snouts: 豬嘴主觀評(píng)級(jí)nBritish System0-5 scale 英國(guó)體系 05級(jí)nU.S.A. System - measure the space in mm. 美國(guó)體系以mm來(lái)測(cè)量nSaw noses at level of first/second upper premolar 第一/第二上前臼齒的位置來(lái)鋸鼻子nAt th

9、e same time, try to isolate Pm from live pigs 同時(shí)從活豬中設(shè)法分離多殺性巴氏桿菌Swabbing/culturing noses:作拭子/培養(yǎng) 鼻黏液nMany commercial herds will yield BB on culture 許多商品豬群能培養(yǎng)出BBnTry to determine if toxigenic Pm is present - ELISA test 設(shè)法確定是否存在產(chǎn)毒素的Pm-ELISA測(cè)試nBest test: PCR 最佳檢測(cè)方法：PCRnNo serological monitoring yet 尚無(wú)血清學(xué)

10、檢測(cè)ppt課件.9Treatment (progressive)治療（進(jìn)行性型）nPiglets小豬小豬Potentiated sulfonamides (residue problem) 用磺胺類藥物來(lái)預(yù)防（藥物殘留問題）Trimethoprim/sulfadoxine 甲氧芐氨嘧啶/磺胺多辛Oxytetracycline (long-acting) 土霉素（長(zhǎng)效）nGiven on days 2, 7, 14 and 21 第2、7、14和21天給藥Spectinomycin 10 mg/kg 奇放線菌素 10mg/kgNaxcell (cephalosporin) Naxcell（頭孢菌

11、素）nWeaners/Growers/Sows: 斷奶仔豬斷奶仔豬/成長(zhǎng)豬成長(zhǎng)豬/經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬：經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬：Sulfas in feed or water (residues) 磺胺類藥物伴料或飲水（藥物殘留問題）Chlortetracycline 400 mg/ton, Oxytetracycline 20 mg/kg 氯四環(huán)素400mg/噸，土霉素20mg/kg Treatment is difficult and requires high doses of antibiotics 難以治療而且需要大量的抗生素ppt課件.10Control 防制nVaccination is most eff

12、ective when combined with appropriate management changes 結(jié)合適當(dāng)?shù)墓芾砀倪M(jìn)，接種疫苗最有效nSow Vaccination: 經(jīng)產(chǎn)母豬疫苗接種：Effective, produces maternal immunity 有效，產(chǎn)生母源免疫BB bacterin alone is not very useful 單獨(dú)應(yīng)用BB疫苗作用不大BB/Pm vaccine/toxoid - this is usually effective BB/Pm疫苗/類毒素通常有效n5 and 2 weeks before farrowing 產(chǎn)仔前5周和2

13、周nMay not prevent infection, but will prevent lesions 不能預(yù)防感染，但是能防止病變發(fā)生nEffectiveness of vaccines is correlated with amount of toxoid 疫苗的效果與類毒素的含量有關(guān)nPiglet Vaccination 小豬疫苗接種Only in Pm + farms 只用于Pm陽(yáng)性豬場(chǎng)Probably 4 and 6 weeks of age (maternal immunity vs. exposure) 大概4和6周齡（母源免疫拮抗感染）nSEW 早期隔離斷奶Usually

14、effective at controlling AR, both in 10-day and 15-day weaning schemes 通常在10日和15日斷奶的豬場(chǎng)對(duì)防制萎縮性鼻炎有效ppt課件.11nSneezing & snuffling in baby pigs 仔豬打噴嚏和流涕indicates acute catarrhal rhinitis 表現(xiàn)急性卡他性鼻粘膜炎can continue throughout growing period 存在于整個(gè)生長(zhǎng)期nVariable amounts of serous, mucopurulent nasal discharg

15、e 數(shù)量不等的漿液、粘液性鼻粘膜分泌物nOccasional epistaxis 偶爾鼻出血nWrinkled skin over shortened snout 豬嘴縮短而皮膚皺襞nLateral deviation of snout 豬嘴不對(duì)稱nDirty epiphora streaks on face 豬臉部有骯臟的淚條痕nBrachygnathia superior (pushed up face) 下頜突出（臉部上翻）Clinical signs 臨床癥狀ppt課件.12Necropsy cut at 1st cheek tooth尸體剖檢第一尸體剖檢第一臼齒臼齒位置鋸斷位置鋸斷n

16、Turbinate atrophy of varying severity 鼻甲骨不同程度的萎縮Mild: ventral scroll of ventral turbinates 輕微：腹側(cè)的鼻甲骨萎縮Moderate: ventral scrolls plus one or both sides of dorsal turbinates 中等：腹側(cè)的鼻甲骨以及背側(cè)的鼻甲骨一側(cè)或雙側(cè)萎縮Severe: complete absence of all turbinates 嚴(yán)重：所有鼻甲骨完全消失 nBowing or buckling of nasal septum may also occ

17、ur 鼻中隔也可能彎曲或瓢曲ppt課件.13Histopathology 組織病理學(xué)nFibrous replacement of bony plates of ventral conchae (classical pathognomonic lesion)腹側(cè)的半圓狀骨板被纖維素取代（典型的病理變化）nVariable metaplasia with various mixtures of degenerative, inflammatory, dystrophic and reparative processes. Experimentally, toxins can produce metaplasia of epitheli