一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1、一般過(guò)去時(shí)：1 .表過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情或存在的狀態(tài)eg Suddenly,the clouds cleared and the rain stopped.2 .表過(guò)去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事情eg I was very thin in my childhood.3 .帶有確定的過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)eg Did you meet yesterday? He left just now.一般過(guò)去時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式構(gòu)成,即在動(dòng)詞原形后加 ed.例句：He was here just now.他剛剛還在這里.What did you do yesterday?你昨天做了 什么事？We often played togethe

2、r when we were children.我們小時(shí)候常在起玩.He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn他過(guò)去經(jīng)常抽煙now現(xiàn)在不抽了.Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us.每當(dāng)我們遇到困難,他都會(huì)幫 助我們.At that time she was very good at English.那時(shí)她英語(yǔ)學(xué)得很好.He said he would wait until they came back.一般過(guò)去時(shí)詳細(xì)解析：主要是用來(lái)描述在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).它也可以用來(lái)表示在過(guò)去某段時(shí)間里經(jīng)常發(fā)

3、生的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作.這一點(diǎn)在表達(dá)意義上與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)相同,只是所在的時(shí)間區(qū)域不同而已.由于它的主要作用如 此,所以在使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子里常常有一個(gè)意義較具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ).這也是它與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的最大區(qū)別之一.一般過(guò)去時(shí)由謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示,也就是說(shuō)動(dòng)詞詞末要加-ed (除不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞外).常和一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：last night (week ,month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1

4、999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , 第等.使用一般過(guò)去時(shí),在某種意義上說(shuō)就是要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生或存在于過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)候.過(guò)去的時(shí)間概念有兩層意思：一是指現(xiàn)在某個(gè)時(shí)間以前的時(shí)間；二是指說(shuō)話(huà)、寫(xiě)文章的那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)以前的時(shí)間,在這個(gè)意義上,現(xiàn)在的那個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)是很小很小的,甚至于小到無(wú)法量化的程度.例如：He got his driving license last month.他上個(gè)月拿至U了駕照.-Wheres Jim?吉姆在哪里？-He just went out.他剛剛出去.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表現(xiàn)在：(1)在賓語(yǔ)從句中,由于時(shí)態(tài)照應(yīng)的

5、關(guān)系,可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在：I didn t know you were聃而知道你在這兒.(were實(shí)際上指現(xiàn)在)I didn t know you were so bfi能想到你這么忙.(were實(shí)際上指現(xiàn)在)(2)表示客氣委婉的現(xiàn)在：I wondered if you were free this evening.不知您今晚是否有空.I thought you might like some flowers.我想您也許想要些花.【注】能這樣有的動(dòng)詞主要限于 want, wonder, think, hope, intend等少數(shù)動(dòng)詞.(3)用于某些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中表示現(xiàn)在：It s time

6、we started門(mén)該動(dòng)身了.I wish I knew his name.要是我知道他的名字就好了.I d rather you lived closer to希望你能住得離我們近點(diǎn).【注】該用法主要用于 it s time, I wish, I d rather, if only las if, as though少數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)后接從句的情形,其中有些結(jié)構(gòu)后面的句子還可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示將來(lái)：I d rather you came next Mond我寧愿你下周星期一來(lái).另外表主觀想法的虛擬條件句也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在：If I had the money now I假假設(shè)稅yat線(xiàn),我就買(mǎi)輛小

7、汽車(chē).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：1 .表示截止現(xiàn)在業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作eg By now, I have collected all the data that I need.2 .表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去而對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響、帶來(lái)結(jié)果的動(dòng)作eg She has been to the United States.3 .表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可能還要延續(xù) eg I have learned English for 8 years.結(jié)構(gòu)：由have加動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成,主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí),要將have改 為 has.例句：I have seen the film already.我已經(jīng)看過(guò)那部電影了.現(xiàn)在我知道電影的

8、內(nèi) 容了.Have you seen my bag?你看到我的手提包了嗎？你知道它在哪里？She has been a dancer for ten year&ft 已當(dāng)了 十年的舞蹈演員了.We ve planted thousands of trees in the past few yea過(guò)去幾年我們種了成千 上萬(wàn)棵樹(shù).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)詳細(xì)解析：對(duì)于初接觸現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的人來(lái)說(shuō),往往會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種茫然,由于它似乎與一般過(guò)去 時(shí)相似.那就是,這兩種時(shí)態(tài)描述的動(dòng)作都始于過(guò)去.其實(shí)不然,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主 要表示,發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在剛剛完成、或許還要延續(xù)；側(cè)重于這個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在帶來(lái)的結(jié)果、產(chǎn)生的影響、積累的

9、總和等等.而一般過(guò)去時(shí)那么只不過(guò)是 表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去的什么時(shí)候.弄清了這一區(qū)別,就很容易理解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)了. 它主要適用于下面的幾種情況：1表示截止現(xiàn)在業(yè)已完成的動(dòng)作By now, I have collected all the data that I need到現(xiàn)在為止,我已收集到了我 所需的全部資料.She has read 150 pages toda她今天已看了 150 頁(yè).We havent met for many years我們已多年沒(méi)見(jiàn)了.They have developed a new product:們研制成功了種新產(chǎn)品.2表示發(fā)生在過(guò)去而對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響、帶來(lái)結(jié)果的動(dòng)作

10、Have you had your dinner?你吃晚飯了 嗎?She has been to the United States.ft 已去美國(guó)了.You have grown much taller 你長(zhǎng)高了 許多.3表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可能還要延續(xù)It has been five years since he joined the armyftfe 參軍五年了.They have learned English for eight years他們已學(xué)了年的英語(yǔ)了.So far weve only discussed the first five chapters!今我們還只

11、討論了 前五章.幾點(diǎn)注意1 一個(gè)句子應(yīng)該用什么時(shí)態(tài)只能取決于它需要表達(dá)的意思,以及它所處的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境.例如：He speaks English.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的經(jīng)常性.He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .一般過(guò)去時(shí),說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生 的時(shí)間.He is speaking English.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),說(shuō)明動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行.He has spoken English for three years since he came to the US A現(xiàn)在完成時(shí), 這里說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的總和.He has been speaking English sin

12、ce he came to the USA.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí), 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性.2在含有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句或條件狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句中,如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來(lái)時(shí),那么從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就只能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)來(lái)表示將來(lái)時(shí)；如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),那么從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就只能用一般過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表 示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí).例如：I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.3有些動(dòng)詞表示無(wú)法持續(xù)的動(dòng)作,它們一般不宜用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中.這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有： be , believe ,

13、 consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know ,like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand u將等.Be動(dòng)詞假設(shè)是用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),可表示暫時(shí)、短暫的情況或表現(xiàn).例如：Tom is being a good boy today湯姆今天彳艮乖.He is being childish .他這樣做是耍孩子氣.You are

14、not being modest你這樣說(shuō)不太謙虛.4)關(guān)于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)問(wèn)題A.但凡“完成時(shí)態(tài)都表示,不知道也不管動(dòng)作發(fā)生的具體時(shí)間,所以在使用 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子里,不可以帶有表示具體過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),如：yesterday , last week ( month , year , etc. ) , two weeks ago , in 199蛇 但常和有些副詞連用, 如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , not等等.yet , alwaysB.在以when提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)中不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí).另外,ago不能用于現(xiàn) 在完成時(shí)的

15、句子里,由于它表示從現(xiàn)在算起的以前某個(gè)時(shí)間,屬于表示具體過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ).但是可以用before來(lái)表示以前的意義,由于它只表示以前,而 不知什么時(shí)候的以前.；since 的旬C.如果是不表示連續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子,不可以和以for表示 的一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用.在這種情況下,應(yīng)該用It has been式來(lái)表達(dá).如:He has joined the army for five years.錯(cuò)誤It has been five years since he joined the army正確能與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用詞語(yǔ)很多, 如副詞just, already, yet, before, ever

16、, recently等, 但下面是一些典型而且重要的例子：1 since白從：不管用作介詞、連詞還是副詞,句子主句謂語(yǔ)通常都用現(xiàn) 在完成時(shí)：I haven t seen her since last Wehkt以來(lái)我一直未見(jiàn)過(guò)她.Where have you been since I last saw用我上次見(jiàn)到你之后你到哪里去了 ？【注】有時(shí)可用其他時(shí)態(tài)的情況,但須注意：對(duì)于某些表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞如seem等,或因語(yǔ)義等方面的原因,有時(shí)可能用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)比擬現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)更適宜：It seems like years since we last met.我們彳以乎幾年未見(jiàn)面了.Since when d

17、oes the $42 plus $5 service charge come to $48?什么什候開(kāi)始42元加5元的效勞費(fèi)等于48元了？假設(shè)不是指從過(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,而是指從較遠(yuǎn)的過(guò)去持續(xù)到在一個(gè)較近的過(guò)去,那么用過(guò)去完成時(shí)：Yesterday he told me that he hadn t eaten any他的因feeTuesday.我自星期二以來(lái)他一直未吃任何東西.(指從星期二至昨天未吃東西) 表示時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度時(shí),通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：It s ten years since he left hM離開(kāi)這兒已 10 年了.(2) so far倒目前為止)：So far there has been no bad news! U現(xiàn)在為止還沒(méi)有什么壞消息.We haven t had any trouble scSaB前為止,我們還沒(méi)有遇到任何麻煩.(3) in for, during the past last在years(年中):In the past two years I veiSefeSjhmSiffle.見(jiàn)到他.I have been here (for) the last past month.最近一個(gè)月里我者 B 在這兒.【注】在一定的上下文里,假設(shè)是以過(guò)去