（推薦）初高中英語語法基本復(fù)習(三)動詞謂語的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

1、四、動詞1、動詞的分類：類 別意 義例 句實義動詞含有實在的意義,表示動作或狀態(tài),在句子中能獨立作謂語?？煞譃榧拔飫釉~vt，其后接賓語和不及物動詞vi，不接賓語。She has some bananas. 她吃些香蕉。They eat a lot of potatoes. 他們常吃土豆。Im reading an English book now.我現(xiàn)在正看一本英文書。連系動詞本身有一定的詞義,但不能獨立作謂語,必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。His father is a teacher.他父親是教師。Twins usually look the same.雙胞胎通?？雌饋硪粯?。The teache

2、r became very angry. 老師變得很生氣。助動詞本身沒有詞義,不能獨立作謂語,只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞,用來表示否定、疑問、時態(tài)、語態(tài)或其它語法形式,助動詞自身有人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。He doesnt speak English. 他不說英語。Do you have a brother? 你有兄弟嗎？We are playing basketball. 我們在打籃球。(be也可作助動詞)情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的意義,不能獨立作謂語,只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞,表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)的變化,有些情態(tài)動詞有過去式。You can keep th

3、e books for two weeks.這些書你可以借兩個星期。May I smoke here? 我可以在這兒抽煙嗎？We must go now. 我們現(xiàn)在得走了。2、規(guī)則動詞變化表：規(guī) 則變 化原形動詞結(jié)尾情況現(xiàn)在時單三人稱現(xiàn) 在 分 詞過去式和過去分詞一般情況+s+ing+eds,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾+es+ing+ed輔音字母+y結(jié)尾yi,+es+ingyi,+ed重讀閉音節(jié)一元一輔結(jié)尾+s雙寫輔音字母,+ing雙寫輔音字母,+ed不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾+s去掉e,+ing+die結(jié)尾+siey,+ing+d不規(guī)則變化havehas；beis(無) (見不規(guī)則動詞變化表)注意：在加in

4、g或ed時動詞如果以“r”結(jié)尾,尾音節(jié)又重讀的動詞,“r”應(yīng)雙寫。如：prefer-preferring preferred （更喜歡）; refer referring referred（參考；涉及）; occur occurring occurred（發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)）s/es的讀音規(guī)則：在清輔音后讀s；在濁輔音后和元音后讀z。如：maps；refersed的讀音規(guī)則：在清輔音后讀t；在濁輔音后和元音后讀d；在t、d后讀id。 如：hunted鞏固練習:1）請為下列動詞加上正確的第三人稱單數(shù)，ing形式，過去式和過去分詞。 go walk come speak play rush stop pr

5、efer fire carry type 2) 請?zhí)钊胝_的動詞形式。1. Look! The children_ _(enjoy) themselves at the zoo.2. He _(watch) TV and _ _(read) an interesting book on Saturday evening.3. Ken _ _(water) the plants every day.4. I _(play) football on the playground next Monday.5. The workers _ _ (have) sports on the playgrou

6、nd now.6. You_ _(invite) to the wedding. Why didn't you go?7. Cheese_ _(make) from milk. 8. The book_ _ (write) in Spanish and a few years ago it_ _ (translate) into English.動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)時態(tài)分類謂語結(jié)構(gòu)主要用法常用時間狀語主動被動一般現(xiàn)在時經(jīng)常性或習慣性動作，客觀事實，現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)every, sometimes, often, on Sunday, usually, always一般過去時在過去某個時間里所發(fā)生

7、的動作或存在的狀態(tài)yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982一般將來時在將來某一時刻要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)next., tomorrow, in+時間, in two days, soon, this evening, tomorrow evening過去將來時在過去某一時刻看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常用作從句中at 9 tomorrow morning 現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在發(fā)生的動作now, at this moment過去進行時表示在過去某一時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作at this time yesterd

8、ay, at 4 p.m. yesterday 現(xiàn)在完成時表示說話之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)for, since, so far = up to now (到目前為止), already, never, yet, in the past / last few years (在過去的幾年里)過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或某個動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即“過去的過去”；表示從過去某時開始一直延續(xù)到另一個過去時間的動作或狀態(tài)by the end of+過去的時間點, before等引導的時間狀語從句一、完成下列表格練習：一、用動詞的適當形式填空

9、。1、When she is in trouble, she often (ask) her teacher for advice.2、He (go) abroad last month.3、The child (not watch) TV at home now.4、It (rain) for a whole month.5、I (go) with you if I have time.6、He (listen) to the radio when I came in.7、I didn't meet him. He (leave) when I got there.8、He is h

10、ungry. He (not eat) anything for three days.9、English (speak) in many countries.10、My hometown (liberate) in 1949.11、The play (put) on next Sunday.12、He told us that the sports meeting (put) off till next Sunday.13、A new teaching building (build) now in our school.14、She said that the bicycle (repai

11、r) by her father.15、A new school (build)in our village.16、She told me that the bicycle (repair) by her father.二、翻譯下列句子A. 請用不同的時態(tài)翻譯下列句子：1、上周日他一整天都在研究那只小鳥。_2、格林先生正在寫另外一部小說。_3、經(jīng)常有人聽到她唱歌。_4、至今，我們已經(jīng)學了1600個單詞。_5、我們將在下星期完成這項工程。_6、我們從未想過他會這么快完成這幅畫。_7、他說他之前已經(jīng)學過一些英語。_8、瑪麗在做衣服時割傷了手指。_B.請將上列句子轉(zhuǎn)變成被動語態(tài)。1._2. _3._

12、4. _5._6. _7._8. _tips: 怎樣把主動語態(tài)改成被動語態(tài)? 步驟： 1.先找出謂語動詞；2.再找出謂語動詞后的賓語；3.把賓語用作被動語態(tài)中的主語；4.注意人稱、時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week.2. He has written two letters.Two letters have been written by him.3. They will plant ten trees tomorrow. Ten trees will be

13、 planted by them tomorrow.三、短文填空（涉及8種時態(tài)） I 1_(have) a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. She 2_ (be) there for three years. In her letter, she said that she 3_(come) to England next year. She also said that she was still 4_(learn) the French language. If she comes, she 5_ (get) a

14、 surprise. We 6_(be) now living in a beautiful new house in the country. Work on it 7_(begin) before my sister left. The house 8_(complete) five months ago. In my letter, I told her that she 9_(can) stay with us. The house has many large rooms and there 10_(be) a lovely garden. It is a very modern house, so it 11_(look) strange to some people.