高二英語轉(zhuǎn)述直接引語為間接引語“四忌”人教版

1、高二英語轉(zhuǎn)述直接引語為間接引語“四忌”一忌句型混雜。如：1.He said,"If we don't work hard we won't be able to pass the exam."誤：He said if they didn't work hard they wouldn't be able to pass the exam.正：He said that if they didn't work hard they wouldn't be able to pass the exam.簡析：陳述句變間接引語時(shí)，多用連接

2、詞that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句，而且這個(gè)連詞that常可以省略。但如遇if, when, where等引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，that不宜省略，否則會(huì)與一般疑問句和特殊疑問句的間接引語混淆。2. She said to us, "He isn't a teacher, is he?"誤：She said to us that he wasn't a teacher, was he?正：She asked us whether / if he was a teacher.簡析：反意疑問句變?yōu)殚g接引語與一般疑問句一樣，用if或whether來引導(dǎo)賓語從句，并且主句中的sai

3、d (to)要改成asked，選擇疑問句也是如此。3.They said to us,"How do you go to school?"誤：They told us that how we went to school.正：They asked us how we went to school.簡析：特殊疑問句應(yīng)用原來的特殊疑問詞來引導(dǎo)賓語從句，不能重復(fù)用that了，并且主句中的said (to)要改為asked,而不像陳述句那樣改為told。另外，感嘆句的變化形式與特殊疑問句相同，但主句多用claimed等表示感嘆的動(dòng)詞。4.The mother said to the

4、 son, "Never throw your things about."誤：The mother said to the son never throw his things about.正：The mother told the son never to throw his things about.簡析：祈使句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，間接引語的動(dòng)詞常由原來的say酌情改為tell, ask, order, advise, beg, warn等動(dòng)詞。否定形式的祈使句變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，要將don't變?yōu)閚ot to, never用never to。經(jīng)過以上幾個(gè)實(shí)

5、例的講解，現(xiàn)在你記住了嗎：陳述句that從句一般、選擇、反意疑問句if / whether從句特殊疑問句、感嘆句what /how /when / where/ who/ whose/ which/ why從句祈使句tell/ask/order/advise/beg/ warn someone (not/never) to do sth.二忌變化不同步。如：5.He asked the boy, "What does your mother do?"誤：He asked the boy what did his mother do.正：He asked the boy wh

6、at his mother did.簡析：間接引語用陳述句語序，在變化過程中沒有一步到位。6.The second time I saw him, he said, "I left my hometown five years ago."誤：The second time I saw him, he told me he had left his hometown five years ago.正：The second time I saw him, he told me he had left his hometown five years before.簡析：時(shí)間狀語變

7、化沒有跟上。另外，還有地點(diǎn)狀語、人稱代詞或指示代詞變化不同步的現(xiàn)象。三忌匆忙不細(xì)。如：7.Mother said to my boyfriend, "Where do you live?"誤：Mother asked my boyfriend where he did live.正：Mother asked my boyfriend where he lived.簡析：助動(dòng)詞是用來幫助構(gòu)成疑問句的，故此處不能再用了，而謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)作時(shí)態(tài)形式的變化。8.The policeman said to me, "Please lock the car when you le

8、ave."誤：The policeman asked me to lock the car when I leave.正：The policeman asked me to lock the car when I left.簡析：直接引語中祈使句的從句不能受其主句變?yōu)椴欢ㄊ接迷蝿?dòng)詞影響而忘了變化時(shí)態(tài)。四忌變化機(jī)械。如：9.The policeman asked, "What's wrong?"誤：The policeman asked what wrong was.正：The policeman asked what was wrong.簡析：直接引語中

9、的what為主語，be應(yīng)在其后。10.The old man says, "The road is too bad."誤：The old man says that the road was too bad.正：The old man says that the road is too bad.簡析：間接引語主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般將來時(shí)says/is saying/have said /will say that,從句用原來的時(shí)態(tài)，不作改變。11.She said, "Light travels faster than sound

10、."誤：She said that light traveled faster than sound.正：She said that light travels faster than sound.簡析：當(dāng)直接引語是表示不因時(shí)間變化而變化的科學(xué)真理或客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。12."I was born in 1984," said my friend.誤：My friend said he had been born in 1984.正：My friend said he was born in 1984.簡析：如果直接引語中有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，仍然

11、用一般過去時(shí)為好。13.They said at last, "We'd better start out at once."誤：They said at last that they had had better started out at once.正：They said at last that they'd better start out at once.簡析：當(dāng)直接引語中的謂語動(dòng)詞含有無過去時(shí)形式的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，不應(yīng)機(jī)械地用過去完成時(shí)。關(guān)于疑問句的直接與間接引語一、直接引語如果是一般疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)，用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo)引語部分作

12、賓語從句。如： 1) The teacher asked me,"Are you the monitor?" The teacher asked me if / whether I was the monitor. 老師問我是否是班長。 2)"Do you want me to help you?" she asked me. She asked if I wanted her to help me. 她問我是否要她幫忙。 二、直接引語如果是選擇疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)，一般用whether引導(dǎo)。如： 3) Mother asked me, "D

13、o you like the dress or the skirt?" Mother asked me whether I liked the dress or the skirt. 媽媽問我是喜歡套裝還是喜歡裙子。 4) Li Ming asked Tom, "Are you going to buy the dictionary or the magazine?" Li Ming asked Tom whether he was going to buy the dictionary or the magazine.李明問湯姆他是要買詞典還是要買雜志。 三、直

14、接引語如果是反意疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)，可以用if或whether引導(dǎo)。如果主句中的謂語動(dòng)詞是said，要改為asked，沒有間接賓語的可以加一個(gè)間接賓語me, him或us等。如： 5)"The Red Star over China is a popular book, isn't it?" she said. She asked (me) if / whether The Red Star over China was a popular book. 她問我紅星照中國是否是一本很流行的書。 6)"You are good at English son

15、gs, are you?" the teacher said to Hang Lijuan. The teacher asked Hang Lijuan if / whether she was good at English songs.老師問杭黎鵑是否擅長英文歌曲。 四、直接引語如果是特殊疑問句，變成間接引語時(shí)，仍用原特殊疑問詞來引導(dǎo)賓語從句。除特殊疑問詞作主語外，都要將疑問語序改為陳述語序。如： 7)"What are you talking about?" Li Hai asked them. Li Hai asked them what they were talking about. 李海問他們正在談?wù)撌裁础?8)"Where did you go last Friday?" she asked me. She asked me where I had gone the Friday before. 她問我上星期五去哪兒了。 注意：1)引語如果是客觀事實(shí)或自然規(guī)律，則時(shí)態(tài)不變。如： 9) Xiao Ming asked the teacher, "Does the earth go round the sun?" Xiao Ming ask