初中英語的句子成分分析(精品)

1、句子成分精講句子成分:主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語等。主要成分:主語和謂語1、主語一個句子中需要加以說明或描述的對象。主語的位置:一般位于句首,由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語等充當(dāng)。The school is far from here. 名詞做主語She goes to school by bike.代詞做主語Eight is a lucky number.數(shù)詞做主語The blind need more help.名詞化的形容詞做主語There is a pen on the desk. 名詞做主語Predicting the future is interestin

2、g.動名詞做主語To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短語做主語2、謂語表示人或事物(主語的動作和存在的狀態(tài).英語中由動詞be、動詞have和行為動詞來充當(dāng)謂語動詞句子的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是通過謂語表現(xiàn)出來。謂語動詞往往由一個或一個以上的助動詞或情態(tài)動詞加上主要動詞構(gòu)成。分析句子的主語和謂語Mr. Li teaches English.He can play the piano.My parents and I are having dinner.3、表語用來說明主語的身份、特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)。表語的位置用在動詞be和系動詞的后面。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、副詞等都可以和連系動詞

3、一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。Your pen is on the desk.He got very angry.My dream is to have a robot.常見的系動詞1. be動詞2. 與感覺有關(guān)的動詞look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等3. 表示狀態(tài)變化的動詞,意為“變得” “變成” 如get, grow, turn等上述兩類詞作連系動詞時要用形容詞作表語,千萬不能用副詞。4、賓語是動作的對象或承受者。及物動詞必須跟賓語.及物動詞:直接接賓語的謂語動詞.不及物動詞:不能直接帶賓語的謂語動詞.賓語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、從句構(gòu)成.I saw a

4、plane in the sky just now.名詞做賓語I want three.數(shù)詞做賓語I like going shopping.動名詞做賓語We think predicting the future is hard.賓語從句5、賓語補(bǔ)足語(賓補(bǔ)有些及物動詞除了要有一個賓語之外, 還須加上一個補(bǔ)足語。如果沒有補(bǔ)足語(賓補(bǔ), 有時候句子的意思就不完整。充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的有:1. 形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語The sun keeps us warm.2. 介詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語:I found her in the room.3. 副詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Please let him in.4. 名詞作賓語

5、補(bǔ)足語。We made him monitor of the class.5. 動詞不定式和分詞也能用作賓語補(bǔ)足語。I asked him to come.6、定語定語修飾名詞或代詞(即在漢語里的的1. 形容詞作定語(一般放在被修飾語之前,修飾不定代詞時放在后面They have a clever son.I have something important to tell you.2. 名詞作定語:Is it a color film?名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)形式, 如:school bus,ticket office, paper flowers但也有例外,如: sports meeting,

6、 clothes shopman 和woman修飾的名詞如果是復(fù)數(shù),它們總以復(fù)數(shù)的形式作定語,如:men drivers , women doctors3. 代詞作定語:This song is better than that one.4. 數(shù)詞作定語:There are only thirty students in our class.帶有數(shù)字的復(fù)合形容詞.當(dāng)復(fù)合形容詞用連字號連接時,其中的名詞要用單數(shù)形式.a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy5. 副詞作定語(放在被修飾詞之后:Do you know the young man over ther

7、e?6. 介詞短語作定語(放在被修飾詞之后:The students in our class like swimming.7、狀語修飾動詞,形容詞或副詞,有的修飾全句, 用以說明地點(diǎn), 時間, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 結(jié)果, 條件, 讓步等.1. 副詞作狀語:The old man is walking slowly.表方式The boy is very clever.表程度2. 介詞短語作狀語:I have lived in Shanghai for five years.表時間3. 不定式作狀語I come here to see you.表目的4. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語The tea

8、cher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式5. 狀語從句Well go shopping if it doesnt rain tomorrow.狀語的位置1. 在一般情況下,用于句末。We like our school very much.2.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語,可以把它放在句首.I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.3. 表頻度的副詞通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,用于行為動詞前,be動詞、助動詞和情態(tài)動詞

9、后I usually get up early.He is often late.一些副詞, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末only 在句中的位置比較靈活, 但位置不同, 意義也不同.The actor only sang a song.Only the actor sang a song.The actor sang only one song.兩個或多個狀語同時修飾時的順序1. 地點(diǎn)狀語在前,

10、時間狀語在后.We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.2. 較小單位的狀語在前,由小到大Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.3. 一個句子有幾個不同種類的副詞作狀語, 其順序大都是: 程度副詞,方式副詞, 地點(diǎn)副詞, 時間副詞She sang very well at the meeting last night.時間和地點(diǎn)狀語也可以位于句首, 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或使上下文更為連貫Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterda

11、y I read them in the evening.(定語主語(狀語謂語(定語賓語(狀語eg:(The tall boy (often goes (to the big zoo.請分析下面句子的結(jié)構(gòu)說出各個成分1I have two elder sisters. (我有兩個姐姐。2 They don't swim very well.(他們游泳不太好。3 Do you go to school every day? (你每天去上學(xué)嗎?4 I really want a cup of tea.(我真的想要一杯茶。5 Miss Smith teaches English very w

12、ell.(史密斯先生教英語非常好。6.If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain.( 不經(jīng)歷風(fēng)雨,怎么見彩虹。7.It takes me an hour to get there.(到那兒花了我一個小時。8.The children bought their parents a car for the 25th anniversary of their marriage.(這個孩子為他父母25周年結(jié)婚紀(jì)念買了一輛車。9.Speaking doesn't mean doing.(說不代表做。10.She watched

13、 her daughter playing the piano.(她在看她女兒彈鋼琴。Ps.實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練(單項(xiàng)選擇( 1. He shouldnt _ for 24 hours.A. eat somethingB. eats anythingC. eat anythingD. eats something( 2. Every one _ tired sometimes.A. getsB. getC. keepD. keeps( 3. I walk _ a bookshop on my way home every day.A. passB. pastC. onD. cross( 4. the pa

14、rents are _ about the sick son.A. worryB. worryingC. worriedD. worryed( 5. _ takes him an hour to finish the homework.A. ItB. ThisC. ThatD. he( 6. The most popular way of _ to school in Venice is boat.A. gettingB. getC. to getD. gets( 7. In North America most students go to school _ the school bus.A. byB. takeC. onD. over( 8. This box is _ than that one.A. heavyB. heavyerC. the heavierD. heavier( 9. “Jim,_ late again,” the teacher said angrily.A. dontB. not beC. isntD. dont be( 10. She was too