BEC段落寫作訓(xùn)練

1、段落的特點(diǎn)一般來說，段落主要由三部分組成，即主題句、擴(kuò)展句和結(jié)尾句。主題句是篇章的核心，它表明作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)、意圖等，同時(shí)反映了段落的中 心思想。主題句應(yīng)具備：一是明確的觀點(diǎn)，二是有一定的概括性，能用其它句子來解釋、描 述、分析等。擴(kuò)展句主要圍繞著主題句進(jìn)行敘述，說明或論述等。擴(kuò)展句必須明確、具體。 總結(jié)句指用一句話將某一主旨進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)或概括，有時(shí)還起承上啟下的作用。總結(jié)句需要與主題呼應(yīng)，引發(fā)讀者對段落主題的進(jìn)一步認(rèn)識?？傊?，篇章的主題必須統(tǒng)一，內(nèi)容完整、 結(jié)構(gòu)連貫，長度適度。段落的發(fā)展段落的擴(kuò)展對構(gòu)成一篇文章，展示文章的主題，有著舉足輕重的作用。常用的方 式有：1. 排列順序：既按照內(nèi)容

2、的主次、時(shí)間的先后或位置的先后來進(jìn)行論證，陳述或 解釋。常用的詞語有：first / firstly , sec ond / sec on dly , furthermore , fin ally ,above all , first and mostimporta nt , to beg in / start with , in the sec ond place , moreover , to conclude , next , then , afterward lastly , in the end , eventually.2. 比較和對比：一般來說，比較包括相同點(diǎn)和相異點(diǎn)。對比則僅指

3、相異點(diǎn)。常見的詞及詞組有：in comparison (with ) , likewise , similarly , in the same way , equally , but , in contrast With / to ,instead , conversely , on the contrary , in /by contrast , while , Correspondingly.3. 因果和推理：這種段落發(fā)展方式通常用于解釋某件事發(fā)生的原因和結(jié)果。經(jīng)常用到的因果關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞詞組有：cause , produce , lead to , bring about , resu

4、ltfrom , be due to , have an effect on , result in.因果關(guān)系的連接詞有：due to , the fact that , for the simple reason , because(of), so that , con seque ntly, hence , as a result , accord in gly, therefore ,so long as , so , thus , owing to , now that , for / as , since.4. 舉例：用實(shí)例來說明作者的觀點(diǎn)是舉例段落的發(fā)展方式。采用舉例的方式，使文章

5、內(nèi)容更加充實(shí)，更富有內(nèi)涵。常用于舉例的詞和詞組有：such as , for example , forinstanee , as an illustration , to illustrate , a case in point , as follows , just as , just as , including , like.短文短文的基本格式為：開始段，主體段和結(jié)論段。開始段是短文的中心，即主題。文章的開頭段必須把握兩個(gè)原則：表明文章的主題使文章的發(fā)展有所遵循；引發(fā)讀者的興趣、使他確信值得讀下去。主體段，即文章的發(fā)展，是文章的中心的發(fā)展，它以文章的開頭為線索，準(zhǔn)確，具體而充實(shí)地論證、

6、說明或分析文章的主題。主體段須遵循1 )文章的發(fā)展必須通暢、自然。2 )文章的發(fā)展必須聯(lián)貫統(tǒng)一。3 )文章的發(fā)展必須長短適度。結(jié)論段：同文章的開頭和發(fā)展一樣，文章的結(jié)尾也是寫作成敗的關(guān)鍵。它起著總結(jié)，概括全篇的作用，使主題更加鮮明，結(jié)構(gòu)更加完美。Section I補(bǔ)充主題句1) ， gen erally ， the sta ndard of educati on ishigher. This is because colleges and universities have up-to-date equipmentand other resources. Also ， teachers and

7、 lectures are highly-skilledprofessionals who are aware of all the latest developments in their fields ofinterest. A final point is that the overseas qualifications which a student obtainsare valid usually any where in the world.2) . These in clude defe nse capabilities and socialsecurity. Private e

8、n terprise and the profit motive should not form part of theseesse ntial services. On the other hand， some services could be provided byeither governments or private groups or both. Education and health care areexamples of such services. A gover nment must provide at least a basic level ofeducati on

9、 and health care so all citize ns call have access to them.3) . Every day there are opport un ities to practiceliste ning to and speak ing with Australia ns. Also， stude nts can experie nee theculture first-ha nd ， which is a great help whe n trying to un dersta nd theIan guage. This is especially t

10、rue if they choose to live with Australia ns， as partof a home-stay family ， for example. Furthermore，if stude nts atte nd aIan guage school full-time ， the teachers will be n ative speakers.4) . Jose did not complete his mathematicsyesterday. He spent the first fifteen minutes of the hour working o

11、n the first ofthe ten exam in ati on problems. He spe nt other minu tes doodli ng on his testpaper.5) . One example is the word “graft. ” The verb tograft first meant merely to work. English people once used the word in suchexpressions as“ Where are you grafting ？ ”， meaning “ Where are youworking ？

12、 ”。 From this perfectly respectable meaning， the word has graduallycha nged. Today graft refers to illegal gains won by dish on est politicia ns.Section II重組下面的段落6. Certa inly TV can be a powerful educati onal tool. People can lear nabout situati ons and problems far away, and beg in to un dersta nd

13、 differe ntcultures. Many in formative docume ntaries about n ature, n ews , and socialissues are made now , and these can stimulate people to action. People in isolated areas can know for themselves what is happe ning in the world. This gives them the power to make their own decisions and form thei

14、r own opinions.7. I n my opin io n,televisi on is the most importa nt tech no logicaldevelopme nt. Nowadays almost every one in the world has access to TV.Television has caused significant changes in family life and education. Some of these cha nges have bee n positive while others have bee n n egat

15、ive.8. However , the cha nges have not all bee n positive. Before televisi onwas widely available , families spe nt more time together talki ng and playi ng games. They seemed much closer to each other tha n modem families.9. To sum up , I feel that,overall , there are strong positive effectsof TV i

16、n terms of its educati on role,but it has in may ways altered people andfamilies in a n egative sen se.10. Also , the fact is that people waste a lot of time watch ing poorquality programs which do not have a positive in flue nee. People get a bad impressi on of the real world from such programs. Fu

17、rthermore, TV issometimes used to deliberately misi nform people； for example whe n it is usedto as a propaga nda tool by gover nmen ts.Section IV用啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)，合詞填空Text 1Teachers of foreig n Ian guages should be extremely well-qualified inorder to carry out their duties properly. 15) , a teacher should pos

18、sessa minimum of a graduate degree from a certified education school or institute ifhe is to teach high school or below. Besides the academic degree, teachersshould not con sider teach ing only as an occupati on for earning money; theyshould also be in terested in teach in g. It was 16)n ecessary th

19、at teachersbe knowledgeable in their major fields,17 ) they should further morebe skillful as well. 18) the Ianguage teacher must know the targetIan guage well eno ugh to be imitated by his stude nts. A teacher should 19)know the lin guistic facts of the Ian guage of the stude nts in order tounderst

20、and problems they will have in learning the target Ianguage,20 )the teacher must be familiar with audio-l in gual tech niq ues. Knowing all this will help the stude nts to lear n correctly and quickly.Text 221 ) studying too much may be harmful to students. 22) , many teachers expect their stude nts

21、 to do more work tha n they can handle. 23) , parents do not realize that pressuring their children tostudy hardthan called for can injure their children s health. 24nostpare nts know what grow ing boys and girls n eed relaxati on as well as exercise 25 ) many students have no choice but to burn the

22、 candle at the bothends in order to get good grades and please their pare nts, but a physicallyweaker or socially deprived child may not be able to keep up with such a hurried pace. Accord in gly, this pressure to study in excess of what is required.1 ) Uni versity Stude nts Like Read ing Newspapers

23、 in En glishDear Editor :1 am a stude nt at Renmin Uni versity of China in Beiji ng. As a regularwho goes to the university library s newspaper, roomave discovered thatmany stude nts like readi ng n ewspaper in En glish, especially China Daily.The reas on that China Daily is popular among stude nts

24、is not difficult toexplain. A major characteristic of China Daily is the conciseness of its articles.Most of the articles are brief, clearly writte n and in formative. Many stude ntsare busy with their studies and done mu haspare time. However, byreadi ng China Daily , readers can get up-to-date n e

25、ws about China and the world and enhance their read ing capabilities at the same time and, moreimportantly , it doesn t cost them a lot of time. In this sense, China Daily isprovidi ng a sort of- fotafet ” to its readers. Furthermore , China Daily alsohelps its readers improve their writing skills.

26、For those students who find English compositi ons difficult, articles on Chi na Daily serve as perfect examples.Many fellow stude nts told me that they had lear ned a lot from China Daily about China and the world. As a result they also improved their readi ng and writing and got high marks in Engli

27、sh exams.Yours Sincerely ,Lin Weiyi ng2 ) China s Most Famous Symbol in Need Of HelpYears ago , walk ing the Great Wall in the Beiji ng regi on was like noother experie nee in Chin a. It was peaceful； there were no coke cans or min eralwater bottles to spoil the viewit was quite simply the world s m

28、ostspectacular ope n air museum.How things have cha nged! There are now cans and bottlesandsometimes much worse. While I used to spend most of recreational time climb ing the Great Wall , I have found myself spe nding an in creas ing amount of time clea ning up the wall. In the last 18 mon ths I hav

29、e orga ni zed four Great Wall clea n-up activities , mobiliz ing around 350 people to collect garbage. I ask myself , why is the Great Wall becoming such a dump?Litter was not a problem at in the 1980s, because packagers of foodsand drinks used traditional materials that were biodegradable or return

30、able.Now , as the market economy has expanded, consumption has boomed. Ineveryday life , plastic bottles , metal cans, foils and cellophane are widely usedas disposable packagi ng materials. In creased mobility as the result of mushroo ming private car own ership has also fueled the widespread use a

31、nd abuse of disposable packagi ng.View ing this serpe nt of stone snaking across the mountains north 0fBeijing , I know that the Great Wall is the No 1 won der of the world, a preciousand unique cultural relic ,a fragile wilder ness. The Great Wall is in dan ger ofbeco ming just a symbol, despoiled

32、in reality. I hope that more people can startto show their love for the Great Wall in actio n.3) Wealth and Happ in essWealth has always bee n what some people long for. It is true that mostof them try to acquire wealth by mea ns of hon est labor. Their efforts con tribute to the welfare of the soci

33、ety and at the same time to the accumulation of their wealth , and hence to their happ in ess.There is no doubt that wealth brings happ in ess, especially in themoder n society. Various kinds of up-to-date household applia nces, latestfashi ons and recreati ons make their appeara nee with each pass

34、ing day. All this makes our life more comfortable and colorful. Therefore, without money wecannot turn admiration into reality.But there are excepti ons whe n wealth does not go hand in hand withhapp in ess. Wealth may tempt weak-willed pers ons to be addicted to harmful habits , such as drug-taking

35、 and gambling, and result in their own ruin. Alsoa person may lost his reason and go astray if he is entirely devoted to seeking wealth.In my opinion , on no acco unt can we ide ntify wealth with happ in ess.I also believe that one should n ever rely only on wealth to achieve happ in ess.4) The Figh

36、t Aga inst CrimeToday the crime rate in some of our cities seems to be rising. Manycitize ns compla in about the thefts and robberies which take place in their street blocks. Therefore , more and more people are appeali ng to the authorities to take strong measures to reduce the crime rate.Faced wit

37、h crimi nals , differe nt people have differe nt attitudes towardsthem. Some become so frightened that they tend to give up fighting or to turna bli nd eve to the crim in als. Others, however , are brave eno ugh to fight thecrimi nals even at the risk of their own lives. In their eyes, resp on sibil

38、ity is themost importa nt of all the values that hold hon est people together Without it there can be no self-respect , no trust , no law-a nd, ultimately , no society.There is no doubt that they set a good example for all of us to follow.As far as I am concerned ,my suggesti ons are as follow. In t

39、he firstplace , every one of us should receive a law educati on. Secon dly,crim in alsmust be puni shed severely. Fin ally, it is urge nt to set up a foun dati on to rewardthose who fight crim in als. In this way we can sta nd up to any crime and smash it.5) Challe nges of Environmen tal IssuesEn vi

40、ro nmen tal protectio n has aroused great concern among people. Inmany cities , especially in big populous cities,en viro nmen tal polluti on hasbecome really serious. For example, an urba n populati on of 12 millio n and 1.4minion vehicles in Beijing puts great pressure on resources and the en viro

41、 nment, The un dergro und water level in Beiji ng has continued todecrease in recent years due to excessive use. Coal burning, exhaust emissionsfrom vehicles and factories also intensify the city s environmental problems. Wehave to pay the historical debts we owe to the en viro nment because of earl

42、y rapid econo mic developme nt.However , polluti on con trol does not have to hin der econo micdevelopme nt. In a sense , it is a stimulati on to the economy because polluti oncon trols motivate en terprises to aim for higher in dustrial sta ndards and start a material and resource efficie nt produc

43、ti on. The exhaust con trol on vehicles can be cited as an example. Some municipal governments require that the pollutant level in vehicle emissi ons be con trolled to reduce air polluti on. Uni eaded gasoli ne has also bee n promoted duri ng the past year. As a result, automobileand chemical factor

44、ies have to enhance their producti on tech no logy to meet the dema nd.Now some mun icipal gover nments have also take n such measures tostop the polluti on as replaci ng coal with n atural gas, reduci ng dust anddeforestati on to improve the lives of reside nts. In Beiji ng,30 per cent of fuelused

45、in urba n cen ters will come from n atural gas. Low sulfur coal is replaci ng high sulfur coal for factories. Many small boilers and kitchen ranges in restaura nts and dining halls have bee n replaced by gas ovens.As we can see that the measures have bee n effectively combati ngpolluti on. The air s

46、ulfur dioxide den sity has bee n on the decli ne since this year,and the den sity of total suspe nded particles and carb on mono xide bas bee n kept on the same level as last year. Though the density of nitrogen oxides continuesto in crease because of the rising of the nu mber of automobiles, the de

47、gree ofgrowth has bee n reduced.Despite the progress some big cities have achieved in improv ing thelocal en vir onment, we believe that big city pla nners should adopt acomprehe nsive environmen tal policy, which is more importa nt tha n thedetailed measures and achieveme nt.6) Opport un ities don

48、t come o ften. They come every once in a while.Very ofte n, They come quietly and go by without being no ticed. Therefore, itis advisable that you should value and treat them with care.When an opport unity comes, it brings a promise but n ever realizes iton its own. If you want to achieve someth ing

49、 or intend to fulfill one of yourambiti ons , you must work hard , make efforts and get prepared. Otherwise,you will take no advantage of opportunities when they come to visit you.The differe nee betwee n a man who succeeds and one who does no t liesonly in the way each treats opport un ities. The s

50、uccessful pers on always makesadequate preparati ons to meet opport un ities as they duly arrive. Theunsuccessful person, on the other hand , works little and just waits to see thempass by.In my opinion , there are ple nty of opport un ities for every one in oursociety , but only those who are prepa

51、red adequately and qualified highly canmake use of them to achieve their purpose.7 ) EDUEATION IN CHINAIn the wave of the econo mic reform, many scholars and educatorshave realized that China s education system especially the higher education,has to gear itself to the market economy.First of all , t

52、he prese nt college educati on system cannot meet then eeds follow ing the developme nt of the market economy. For example, theen rollme nt and job assig nment which are carried out in the conven ti on ally pla nned manners , should be reformed.The competiti on in the n ext cen tury will be based on

53、 n ati onal stre ngthand on scie nee and tech no logy. Therefore,trai ning high-calibre Professi onal isimporta nt. Some one suggested to build 20 to 30 quality uni versities in a bid to train high-level professi on als. But this is far from eno ugh. If the state wants to succeed , it has to develop

54、 applied scienee, high-tech , inter-disciplinaryscie nces and engin eeri ng tech no logy. The uni versities should try to readjust their syllabus in order to meet the n eeds of econo mic and social developme nt.The reform is a Ion g-term job. The sec ond problem is concerning the expe nditure of uni

55、 versities and colleges. The expe nditure comes mai nly from the State and the marketi ng of research findings: But it is not eno ugh to relyon allocati ons from the state and the in come of the school. Now many schools have asked the stude nts to pay a certa in amount of fees. This is workable beca

56、use China s college education is not compulsory and with the improvement of people s living standards, parents are willing to pay for education, collegescan set up scholarships and stude nts loa ns for outsta nding stude nts from low- in come families.From a strategic point of view, the country shou

57、ld in creaseexpe nditure on educati on. If China want to stre ngthe n her overall n atio nalstre ngth , the best way is to start from educati on.9 ) ECONOMIC REFORMS IN CHINAChina has take n her econo mic reforms for n early two decades. Peoplehave greatly ben efited from the free market economy. Ye

58、ar in and year out,our salaries are higher and higher, and at the same time , our deposit securedsteadily. With money in pocket, people can turn their eyes to other forms ofcon sumpti on in stead of livi ng n ecessities: They have more opport un ities toenjoy their lives. Mean while the nu mber of people in poverty al