沖刺卷07-決戰(zhàn)2020年高考英語沖刺卷(山東專版)(解析版)

1、決戰(zhàn) 2020 年高考沖刺卷（07）英語（山東專版）（考試時間：100 分鐘 試卷滿分：120 分）第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50 分 ）第一節(jié)（共15 小題 ;每小題 2.5 分，滿分37.5 分 ）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、 B、 C、 D 四個選項中選出最佳選項。ALet s Go and Fly a Kite at Piedmont Middle School celebs ration of kites!Come and learn how to build all sorts of kites, from the simplest diamond-shaped kites to

2、 the most complex box kites. Stay as long as you like and build as many kites as you want. Once you have finished a kite, get advice on flying techniques from kite expert Lorena Hallsberg. The celebration will be at Piedmont Middle School,151 Piedmont School Drive.The Piedmont Middle School Parent T

3、eacher Organization （PTO）has organized a refreshment（ 茶點 ）tent. All profits will benefit future PTO activities. Take a break from kite flying and drink some lemonade! While you are doing so, why not join the PTO? Membership is free; you just donate your time. Show your support for Piedmont Middle Sc

4、hool by joining the PTO this Saturday!When: Saturday,April 11,from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.Where: Piedmont Middle SchoolWhy: For fun!Cost: Free, thanks to a generous gift from Bizarco Kite Company!Schedule9:00 a.m. Kite-building booths open. All materials are supplied for kites.10:00 a.m. Kite-buildin

5、g shows by Lorena Hallsberg in the courtyard. Come by and learn how to build box kites and kites that look and fly like butterflies.11:00 a.m. Kite-flying shows on the school track. Learn all the most important skills.12:00 p.m. Kite-flying competitions on the school track.The History of Kites1:00 p

6、.m. Presentation by Dr.Brian Lehrman in the show tent:2:00 p.m. Best Kite competitions and judging in the show tent. Come and see the most artistic kites and the most interesting theme kites.3:00 p.m. Presentation by Dr.Lehrman in the show tent:Kites and Science .3:30 p.m. Awards ceremony conducted

7、by Headmaster Seward on the football field. The results of the day judging will be announced, with awards such as Best of Show, Most Artistic, Highest Flyer, and others. Winners will receive gifts from the Bizarco Kite Company!4:005:00 p.m. - Let s all go and fly a kite! Everyone flies kites at the

8、same time, creating a wonderful sight for all to enjoy.Come to the kite celebration. Enjoy yourself and learn more.1. Which times are most important for people who want to join in kite competitions?A. 10:00 am and 11:00 a.m.B. 12:00 p.m. and 2:00 p.m.C. 1:00 pm and 3:00 p.m.D. 2:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m

9、.2. From the passage, we know that the kite celebration .A. is enjoyable and educationalB. is strict about the shapes of kitesC. gets money from PTO of Piedmont Middle SchoolD. gives people a chance to see kites from around the world3. The passage is intended for.A. school staffB. kite expertsC. stu

10、dents and parentsD. kite companies【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一個中學(xué)的風(fēng)箏比賽，呼吁人們支持皮德蒙特中學(xué)的PTO組織，吸引讀者加入。1 .細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中12:00 pmKite-flying competitions on the school track.和 2:00 pm Best Kitecompetitions and judging in the show tent. 可知，參加風(fēng)箏比賽的人需要記住兩個重要的時間，分別是 12點 和下午2點。故選Bo2 .細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一句Come to the kite celebratio

11、n, enjoy yourself and learn more.可知，風(fēng)箏慶?；顒蛹扔袠啡ひ材軐W(xué)到很多。由此可知，風(fēng)箏慶祝活動是令人愉快和有教育意義的。故選Ao3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標題 Let s Go and Fly a Kiteat Piedmont Middle Schools celebrOJion of kites!去放風(fēng)箏吧一在皮埃蒙特中學(xué)慶祝風(fēng)箏節(jié)?。┛芍?，這篇文章主要寫給學(xué)生和家長看的，目的是邀請他們來 參加風(fēng)箏活動。故選CoBThe new social robots, including Jibo, Cozmo, Kuri and Meccano M.A . X.,

12、bear some resemblance to assistants like Apple s Siri, but these robots come with something more. They are designecUtoover not with their smarts but with their personality. They are sold as companions that do more than talk to us. Time magazine hailed （稱贊）the robots that“could fundamentally reshape

13、how we interact with machines. But is rewe interact with machines a good thing, especially for children?Some researchers in favor of the robots don t see a problem with this. People have relationships with manykinds of things. Some say robots are just another thing with which we can have relationshi

14、ps. To support their argument, roboticists sometimes point to how children deal with toy dolls. Children animate （ 賦予 生命）dolls and turn them into imaginary friends. Jibo, in a sense, will be one more imaginary friend, and arguably a more intelligent and fun one.Getting attached to dolls and sociable

15、 machines is different, though. Today s robots tell childrenhave emotions, friendships, even dreams to share. In reality, the whole goal of the robots is emotional trickery. For instance, Cozmo the robot needs to be fed, repaired and played with. Boris Sofman, the chief executive of Anki, the compan

16、y behind Cozmo, says that the idea is to create“ a deeper and deeper emotional connection . Anyou neglect him, you feel the pain of that. Whthtiss eh（poy?tWhat does it mean to feel the pain ofneglecting something that feels no pain at being neglected, or to feel anger at being neglected by something

17、 that doesn t even know it is neglecting you?This should not be our only concern. It is troubling that these robots try to empathize with children. Empathy allows us to put ourselves in the place of others, to know what they are feeling. Robots, however, have no emotions to share, and they cannot pu

18、t themselves in our place. No matter what robot ic creatures say or squeak, they don t understand our emotional lives. They present themselves as empathy machines, but they are missing the essential equipment . They have not been born, they don t know pain, or death, or fear. Robot thinkingmay be th

19、inking, but robot feeling is never feeling, and robot love is never love.What is also troubling is that children take robots behavior to indicate feelings. When the robots intera（with them, children take this as evidence that the robots like them, and wh en robots don t work when needed, children al

20、so take it personally. Their relationships with the robots affect their self-esteem （ 自尊）.In one study, an8-year-old boy concluded that the robot stopped talking to him because the robot liked his brothers better.For so long, we dreamed of artificial intelligence offering us not only simple help but

21、 conversation and care.Now that our dream is becoming real, it is time to deal with the emotional downside of living with robots that “feel. ”4. How are the new social robots different from Siri?A. They are intended to teach children how to talk.B. They are designed to attract people with their smar

22、ts.C. Their main function is to evaluate children s personality.D. They have a new way to communicate with human beings.5. In Paragraph 3 Cozmo is used as an example to show that the social robots.A. are deeply connected with human beingsB. are unable to build a real relationship with childrenC. are

23、 so advanced that they can feel the pain of human beingsD. are not good enough to carry out the instructions of children6. The underlined phrase “ essential equipment in Paragraph 4 refers to.A. emotionB. painC. fearD. thinking7. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?1

24、: Introduction P: PointSp: Sub-point （次要點）C: ConclusionACBD【解析】這是一篇議論文。新的社交機器人與以往機器人不同，他們不僅比我們聰明還有他們的個性。時代周刊稱 它徹底改變了我們與機器互動的方式。但是對這種改變有的科學(xué)家贊同而有很多人也很擔(dān)憂。4推理判斷題。由第一段中的第一句話可知，新的社交機器人與像蘋果的Siri 這樣的助理有相同之處，但比它們有更多功能。再由第一段中的Time magazine hailed （稱贊 ） the robots that “ could fundamentally reshapehow we inter

25、act with machines. 可知， 社交機器人徹底改變了我們與機器互動的方式，可以推知以一種新的方式與人們交流互動。故選D。5.推理判斷題。Cozmo是第三段的舉例，舉例肯定是用來證明本段或者其前邊的觀點的。本段的中心是“ Getting attached to dolls and sociable machines is different, though. （與洋娃娃相處與與社交機器相處是不同 的 ”。 再由第三段最后一句句意“你覺得忽略了機器人而難受，但是機器人并不會感覺被忽略，或者你感覺機器人冷落了你而難受但是機器人根本不知道它冷落了你，這些意味著什么呢？”可知，社交機器人并

26、不能真的跟小朋友建立感情。故選B。6猜測詞義題。由劃線單詞后的“ They have not been born, they don t know pain, or death, or fear. Robotthinking may be thinking, but robot feeling is never feelin g, and robot love is never love. 可知，社交機器人不知”道疼，死亡或害怕。社交機器人的思維可能是在想，但是他們的感覺從來不是感覺，他們的愛也從來不是愛。這句話是證明劃線單詞所在句子的論點的，他們是會同情的機器，但是他們?nèi)鄙俑星?，?dǎo)致他們所謂

27、 的感情是假的。所以劃線單詞詞意為情感。A. emotion情感；B. pain疼痛；C. fear害怕；D. thinking想。故選A。7篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。分析文章內(nèi)容，第一段提出觀點：社交機器人改變了我們與機器互動的方式。第二段提出一些支持這一改變的專家的想法，第三段提出一些人對這一改變的擔(dān)憂，并且第三段后半部分以及第四段、第五段分別是這些人的三點擔(dān)憂。最后一段總結(jié)這一趨勢面臨的現(xiàn)狀。所以文章提出觀點后，分為支持和反對兩個觀點，反對方面又列出了三點擔(dān)憂，最后一段總結(jié)。故選B。CRunning on EmptyFor almost a century, scientists have assum

28、ed, tiredness or exhaustion in athletes originates（ 起源于 ） in the muscles. Precise explanations have varied, but all have been based on the“ Limitations Theorymuscles tire because they hit a physical limit: they either run out of fuel or oxygen or they drown in harmful by-products（ 副產(chǎn)品 ）.In the past

29、few years, however, Timothy Noakes from the University of Cape Town, South Africa, hasexamined this standard theory. Tiredness, he argues, is caused not by signals springing from overtaxed muscles, but is an emotional response which begins in the brain. The fundamental nature of his new theory is th

30、at the brain paces the muscles to keep them well back from the edge of exhaustion. When the brain decides itcreates unbearable muscle tiredness. This“ Central Governor ” theory remainsit cdoonetsroevxeprlsaiainl, butmany puzzling aspects of athletic performance.A recent discovery that Noakes calls t

31、he“ lactic acid paradox ” made him start researching this areaLactic acid is a by-product of exercise, and the increase of it is often mentioned as a cause of tiredness. But when research subjects exercise in certain conditions created artificially, they become tired even though lactic acid levels r

32、emain low. Nor has the oxygen content of their blood fallen too low for them to keep going. Obviously, something else was making them tire before they hit either of these physiological limits.Noakes conducted an experiment with seven cyclists. It has long been known that during exercise, the bodynev

33、er uses 100% of the available muscle fibres（ 纖維 ）. The amount used varies, but in some tasks such as this cycling test the body calls on about 30%. His team found that as tiredness set in, the electrical activity in cyclist legs declined even when they were making a great effort to cycle as fast as

34、they could.To Noakes, this was strong evidence that the old theory was wrong.“ The cyclists may have felt comexhausted, ” he says, “ but their bodies actually had considerable reserves that they could theoretically tap by using a greater amount of the resting fibres. ” This, he believes, is the proo

35、f that the brain is regulating the pace of the workout to hold the cyclists well back from the point of extreme tiredness.8 Which of the following is supported by“ the Limitations Theory ”?A Tiredness is caused by signals from brain.9 Athletes feel tired when they use up all their energy.C The body

36、uses 100% of the muscle fibres in exercise.D Athletes become tired though lactic acid levels remain low.10 Noakes has found out that .A muscle fibres control athletes movementsB Lactic acid levels remain high in cycling testC mental processes control the symptoms of tirednessD different exercises us

37、e different amount of muscle fibres11 It is likely that both theories accept that .A lactic acid is produced in muscles during exerciseB the oxygen content in blood may rise after sportsC tiredness is a harmful by-product of exerciseD the energy in human bodies can be balanced12 What is Paragraph 3

38、mainly about?A The description of a new test.B The explanation of the theory.C The puzzling evidence of a study.D The whole process of the research.【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了關(guān)于運動的極限理論。該理論認為人們之所以感到疲憊是因為肌肉達到了極限，而疲勞是由大腦控制的。8 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的In other words, muscles tire because they hit a physical limit: they ei

39、ther runout of fuel or oxygen or they drown in harmful by-products（ 副產(chǎn)品）可知極限理論認為人們會感到疲倦時因為到達了肌肉的極限。B. Athletes feel tired when they use up all their energy. （運動員感到疲憊是因為他們用完了自己的能量）符合以上說法，故選B 項。9細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的Tiredness, he argues, is caused not by signals springing from overtaxedmuscles, but is an emo

40、tional response which begins in the brain. 可知 Timothy Noakes 認為是人的大腦控制了肌肉是否感到疲倦。C. mental processes control the symptoms of tiredness （精神過程控制疲倦的癥狀）符合以上說法，故選C項。10推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的The fundamental nature of his new theory is that the brain paces themuscles to keep them well back from the edge of exhaustio

41、n. When the brain decides it s time to quunbearable muscle tiredness. 和第三段的Lactic acid is a by-product of exercise, and the increase of it is oftenmentioned as a cause of tiredness. 可推測連個理論都認為lactic acid 是運動時產(chǎn)生的。A. lactic acid is producedin muscles during exercise （運動時肌肉離會產(chǎn)生lactic acid）符合以上推測，故選 A項。

42、11. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)本段的Lactic acid is a by-product of exercise, and the increase of it is often mentioned as acause of tiredness. But when research subjects exercise in certain conditions created artificially, they become tiredeven though lactic acid levels remain low. 可知 lactic acid paradox 理論認為人們在運動的時候lac

43、tic 的升高會使人疲倦，但令人費解的是當(dāng)lactic 還很低的時候人們也會感到疲勞。C. The puzzling evidence of a study.（ 一個研究令人費解的證據(jù)）可以作為本段主旨，故選C項。Looking good, feeling goodBorn to a model mom and a suit maker dad, fashion was actually in my blood. I always had a strong desire to dress in a certain way and to stand out from the crowd.I ma

44、de my own toys when I was a young child and sewed my first skirt at just 10 years old. A friendone look at my skirt and told me that I should be a patternmaker. In high school I started making my own clothes, mostly changing other things because I never liked anything how it was when I bought it. Du

45、ring the last two years of school, I worked part-time for a small business that made hand-painted silk clothing and bags. The owner became the teacher who got me into design in the first place. Another useful bit of work experience then came when I worked at a showroom during fashion week and found

46、it very exciting. From there I worked at a top clothing store while I got my business started.For my business I started out with the idea that everything I did would be hand-made and one-of-a-kind, specially made for one individual who hopefully had the same tastes as me. Every morning I jumped out

47、of bed, went to my studio and worked on my projects. This just showed how enthusiastic I felt about my work. And at night I even dreamed of new designs!Fashion design is functional art. What I mean is that it s something close to you and something you can touch andfeel, and actually interact with. M

48、y advice to any young person who wants to be a fashion designer is to get the basic skills early on, such as sewing and pattern- making. Even if you end up specializing, it s really important tounderstand all aspects of design in order to make high-quality clothes.Also, if you dream of having your o

49、wn clothing line, the best thing to do is start wearing your clothes. You have totry and do this because that s the way you re going to develop something that s all yours and unlikI passionately believe that the right clothing can make people feel better and give them more confidence.12. When the au

50、thor was in high school, she. A. wore the latest fashionsB. was fond of hand-painted clothingC. began to make clothes on her ownD. dressed in the same way as her classmates13. What does the un derlined word “ functional in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Practical. B. Standard. C. Decorative. D. Comple

51、x.14. What advice does the author give to those who want to be fashion designers?A. Creating basic designs in high school.B. Wearing high-quality clothes all the time.C. Looking at what their friends are wearing.D. Deciding what is unique about their clothes.15. According to the author, well-designe

52、d clothes.A. cost people a lot of moneyB. bring people great successC. provide people with popular tasteD. help people feel sure of themselves試題分析：本文題目的意思是：一個人看上去好，感覺就會好。文章一第一人稱的口氣寫了一個設(shè)計師的 感受：我的時尚就在我的骨子里。我從小就喜歡自己設(shè)計衣服，穿著自己設(shè)計的衣服感覺很好。12. C 細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù) In high school I started making my own clothes,可知，在中學(xué)時

53、作者就開始做自己衣服，故選Co13. A 詞義推測題。本句的意思是：服裝設(shè)計是功能藝術(shù)。后面解釋說 What I mean is that it s something closeto you and something you can touch and feel, and actually interact with. 可知，意思是：服裝設(shè)計是貝占近你、 可 觸摸和感知、可以和你相互作用的。A. Practical.實用的；B. Standard.標準化；C. Decorative裝飾用的；D.Complex復(fù)雜的。故選 Ao14. D 細節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù) if you dream of

54、having your own clothing line, the best thing to do is start wearing your clothes.可知，如果想做時裝設(shè)計師，你應(yīng)該穿自己的衣服，故選 D。15. D 細節(jié)理解題。 根據(jù) I passionately believe that the right clothing can make people feel better and give them more confidence.可知，設(shè)計好的衣服能讓人感覺好，有自信，故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填

55、入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項 為多余選項。Are You a Prisoner of Perfection?Do you struggle for a goal that is beyond your reach? 16 . Are you setting yourself up for failure and shame when you can t achieve the unachievable? Understanding what drives perfectionism is the first step toward releasing this self-created a

56、nchor that keeps us stuck.Shame and fear are often the hidden drivers of perfectionism. We believe that if we can fashion a perfectly polished personality, flash our intelligence, and perfect our humour, then no one can hurt us with criticism and we ll win respect and approval.17. Politicians who di

57、splay a desperate need to be right and refuse to acknowledge mistakes or uncertainty are often driven by a secret shame. They fear that showing vulnerability（ 弱點）will expose them to the accusation that they re weak. They stick to a desire to be right, perfect, and polished, even when it s otemperor has no clothes.Perfectionism keeps us leaning toward the future. We re constantly evaluating ourselves in order to do bet18. However, if we can t relax and enjoy lighter moments, then we become prisoners of our ectronism. We get painfully self-conscious and take ourselv