初中英語語法4數(shù)詞

1、初中英語語法4數(shù)詞數(shù)詞一、本周內(nèi)容概述表示數(shù)目和順序的詞叫數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞可分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞 兩類。二、重點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納及講解（一）基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞用來表示數(shù)目，或者說表示數(shù)量的詞叫基數(shù)詞。最基本的基數(shù)詞如下表所示。1 one11 eleven100 a hundred2 two12 twelv e20 twen ty1000 a thousand3 thr ee13 thirte en30 thirt y1 , 000, 000 a million4 fou r14 fourt een40 fort y10, 000, 000 ten million5 five15 fiftee n50 fifty10

2、0, 000, 000 a hundred million6 six16 sixtee n60 sixty1, 000, 000, 000 a billion7 sev en17 seventeen70 seventy8 eig ht18 eighteen80 eighty9 nin19 nineteen90 ninetye10 ten說明：1. 1319是由個(gè)位數(shù)加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。注意其中13、15 的拼寫是 thirteen 和 fifteen。2. 2090由個(gè)位數(shù)加后綴-ty構(gòu)成，注意其中2050的拼 寫分別是 twenty, thirty, forty 和 fifty;80 的拼

3、寫是 eighty。3. 其它非整十的兩位數(shù)2199是由整十位數(shù)加連字符-“， 再加個(gè)位數(shù)構(gòu)成。如： 81 eighty-oneo4. 101-999的基數(shù)詞先寫百位數(shù)，后加 and再寫十位數(shù) 和個(gè)位數(shù)。如： 691 six hundred and ninety-one 。5. 1000以上的基數(shù)詞先寫千位數(shù)，后寫百位數(shù)，再加and, 最后寫十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)。如：5893 five thousand eight hundred and ninety-three 。 在基數(shù)詞中只有表示百”、千”的單位詞，沒有單獨(dú)表示萬”、億”的單位詞）而是用thousand （千）和million （百 萬）來表

4、達(dá)）其換算關(guān)系為：1萬=10 thousand1億=100 million; 10 億=2 thousand million=a billion 。7.多位數(shù)的讀法：1） 1000以上的多位數(shù)，要使用計(jì)數(shù)間隔或逗號(hào)；即從個(gè)位起，每隔三位加一個(gè)間隔或逗號(hào)。第一個(gè)間隔或逗 號(hào)前是thousand （千）第二個(gè)間隔或逗號(hào)前是million （百 萬）第三個(gè)間隔或逗號(hào)前是a thousand million或abillion（十億）。2）每隔三位分段以后就都成了 101 999。讀的時(shí)候十位 數(shù)（或個(gè)位數(shù)）的前面一般要加 and。如：888）000）000 讀作：eight hundred and e

5、ighty-eight million。（二）、基數(shù)詞的用法1 .基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示大量的的數(shù)目。在這種情況下）表示單位的基數(shù)詞（hundred, thousand,million, billion）不能在詞尾加-s。例如：two hundred students 二百個(gè)學(xué)生five thousand years 五千年清況2 .基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示大量的的數(shù)目，在這種下，表示單位的基數(shù)詞詞尾加-s,要與of短語連用。3 .基數(shù)詞在句中的作用基數(shù)詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞，它在句子中可充當(dāng) 主語，賓語，表語和定語。例如：Three and five is eight. 3+5=8表語主語Ho

6、w many oranges do you want?你要多少桔子?I want eight.我要八個(gè)賓語There are ejghLboats in the lake. 湖里有八條小船。（三）序數(shù)詞-th構(gòu)表示順序的詞，叫序數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞用來表示數(shù)詞順序 除特殊情況外，序數(shù)詞一般都由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加后綴 成。deththirdthirteenfortiethth廠fourtfourteenfiftiet|hthhfifthfifteenthsixtiet hsixthsixteentsevenhtiethseven thseventee ntheighti etheight heighteen

7、 thnineti ethninthnineteen thhund redthtenththousandt h說明：1 .英語中表示第一、第二、第三的序數(shù)詞屬特殊形式， 要注意它們的拼寫。2 .表示 幾十”的序數(shù)詞通常是將基數(shù)詞詞尾 y變成i再 加上后綴-eth。3 .其余的二位數(shù)序數(shù)詞是以相應(yīng)的整十基數(shù)詞加個(gè)位序 數(shù)詞。如：fifty-first （第五T一。4 .少數(shù)序數(shù)詞拼法不規(guī)則，如：fifth （第五），eighth（第八）n ninth （第九），twelfth （第十二）等。注意：1.序數(shù)詞可縮寫為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加序數(shù)詞最后兩個(gè)字母。例如：第一：（the） first=1 st第二：

8、（the） second=2 nd第三：(the) third=3 rd第五：(the) fifth=5th第九十七：(the) ninety-seventh=97 th第一百零一：(the) one hundred (and)first=101st2.編了號(hào)的事物要用基數(shù)詞表示順序，但是基數(shù)詞要后置。例如：第一課：Lesson One第三十二頁：Page 32第 305 房間：Room 305第12路公共汽車：Bus No.12五、序數(shù)詞的用法序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞一樣，也能起名詞或形容詞作用，在句 子中作主語、表語、賓語和定語。例如：The first is bigger than the sec

9、ond. 第個(gè)比第二個(gè)大。Give me the first.把第一個(gè)給我。賓語表語She often the first to go to school.她經(jīng)常第一個(gè)去上regoing to learn the eighth lesson. 我們將要學(xué)習(xí)第We八課。定語六、年、月、日和時(shí)間的表達(dá)法1 .年份用基數(shù)詞表達(dá)，分兩位一讀，年份前用介詞in例如：1999 nineteen ninety-nine2000 two thousand2001 two thousand and one2 .月份的第一個(gè)字母要大寫，有些月份名稱有縮寫形式 例如：一月 January(Jan.), 二月 Feb

10、ruary(Feb.), 三月 March(Mar.), 四月 April (Apr.),五月 May,六月 June,七 月 July,八月 August(Aug.),九月 September(Sep.),十月 October(Oct.), 十一月 November(Nov) 十二月 December(Dec.)。3 .日期的表達(dá)要用序數(shù)詞，讀時(shí)前面要加定冠詞the,介詞要使用on。例如：在 6 月 1 日：on June 1 st 讀作：on June the first.年、月、日同時(shí)表達(dá)時(shí)，一般應(yīng)先寫月、日、后寫年。例如：在2001年5月 4日:on May 4 th, 2001。4

11、.年代用基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)表示。例如：20 世紀(jì) 90 年代：nineteen nineties21 世紀(jì) 20 年代：twenty twenties5.時(shí)間表達(dá)法：時(shí)間可用順讀法或倒讀法兩種方式表達(dá)。例如：順讀法倒讀法5: 00 five (o clock)6: 18 six eighteen, eighteen past six12: 15 twelve fifteen, fifteen (a quarter) past twelve4: 30 four thirty, half past four5: 50 five fifty ,ten to six6: 45 six forty-five

12、a quarter to seven注意：1)表示整點(diǎn)時(shí)間，直接用基數(shù)詞表達(dá)，后邊可接o clock (也可不加)。表達(dá) 幾點(diǎn)幾分”時(shí))絕不能用o clock2）表達(dá)“15F或“4吩”時(shí)，常用quarter （刻）。3）在倒讀法中，如果鐘點(diǎn)不過半，須用 分鐘數(shù)+past+ 鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)”的形式；如果鐘點(diǎn)過半，則用 差多少分鐘數(shù)+to+ 全鐘點(diǎn)（下個(gè)鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)）”的形式。例如：8:20 twenty past eight8:40 twenty to nine6 .分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法1）分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。分子大于1時(shí),用復(fù)數(shù)。2）小數(shù)的讀法：小數(shù)點(diǎn)前面的數(shù)按照基數(shù)詞的讀法， 數(shù)點(diǎn)后面的數(shù)按照數(shù)本身讀,小

13、數(shù)點(diǎn)讀point o例如：0.38 zero point three eight96.89 ninety-six point eight nine3）百分?jǐn)?shù)）在數(shù)詞后加percent o例如：15% 讀作：fifteen percent60% 讀作：sixty percent7 .表示語數(shù)1）幾倍大小（長短，數(shù)量）=幾倍（或分?jǐn)?shù)）size（length, amount）。血如：The earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon.地球是月球的49倍。2）比幾倍=倍數(shù)（或分?jǐn)?shù)）+形容詞（副詞） 級(jí)+than+被比部分。例如：分母+the比較His

14、house is three times bigger than mine.他的房子比我的房子大三倍。3)是一倍=倍數(shù)(或分?jǐn)?shù))+as +形容詞+as +被比部 分。例如：This factory is four times as big as that one.這個(gè)工廠是那個(gè)工廠的四倍。8.表示約數(shù)1) 多于用 more than 或 over。例如：The street is over(more than) 500 metres long.這條街有500多米長。2)小于用 less than。例如：Three are less than 30 people in the classroom

15、.教室里不到三十人。3) 或,以上”用 or more。例如：The building can hold 5000 people or more.那座建筑物可容納5000人或5000人以上。4)或以下”用or less。例如：We can finish the work in two weeks or less.我們可以在兩周內(nèi)或不到兩周完成這件工作。5) 失約用 about, around, nearly 等。例如：The box weighs about 50 pounds.這箱子重約50鎊。6) 左右”用or so.例如：In the past ten years or so, they

16、 have changed a lot.在過去的十年里，他們改變了許多。三、隨堂監(jiān)測(cè)A組I.寫出下列基數(shù)詞相應(yīng)的序數(shù)詞：1.one 2. two 3.three4. five5.eight 6. nine 7.twelve8. twenty9.thirty-one 10. forty-four 11.fifty-sevenII.把下列短語譯成英語：1.第12課 2. 304號(hào)房間3.半小時(shí) 4.每日三次5.第25頁 6. 20世紀(jì)90年代7. 4路公共汽車8.第15中學(xué)9. 21世紀(jì)10.兩噸半11.差一刻三點(diǎn) 12.第二冊(cè) 13.在他五十幾歲時(shí) 14.二年級(jí)八班15. 10:45 16.第十

17、五單元17.第三冊(cè)第十三課 18.三分之一 19.三百英鎊 20. 1994年3月22日四、隨堂監(jiān)測(cè)B組III.選擇填空：1. 333 reads.A. three hundred and thirty three B. three hundreds and thirty-threeC. three hundred and thirty-three D. three hundred thirty-three2. The month of the year is February.A. oneB. first C. twoD. second3. The beautiful skirts are

18、on show in the shop, Jane likesA. the ninth B. the nineth C. nineD. ninth4. It took me to finish my homework.A. a half and two hourB. two hour and a halfC. two and a half hourD. two and a half hours5. December is the month of the year.A. twelveB. twelvethC.twelviethD. twelfth6. Tom bought for himsel

19、f yesterday.A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoeC. two pair of shoesD. two pairs shoes7. There are seconds in a minute.A. fourtyB. fortyC.sixteenD. sixty8. Lin Tao gets up at in the morning.A. half past sixB. six past halfC.past half sixD. half six past9. December is Christmas.A. twenty-fiveB. t

20、he twenty-fifth C. thetwentieth-five D. twentieth-fifth10. There are stars in the universe.A. millionsB. million ofC.millions of D. million11. Monday is the day of the week.A. twoB. secondC.threeD. third12. Mr. Black left here ago.C. anC.Lesson.B. aD.A. half a hourB. half an hourhalf hour D. a half

21、hours13. There are students in their school.A. nine hundredB. nine hundredsnine hundred of D. nine hundreds of 14. There are words in the text of theA. hundred of, Fifth hundred of, FivethC. hundreds of, Fifth hundreds of, Fiveth15. We had learned about English words by the endof last term.A. nine h

22、undreds and forty-fiveB.nine hundreds of and forty-fiveC. nine hundred and forty-fiveD. nine hundred and fourty-fiveIV.中考題集：1. About people are in the People Park at weekends.A. two hundredsB. two hundreds of C.two hundredD. hundred of2. The water behind the Three Gorges Dam （三峽大壩）should be higher t

23、han downstream （ 下游）.A. sixty-five metersixty-five meters3. In our school severalB. sixty-fifth meter C.D. sixty-fifth meters students are able to searchthe Internet for useful information now.A. hundred ofB. hundreds forhundredD. hundredsA. 21D. 24B. 22C.234. I was 8 years old when my father was 31

24、. this year my father is twice my age. How old am I?C.onA. July 1, 1921August 1, 19276. Look at the menu:B. October 1, 1949D. May 1, 1922C.SNACKSHamburger $ 2.60 Orange juice $1.20Hot dog $2.15 Coffee $1.00Ice cream $2.00 Coke regular $0.75Popcorn $1.00 large $1.00Jeff wants to buy a hamburger, a la

25、rge coke and cream.How much will he pay?A. Five dollars and sixty cents. B. Five dollars thirty-five cents.C. Three dollars and sixty cents. D. Two dollars.iceand7. - How many workers are there in your factory?-There are two A. hundreds hundred ofB. hundredD. hundreds of8. The film star is going to

26、spend dress for the coming party.dollars on a newC.A. three thousands thousand of 9. There are that hospital.A. thousand two thousandsB. thousands ofD. three thousands ofdoctors and nurses workingB. two thousandD. two thousands ofC.hard in5. When was the PRC founded? It was founded10. 一 How many tea

27、chers are there in your school? 一, but IA. Hundreds Hundreds of 11. I thinkm not sure.C.B. HundredD. One hundred lesson is the most difficult in this book.A. fiveB. fifthC. thefifthD. fifteen1. travelers come to visit our city every year. A. Hundred ofB. Hundreds ofC. FivehundredsD. Hundred2. The Ga

28、mes of Olympiad in 2008 will be held inthe city of Beijing.A. 29B. the 29C. 29thD. the 29th3. Fan Zhiyi s transfer to Dundee Football Club at the end of last year aroused Chinese people s interest.A. thousand ofB. thousandC.thousands ofD. thousands4. About films were shown during the 5th ShanghaiInt

29、ernational Film Festival.A. two hundred of B. two hundreds of C. two hundredD. two hundreds5. 一 Do you have enough men to carry these chairs? 一 No.I think we need men.A. anotherB. two othersC.moretwoD. two more6. - Can you write the number eight five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six?- Yes, it is

30、.A. 85662B. 85626C. 58662D.58626 7. There re students in our grade.A. hundreds ofB. three hundreds of C.three hundredsD. three hundreds8 . of the workers in this factory is about two hundred,of them are women workers.A. The number, first thirdB. Thenumber, one thirdC. A number, halfD. Anumber, three

31、 quarters9 .Germans come to visit China every year.A. Thousands ofB. ThousandsC.Thousand ofD. Two thousand1、寫出以下數(shù)字的序數(shù)詞? ?20, 34五）九）十二）2、寫出一一十二月份:3、選擇填空:1.Could you tell us how to read the number 18,306,211?A.eighteen million, three hundred and six thousands, two hundred eleven,two,tworedB.eighteen million, three hundred and six thousand hundred and elevenC.eighteen millions, three hundred six thousands hundreds and elevenD.eighteen thousand, three hundred and six, two hund eleven2.Shakespeare was born inA.1660sB.1660 sC.the 1660sD.the 1660; s3.Bill said they were goi