專八翻譯技巧總結(jié)

1、專八翻譯第一章 考題基本規(guī)律所有考題均圍繞人文話題,從未出現(xiàn)科學(xué)技術(shù)方面的考題。·英譯漢要求高于漢譯英要求,前者只要“達意” ,后者則還要“傳神” 。 ·首選順譯,不會出大錯。·英譯漢,直譯為主;漢譯英,意譯為主;時間緊迫,可以“譯述” 。 ·用兩種文化去思維,比如在英翻中時不能隨意套用漢語成語。·其他注意事項:1, 不要遺漏或曲解原文信息。2, 詞匯、句式恰當(dāng)而多變。3, 與原文風(fēng)格一致。4, 翻譯頭幾句要格外用心,提高印象分。第二章 漢譯英翻譯技巧一, 詞的翻譯1, 詞義選擇(1 語境詞手機刷新了人與人的關(guān)系。Cell phone has

2、altered the relationship among people.(2 表意模糊的詞這所全國重點大學(xué)為社會輸送了大批的人才。The national key university has prepared batches of qualified graduates for the society.(3 比喻詞匯老師答應(yīng)給這幾個學(xué)生“開小灶” 。The teacher promised to give these students special tuition.2, 詞義轉(zhuǎn)換:英語的靜態(tài)性和抽象性決定其出現(xiàn)名詞化和介詞化的傾向。(1動詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞吃頭兩個菜時,也是贊不絕口。You wi

3、ll be full of praise while eating the first main courses.(2動詞轉(zhuǎn)介詞這樣,每個地方都有自己的傳說,風(fēng)俗也就衍傳了下來。Thus, every place, with its own legends and tales, has its traditions and customs passed on from generation to generation.(3動詞轉(zhuǎn)形容詞所以人們對于大自然,全都一致并且深深地依賴著。Therefore, everyone has become unanimously and profoundly

4、dependent on Nature. (4形容詞副詞轉(zhuǎn)名詞只有這些生靈自由自在地享受著這個黃昏。leaving there living thins to enjoy this moment of dusk with full ease and freedom. (5名詞轉(zhuǎn)動詞大自然對人的恩賜,無論貧富,一律平等。People, poor or rich, are equally favored by Nature.3, 詞的增補(1語法需要:增補的詞多為冠詞、名詞、代詞、連詞、介詞。面對一池碧水,將憂心煩惱全拋到一邊,使自己的身心得到充分休息。When facing a pool of

5、green water, you forgot all your worries and annoyance and enjoy a good rest, both mentally and physically.在我所呆的三年半中, 共有 14位學(xué)生被招進了他的實驗室, 最后博士畢業(yè)的只剩下 5人。During the three and a half years I stayed at the lab, a total of 14 students were recruited to his lab, but only 5 of them got their doctors degrees

6、 at last.(2意思表達需要世界上第三代博物館是充滿全新概念的博物館。The third generation museums in the world are run on entirely new concepts.(3文化背景解釋的需要黃鼠狼給雞拜年。The weasel goes to pay his respects to the hen not with the best of wishes.4,詞的減省于是轉(zhuǎn)喜為怒,轉(zhuǎn)贊美為責(zé)備挑剔,轉(zhuǎn)首肯為搖頭。Then happiness turns to anger, praise to scolding and nit-pickin

7、g, and head-nodding to head-shaking.用點畫成線,用線畫成平面,用平面畫成立體。With points you can make a line; with lines, planes; with planes, solids.5,詞的替代(1 名 詞 成 分 替 代 :用 代 詞 替 代 重 復(fù) 出 現(xiàn) 的 名 詞 (this/that/all/both/none/some/any/who/which/whose ;用名詞性代詞替代重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的名 詞(enough/half/the former/the latter/the one ;同義詞替代。另一種方法是化

8、學(xué)方法。Another method is the chemical approach.(2謂語成分替代你說他很勤奮,他確實很勤奮。You say he is diligent, so he is.成績有雙重性,錯誤也有雙重性。Achievement has a dual character, so do mistakes.(3分句替代你會來出席會議嗎?假如不出席會議,請及早通知我們。Will you attend the meeting? If not, please notice us as soon as possible.二, 句子翻譯1,確立主干(1 確立主語·避免主語機械

9、對應(yīng)這個地區(qū)雨比較多。It rains a lot in this area.·方位詞或時間詞在主語位置山下住著一位老婦人。There lives an old lady at the foot of the mountain.·用 it 做主語翻譯主語是復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的漢語信不信是你的事。It is your concern whether you believe me or not.最好是等他們回來。It is advisable to wait till they come back.勤能補拙It is diligence that makes for deficiency

10、.(2確立謂語:英語的動詞通常只能由某個動詞或者系表結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任。在人際關(guān)系上我們不要太浪漫主義。We shouldnt be too romantic about personal relationship.當(dāng)他活著一天,總要盡量多工作、多學(xué)習(xí),不肯虛度年華,不讓時間白白地浪費掉。As long as he is living, he always work and study as hard as possible, unwilling to dream his life away, let alone waste even a single moment of life.2,語序調(diào)整(1定語

11、的位置:英語中,單詞充當(dāng)定語時多為前置,短語和從句充當(dāng)定語時多為后置。 釣魚是一項能陶冶性情的運動,有益于身心健康。Fishing is an outdoor sport that can cultivate your mind and it is good for your mental and physical health.(2狀語的位置他是 1970年 5月 20日在北京朝陽區(qū)出生的。He was born in Chaoyang District of Beijing on May 20, 1970.(3漢英語言敘事重心不同:漢語先敘事,后表態(tài)或評論,以突出話題,這叫主題句。漢 譯英

12、有時會譯為掉尾句,即先表態(tài)或評論,后敘事,以突出主語。萬一有什么困難,給我們一個信。Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.(4漢英語言強弱詞語的順序不同:英語遵循前輕后重,前簡后繁的原則。救死扶傷,實行革命的人道主義。Heal the wounded, rescue the dying, practice the revolutionary humanitarianism. 一霎時,一陣被人摒棄,為世所遺忘的悲憤兜上心頭,禁不住痛哭起來。In no time, I was thrown into a feeling of sorro

13、wful anger at being forgotten and abandoned by the rest of the world and could not help crying my heart out.(5否定的轉(zhuǎn)移不是所有的金屬都具有同樣好的導(dǎo)電性能。All metals do not conduct electricity equally well.我的朋友都不吸煙。None of my friends smoke.(6習(xí)慣用法衣食住行是老百姓關(guān)心的大問題。Food, clothing, shelter and transportation are the biggest c

14、oncern of the common people.他饑寒交迫,吃了不少苦。He suffered a great deal from cold and hunger.3,正反互換(1漢語正說,英語反譯那個房間總是關(guān)著的。The windows of that room were never open.(2漢語反說,英語反譯·漢語用“無、不、沒、非”等詞表示全部否定,在英語中可用 no, not, none, nothing, nor, neither 等詞以及否定前綴、后綴等來對應(yīng)翻譯。學(xué)習(xí)外語離不開好的詞典。A good dictionary is indispensable

15、 for learning a foreign language.·漢語用 “決不、 永不、 從不” 等詞表示絕對否定, 在英語中可用 never, not at all, by no means等進行對譯。在任何情況下我們都不應(yīng)該放棄希望。Under no circumstances should we give up our hope.·漢語用 “并非總是”“ 不是太” 等表示部分否定, 在英語中可用 not every, not much, not always等進行對譯。·漢語中用“幾乎不、很少”等表示半否定,在英語中可用 barely, hardly,

16、seldom等進行對 譯。(3漢語反說,英語正譯:英語中有一類詞形式上是肯定的,但意義上是否定的,在翻譯 漢語否定句時,可以直接使用。生活遠非凈是樂事。Life is far from being a bed of roses.風(fēng)景沒得無以言表。The scenery is too beautiful to describe.(4雙重否定的翻譯:漢譯英的雙重否定用“否定詞 +not”來處理。所有規(guī)則都有例外。沒有你的幫助,我是不能按時完成這一工作的。But for your help, I should not have finished the work in time.人不會不犯錯誤。It

17、 is impossible but that a man will make some mistakes.4,語態(tài)對譯(1漢語中的許多隱性被動結(jié)構(gòu)在英譯文中藥轉(zhuǎn)為顯性。推薦我的是一位教授。I was recommended by a professor.(2漢語泛稱如“有人” 、 “大家”等做主語時,英譯時多使用被動結(jié)構(gòu);含有“據(jù)說”等 不定人稱的詞語時,通常比較固定的用被動結(jié)構(gòu)進行英譯中。(3漢語表示被動的句子在譯為英語時,也可能轉(zhuǎn)為主動句:一是表示“開始” 、 “結(jié)束” 意義的不及物動詞;二是表示“移位” 、 “運轉(zhuǎn)”意義的動詞;三是無靈主語的動作正在進 行時。蔬菜正在鍋里做著。The

18、vegetables are cooking.5,長句翻譯(1原序?qū)ψg:針對單一主語長句,關(guān)鍵是分清邏輯中心和層次。我在山坡的小屋里,悄悄掀起窗簾,窺見園中大千世界,一片喧鬧。Without being noticed, I lifted the curtain of my small room, only to spy a bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the gardon.最為常見的是,一個人走著走著突然停下來,眼鏡盯著手機屏幕發(fā)短信,他不在乎停在馬 路中央還是廁所旁邊。We are very familiar with the scene

19、 when a person suddenly stopped his/her steps to edit short messages with eyes glued at the phone, not caring about his/her stopping in the roadcenter or beside the restroom.中華民族自古以來從不把人看作高于一切,在哲學(xué)文藝方面的表現(xiàn)都反映出人在自然界與 萬物占著一個比例恰當(dāng)?shù)牡匚?而非絕對統(tǒng)治萬物的主宰。Chinese people has never regarded human being as the highest

20、 creature among everything else since ancient times, whose behavior in both philosophy and arts take a rather appropriate proportion with all others in the natural world, but not as an absolute dominant ruler.(2分句合譯它們幾乎沒有一個顧得上抬起頭來,看一眼這美麗的黃昏。Hardly any of them cares to look up and throws a glance at

21、the beautiful twilight.一個人的生命究竟有多大意義,這有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可以衡量嗎?Could there be any standards to evaluate the meaning of ones life?(3斷句分譯一個春天的傍晚,園中百花怒放,父母在園中設(shè)宴,霎時賓客云集,笑語四溢。One spring evening, my parents held a banquet in the garden where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom. Instantly, a crowd of guests gathered

22、 together and their laughter was heard all over there.(4主、次信息句在世紀(jì)之交的偉大時代, 我們的祖國正在走向繁榮富強, 海峽兩岸人民也將加強交流, 共同推進祖國統(tǒng)一大業(yè)早日完成。At the turn of century, as our motherland is becoming more prosperous and powerful, people across the Straits will strengthen their exchanges, and work together to realize the cause

23、of the reunification of our motherland.5, 無主句但是, 大體上看一個人對待生命的態(tài)度是否嚴肅認真, 看待他對待工作、 生活的態(tài)度如何, 也就不難對這個人的存在意義做出適當(dāng)?shù)墓烙嬃恕owever, if we, on the whole, can find out whether his attitude towards his life is serious ornot and what is his attitude towards his life and work, it would not be difficult to make an ap

24、propriate evaluation of the meaning of ones life.三, 段落翻譯1, 段落的銜接:運用連接詞、替代詞、指稱語、特定冠詞,體現(xiàn)語篇性。有水有魚的地方大都是好環(huán)境的,好環(huán)境便會給人好心情。A place with water and fish is necessarily blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood.2,段落的連貫大自然對人的恩賜, 無論貧富, 一律平等, 所以人們對于自然, 全都一致并深深地依賴著。 尤其在鄉(xiāng)間,上千年來人們一直以不變的

25、方式生活著。People, poor or rich, are equally favored by Nature. Therefore human beings, with no exception, have been deeply dependant on it. This is particularly true in the country side where people have been living in the same styles for thousands of years.3,段落的文體我們的揚子江、黃河,可以代表我們的民族精神,揚子江及黃河遇見沙漠、遇見山峽都

26、是浩浩蕩蕩的往前流過去,以成其濁流滾滾,一瀉千里的魄勢。The Yangtze River and the Yellow River are both the symbolic of our national spirit. The two mighty rivers negotiate desserts and gorges until their turbid torrents surge forward with irresistible force.臺灣海峽局勢復(fù)雜、嚴峻,李登輝悍然拋出所謂“兩國論”的分裂主張,臺灣當(dāng)局新領(lǐng) 導(dǎo)人對一個中國原則采取回避和模糊的態(tài)度,臺灣分裂勢力圖謀以各

27、種形式把臺灣從中國 分割出去,嚴重破壞了海峽兩岸和平統(tǒng)一的前提和基礎(chǔ)。這是造成臺灣海峽局勢緊張的根 本原因。Taiwan Straits situation is now complicated and grim and the tension across the Straits hasbeen created by the so-called “two-states” theory flagrantly dished out in an attempt to split the country by Lee Teng-hui, the former illegal “president”

28、of Taiwan, and the evasive and obscure attitude of the new leaders of the Taiwan authorities towards the One-China principle as well as Taiwan separatist forces scheme of splitting the island province from China in one form or another, which have seriously undermined the preconditions and foundation

29、 for peaceful reunification across the Straits. 第三章 一， 英譯漢翻譯技巧 詞的翻譯 1， 詞義選擇 （1） 根據(jù)詞性選擇詞義 Writers can not bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. 詩人約翰·濟慈 26 歲便溘然長逝，文人們對此難以接受。然而他們自己過了 26 歲時，卻半 開玩笑地認為自己的生命是失

30、敗的。 （2） 根據(jù)詞的使用場合及上下文聯(lián)系選擇詞義 Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos. 科技的進步正在使我們能夠探索宇宙的邊陲。 （3） 根據(jù)詞的搭配和習(xí)慣選擇詞義 Winners do not play “helpless”, nor do they play the blaming game. 贏家絕不會擺出一副無助的樣子，更不會玩弄推卸責(zé)任的游戲。 2， 詞義引申 （1） 具體引申 We have ability t

31、o solve this crisis and avoid the worst. 我們有能力化解這場危機，避免其往最壞的方向發(fā)展。 （2） 抽象引申 Because once you know how you are and how other people see you, you can then get into the drivers seat. 因為一旦你了解了自己的狀況以及別人對你的看法，你就能掌握主動權(quán)。 3， 詞類轉(zhuǎn)換 （1） 名詞轉(zhuǎn)動詞 The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. 游戲的種種

32、規(guī)則就是將困難武斷地強加于人。 （2） 介詞轉(zhuǎn)動詞 Victory at all costsvictory in spite of all terrorsfor without victory there is no survival. 不惜一切代價去奪取勝利不懼一切恐怖去奪取勝利因為沒有勝利就不能生存下去。 （3） 形容詞轉(zhuǎn)動詞 Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. 贏家無懼于運用自己的知識進行獨立思考。 4， 詞的增加 （1） 使語義完整 In his classica

33、l novel, “The Pioneers”, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. 詹姆斯·費尼莫爾·庫珀在他的經(jīng)典小說拓荒者一書中，描述了主人公一個地產(chǎn)開 發(fā)商，帶著表妹游覽一座他正在建造的城市的情景。 （2） 補出原文省略部分 Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of

34、 the family itself. 除了上述原因之外，子女對于家庭這一制度本身也有著極其深遠的意義。 （3） 傳達語法含義 A U-2 pilot also carried a shaving kit, civilian clothes, pictures of his wife, some gold coins, watches and rings U-2 型駕駛員還帶了一套修面工具， 幾件衣服， 幾張妻子的照片， 一些金幣、 手表和戒指 5， 詞的刪減 （1） 結(jié)構(gòu)性刪詞 Although pure science usually has no apparent connection

35、with technology, it does lend itself to the development of applied science. 理論科學(xué)雖然通常與技術(shù)沒有明顯的聯(lián)系，但確實有助于應(yīng)用科學(xué)的發(fā)展。 （2） 修辭性刪詞 There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, and the grass was dead. 天未下雪，但葉落草枯。 二， 句的翻譯 1， 句序調(diào)整 （1） 主語重心變?yōu)橹黝}重心 The last time universities experienced such far-reaching

36、change in information processing was during the last quarter of the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th century. 在信息處理方面， 高等院校上一次深遠的變革發(fā)生在 19 世紀(jì)后期和 20 世紀(jì)前期的 50 年間。 （2） 前置重心變?yōu)楹笾弥匦?Im lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel

37、 empty and need filling up. 只有在我過于勞累時， 在我長時間無間斷地工作時， 或是在我感到內(nèi)心空虛需要充實的時候， 我才會感到孤獨。 （3） 銜接手段連接變?yōu)闀r間順序鋪陳 I came back yesterday from Hong Kong where I had spent two weeks vacation after the completion of the construction job I had been in charge of in the south. 我在南方負責(zé)一項工程建設(shè)，任務(wù)完成后，我到香港度了兩周的假，昨天剛剛回家。 （4） 無

38、靈主語變?yōu)槿朔Q主語 Our world is bursting of knowledgebut desperately in need of wisdom. 我們正處于一個知識泛濫、卻極度缺乏智慧的世界之中。 （5） 狀語位序的調(diào)整 PC industry has developed rapidly all over the world during the past 20 years. 個人電腦產(chǎn)業(yè)在過去二十年里在世界各地得到了迅速發(fā)展。 （6） 定語位序的調(diào)整 A smart machine such as this one would be capable of helping peop

39、le in a variety of professions. 這樣聰明的機器將能夠為各行各業(yè)的人們提供幫助。 2， 語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)譯 （1） 被動句變主動句 He is respected by everybody. 人人都尊敬他。 （2） 被動句變泛稱句 I was told not to trust what I read in the newspaper. 有人告訴我不要相信報紙上的消息。 （3） 被動句變無主句 Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of

40、 taking up the habit. 應(yīng)該盡最大努力告誡年輕人吸煙的危害，特別是染上煙癮后的嚴重后果。 3， 正反轉(zhuǎn)換 （1） 英語正說，漢語反譯 If you hang back, and reserve and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. 如果讀書伊始便固步自封、處處設(shè)防。甚至批評挑剔，那么你就無法盡可能多地從閱讀中獲 得最大的價值。 （2） 英語反說，漢語正譯 I didnt give up ho