專題08動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)(易錯起源)_2018年高考英語備考黃金易錯點Word版含解析

1、.word格式.專題08動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)【易*區(qū)，a為m1. （2017 d匕京）People better access to health care than they used to, and they ' re living longer asa result.A. will have B. have C. had D. had had喀案】B解析】句意：人們有著比過去更好的醫(yī)療保險，結(jié)果他們更長壽。與過去對比是現(xiàn)在，所以than前一句話是用現(xiàn)在的時間，而且后一句用的就是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，所以前面也用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，故選Bo2 .（2017 全國卷 n）. .However, the rai

2、lway quickly proved to be a great success and within sixmonths.Later, engineers （manage） to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels （隧道）,which became known as the Tube.【解析】此處表示后來j工程師們設法在一個深隧道系統(tǒng)建設鐵路，這被稱為加氏。根據(jù)上下文語境和句 子的時間狀語匕他1以及從句的謂語或詞片皿可加這里用一般過去時本題是對動詞時態(tài)的最基礎(chǔ)知 識的考查，做題時首先要注意句子的時間狀語，式欠注意其所含從句的動詞時

3、態(tài)，再結(jié)合句子意思,綜合 考慮確定所埴動詞的形式?？Π浮縨anaged3 .（2017全國卷 出）Sarah says , “ My dad thinks I should take the offenow. But at the moment , school（come） first.解析】此處表示但目前，學校是第一位的。根據(jù)語境可知，這里指的是一般情況，因此用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)?？忌菀资軙r間狀語 at the moment 的影響，誤填現(xiàn)在進行時或者現(xiàn)在完成時?？Π竎omes4 、 （ 2017 江蘇）He hurried home, never once looking back to se

4、e if he.A. was being followedB. was followingC. had been followedD. followed【 答案 】 A【 解析 】 考查賓語從句和時態(tài)。 根據(jù)句子成分可知， He 和 follow 是被動關(guān)系， 排除B、 D。 根據(jù)句意： 在匆忙趕回家的路上， 他從未回頭看是否被跟蹤， 用過去進行時最合適， 答案選A。5.(2017 全國卷 I )When fat and salt (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.【 解析 】 句意 ： 當脂肪和

5、食鹽被從食物中去掉之后， 食物嘗起來就好像失去了什么一樣。 根據(jù)句意可知這里fat and salt 和動詞 remove 之間為動賓關(guān)系； 由主句的時態(tài)可知， 此處應用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)?！?答案 】 are moved dollars in the next year.6.(2017 全國卷 m )Sarah(tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodelearning a million【 解析 】 句意 ： Sarah 被告知 ， 她能夠成為英國新的超級名模， 在下一年收入一百萬美元。 分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知， tell

6、與主語 Sarah 是動賓關(guān)系， 所以要用被動語態(tài)， 故填 was told 。 此處也可用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)， 強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響?！?答案 】 has been told/was told7.(2016 浙江,5)While online shopping(change)our life , not all of its effects have been positive.【 答案 】 has changed 【 解析 】 句意 ： 盡管網(wǎng)上購物已經(jīng)改變了我們的生活， 但是并不是所有的影響都是積極的。 主語是 online shopping ， 結(jié)合語境以及后面的have been

7、可知 ， 這里要用現(xiàn)在完成時。8 . (2016 新課標 I , 62)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit PandaBase， where ticket money helps pay for research. I (allow)to get up close to these cute animalsat the 600-acre centre.H軍析】was allowed 句意：在這個占地六百英畝的中心 ，我被允許靠近這些可愛的動物。由語境可知作者被允許接近這些動物，故用一般過去

8、時的被動語態(tài)。9 . (2016新課標 出,62)Truly elegant chopsticks might(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.解析】be made 句意：真正考究的筷子可能是由具有中國特色的金或銀制成的。make和chopsticks之間是動賓關(guān)系，應用被動語態(tài)，空格前有might ,所以用be made 。10 . (2016 四川，61)The giant panda(love)by people throughout the world.【解析】is loved句意：大熊貓褸全世界人民所宣爰o主港tie駐a

9、nt panda和動詞love構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故 應用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。11 . (2016 四川，69)Then , after two and a half years, the mother (drive)the young panda away.解析】drove 句意：然后，兩年半之后這位母親趕走了熊貓寶寶。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應用一般過去時。12 . (2016 浙江，5)While online shopping (change)our life, not all of its effects have been positive.解析】has changed 句意：盡管網(wǎng)上購物已

10、經(jīng)改變了我們的生活，但是并不是所有的影響都是積極的。主語是online shopping ,結(jié)合語境以及后面的have been可知，這里要用現(xiàn)在完成時。13 . (2016 浙江,9)Silk(become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about100 BC.解析】had become 句意：到公元前 100年為止，絲綢已經(jīng)成為絲綢之路上交易的主要商品之一。byabout 100 BC 是時間狀語，這里強調(diào)到公元前 100年為止，所以要用過去完成時。14 . (2016北京,21)Jack(work)in th

11、e lab when the power cut occurred.解析】was working句意：杰克正在實驗室里工作的時候突然停電了。本句使用了 be doing sth. when.句式，表示芷在做某事，突然”此時主句用過去進行時，分句用一般過去時。專業(yè).專注.word格式.15 . (2016 北京，23) Excuse me , which movie are you waiting for?-The new Star Wars. We(wait)here for more than two hours.【解析】been waiting向意；一對不起"神帝等什么電影？一新

12、版的星球大胡/我們在這里 等了兩個多”時了，根據(jù)時間狀語判斷,語境表示在過去報長時間里一直在做某事并且同守繼續(xù)此時 應用現(xiàn)在完成進行寸電1 . (2016 北京,25)I(read)half of the English novel , and I'll try to finish it at the weekend.解析】have read 句意：這本英語小說我已經(jīng)讀了一半，這個周末我將盡力把它讀完。語境表示巴經(jīng)讀了一半”，應該用現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生并且對現(xiàn)在有影響的動作。17 . （2016 d匕京,30）The students have been working hard o

13、n their lessons and their efforts (reward)with success in the end.解析】Bin be E及由1d句意,這些學生一直在努力學習功課，他們的努力最終會以成功作為回報.由語 境可知F學生的努力會得到回暹斗銖的動作F故用一般將來時5工由aid和由函6面之間是被動關(guān)系, 故用被動語惑占igh quality oil are using for18 . （2016 新裸標 I ）Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and h cooking.解析】using - used!意：每天他都

14、確保用于烹飪的是新鮮的蔬菜和高質(zhì)量的油。此處表示被動含義be used for 被用來做“。BWMB1易錯起源1、考查動詞辨析,he sometimes feels it hard to find an例 1. Much as he he has a good command of Englishappropriate version for some Chinese idioms.A. announcesC. claimsB. declaresD. confirms解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。此處announces 通知；declares宣布；claims聲明；confirms 證實。句意：雖然

15、他承認自己掌握了英語，但有時他感到找到漢語的合適的英語翻譯很難。根據(jù)句意選D項?？Π浮緿度式探究 Try not to cough more than you can since it may cause problems to your lungs.A. checkB. allowC. stopD. help喀案】D解析】考查動詞辨析?？忌枵莆斩陶Z more than one can help的意思 盡量不"，故正確答案是 D項。句意：盡量不要咳嗽，因為這會給你的肺帶來問題?？燑c睛】高考?？嫉膸捉M動詞詞義辨析1 . injure , hurt , wound , destroy

16、injure一般指在意外事故中受傷hurt是表示傷害”的一般用法，既可指對肉體的傷害，也可指對情感的傷害wound常指外傷，尤指在戰(zhàn)爭、戰(zhàn)斗中造成的傷害destroy一般指徹底損壞，常譯成毀壞，損壞”I didn't want to hurt his feelings.我不想傷害他的感情。He was wounded in the battle.他在戰(zhàn)斗中負過傷。2 . beat, hit, strike , defeat , winbeat表不二;指用棍或其他硬物）接連地打，擊”，還可表不打敗，勝過”hit表示對準目標打一下，強調(diào)擊中strike表示突然性或一次性的擊打defeat（

17、=beat）是指 擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝”，賓語通常是人或集體win是在 中）秋勝或贏的思思，兵語通常為war , match , game , prize ,medal , respect , battle 等名詞Our team beat the American team by eight.我們隊以超過美國隊八分的成績戰(zhàn)勝了。She hit him out of anger.她生氣地打了他一下。The tower was struck by lightning.該塔被閃電擊中了。He defeated all the other participants and won the prize.他擊敗了

18、其他參賽者，獲了獎。隹帛囊妙計，戰(zhàn)勝自我adopt , attach , adapt , adjust的區(qū)別adoptvt.采取，采納；收養(yǎng)，領(lǐng)養(yǎng)vt.把附（在土）；重視attachattach much importance to.非常重視adaptvt.適應；adapt oneself to 適應于adjustvt.適應，調(diào)整；adjust oneself to 適應于This kind of desk can be adjusted to the height you need; besides, it is not expensive at all.這個桌子可以根據(jù)你需要的高度而調(diào)整，

19、而且一點也不貴。Recently, to maintain national balance, the Chinese government has adopted a policy of encouraging college graduates to take positions in rural areas.為了保持平衡，中國政府最近通過了一項鼓勵大學畢業(yè)生去農(nóng)村就業(yè)的政策。Parents attach much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that pricelessgi

20、ft.父母親都非常重視教育。他們會盡自己最大的努力給予孩子們無價的饋贈易錯起源2、考查動詞短語的用法和意義例 2. Body language can givea lot about your mood , sostanding with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.【解析】句意；身勢語能夠清楚地泄露出你的情緒j因此雙臂交叉站著貝俵示你具有防御性考查動i靛 語 giveaway泄露，符合語境屯喀案away咯師點睛】多記一些常見動詞及短語的含義和用法并學會在特定語境中靈活運用。以下為常見短

21、語動詞：一、動詞+介詞/副詞短語例句Act on 照 行事He acts on principles.answer for 對You will answer for what you' ve done.Arm.against帶武器以防He armed himself against wild animals.agree with 同意（某人）I agree with her.agree to 同意（建議等）They agreed to the proposal.agree on（in）向思商定（問題，條件等）They agreed on the question.arrive at /

22、 in 到達（某地）He arrived in Nanjing at five o' cmornyesterAim at 瞄準He aimed the gun at the bird.Ask after 問候My father asked after you.Ask for 請求The boy asked for more food.borrow . . . from 從 借來He borrowed a like from Mary.believe in 信任We all believe in her.belong to 屬于The house belongs to me.burst

23、into 矢然 起來She burst into tears at the news.begin at從（頁）開始Today we shall begin at page 40.Babe.on 根據(jù)he based the conclusion on experiments.beat about the bush 繞彎子Tell me the truth. Don' t beat about the bush.Consist of由 組成The society consists of five members.congratulate祝優(yōu)nWe congratulatedher on

24、winning the e to an end 結(jié)束The talk come to an end at pare . to 把 比作He compared the young to the rising pare . . . with 同 相比She compared the blue pen with the red pen.carebr喜歡；照料He doesn ' t care for playing football.Change . for 用 交換He changed his radio for a recorder.Ch

25、anSe from . to 從 轉(zhuǎn)到She changed from team A to team B.clear up 放晴The weather cleared up in the e across 偶然碰至UI came across an old friend in the e into 想出；進入An idea suddenly came into my mind.ca11 up 打電話I shall call her up soon.Csll for 叫（人）He will call for you in the evening.ca

26、ll for 為 叫喊He heard someone calling for help.cdll on 訪問（某人）She will call on a friend on Sunday.cdll on 號召The Party called on us to study hard.Cure.of 治愈Fhe medicine cured him of his pain.depend on 依靠He depended on his mother in life.disagree with 與忌見不問He disagreed with her over the plan.Die of 因 病、饑

27、餓等而夕匕The man died of cancer.Die from 因 傷、忌外等而夕匕The died man died from a serious wound.Die for 為而夕匕He died for the people.devote to 把 用于She devoted all her money to having books.enged in 從事, 忙于He is engaged in writing new book.End with 以結(jié)束The party ended with dancing.fail in在 失敗She failed in winning

28、the game.find out 查明He has not found out the trouble yet.give up 放棄Never give up hope.give over 克服，渡過You ' ll soon get over your shyness.Get on（ /off）上車（/ 卜車）She got on the bus at Gulou Square.Get on進展He is getting on well in the work.Get ready for 準備好He has got ready for the journey.Get in 收進Th

29、e peasants got in the wheat in May.grow up 長大，發(fā)展The children have already grown up.give in投降（讓步）They gave in at last.Get up 起床She gets up early every morning.Go on 繼續(xù)The meeting went on deep into the night.go all out 竭盡全力They went all out to build the airport.So through 通過；細察She went through the boo

30、k before buying it.go over 復習,if遍She went over the lessons for three times.go down（日，月）落卜，下沉The moon has gone down.go without 放棄，沒有也行He had to go without food.Hand in 交進來They handed in their papers.Have nothing to do with與無關(guān)He has nothing to do with the matter.Have some thing to do with與無關(guān)Does she h

31、ave anything to do with the case?Head for 朝去The ship is heading for the nearest port.Help with 幫助He helped her with her English.Help.in 在幫助He helped her in study in English.Hope for 希望（得到）She hoped for Mary to roduce . to .介紹She introduced me to her father.inspire . . . with .以 激發(fā)He inspired

32、 them with courage.insist on 堅持She insisted on doing it that erfere with(in) 妨礙；干涉Don ' irn terfere with his work.join in參加（活動）She also joined in the dancing.join sb. in加入某人從事He joined us in watering the tees.keep on 繼續(xù)She kept on making experiments.Knock at敲（門等）Someone is knocking at the

33、 door.long for 渴望I ' m longing for a letter from him.look up 查尋；向上看He is looking up a new word in the dictionary.look upon . as 把 看作Do you look upon him as a good friend?learn . by heart 背會She has learnt it by heart.Leave for 動身去He is leaving for Nanjing next week.look for 尋找The police are looki

34、ng for the lost car.Lie in 位于The town lies in the hills.live on 罪 生活，以 為主食Sheep live on grass.laugh at 對笑，嘲笑Don ' t laugh at others.look through 翻閱；瀏覽The boy looked through the picture book.Mix . with 同 混合Oil and water can' t mix with each other.Meet with 遇到She met with some difficulties.mak

35、e up one ' s mind定He has made up his mind what to say.Owe to 歸功于He owed all his success to his parents.Operate on 為 手木He operated on the wounded soldier.Put. into 把 放入She put the book into the bag.play with 玩The boy played with a toy tank.Put up 舉起They put up their hands.Put up掛起She put up a pic

36、ture on the wall.Put off 推達The match is put off owing to the rain.Point out 指出The teacher pointed out his mistakes.preside over 主持（會議）Who is to preside over the meeting?present.with 贈送He presented her with a gold watch.Put. across使理解（相信）She didn ' t put the meaning across very well.Prevent . . .

37、 from 阻止The snow prevented him from coming.persist in 堅持He persisted in doing that.Po practice 實施We shall put the plan into practice.quarrel over 為爭吵They quarreled over the property.quarrel with 同爭吵She quarreled with her mother.Reply to 答復He hasn ' t replied to me yet.recover from 恢復She ha

38、s recovered from her illness.Rely on 依靠He relied on his daughter in the past.refrain from 設法不，忍住Please refrain from smoking.Rob.of.搶走The pain robbed him of sleep.Run over 輾過去The bus run over his legs.result from 由弓 1起His illness results from overeating.result in 導致Overeating results in his illness.R

39、emember sb. to 代問好Please remember me to your mother.Set about 著手 TThey set about the work at once.Set out 出發(fā)They set out at dawn.succeed in 成功He succeeded in passing the exam.Speak off 說到She once spoke of the book to me.Supply.with 提供They supplied the soldiers with weapons.share in分擔(享)He shared in

40、her joys and sorrows.share sth with sb與某人共同使用She shared a room with others.settle in安頓卜來He settled in a small town.See through 看透I have already seen through the man.See to it 保證See to it that the work is done well.send for 派人請We have sent for the doctor.Stand by 支持We' ll stand by you in your hou

41、r of need.Stand of 代表What does" U.S, " stand far?spend . on 花費She spent a lot of money on books.show around帶參觀He showed the guests around the city.talk about 談論what are you taking about ?over 渡過lie has tided over his illness.turn against 背叛She will never turn against her country.turn into

42、變成Water can turn into gas.turn to 翻至U ,轉(zhuǎn)向Please turn to page 10.think of 想念We think of you all the time.think about(of)考慮They are thinking about buying it.turn on 打開Please turn on the radio.turn off 關(guān)掉Please turn off the lights in the room.tell . . . from 區(qū)分I can ' t tell her from her sister.tak

43、e off 脫去She asked him to take off the cost.turn out 關(guān)掉He forgot to turn out the gas.turn out 生產(chǎn)The factory turns out 100 cars per day.turn round 繞著轉(zhuǎn)The earth turns round the sun.turn up 出現(xiàn)He didn ' t turn up until eleven o' clock.to begin with 首先To begin with, we are short of money.wait for

44、等待We shall wait for you at the school gate.watch out for 提防We should watch out for the enemy.write to 給 與信He wrote to me last week.wake up 醒來She usually wakes up at five.wipe out 消滅The enemy troops have been wiped out.watch over 照看The old should watch over the young.、過去分詞+介詞（這類短語常同連系動詞連用）短語例句be abso

45、rbed in全神貫注于He is absorbed in reading.be burdenedwith負重He is burdened with a heavy load.be connectedwith向 右關(guān)，向一有聯(lián)系He is no longer connected with the company.be covered with覆蓋The road is covered with snow.be crowded with擠滿She is dressed in red.be dressed in"侶She is dressed in red.be engaged to與訂

46、婚Mary is engaged to John.be equippedwith裝備He is experienced in mending bikes.be experiencedin 對 有經(jīng)驗He is experienced in mending bikes.be filled with填滿The hole is filled with ants.be furnished with提供，布置They are furnished with enough food.be interested in對有興趣He is interested in the picture.be joined t

47、o 連接,結(jié)合One pipe is joined to another.be known as而知名He is known as a painter.be known for因.而出名The hill is known for the templebe looked on as作為看待He is looked on as their leader.be made into被制成，使成為The boy was made into an artist.be made up of由一構(gòu)成A car is made up of many different parts.be married to與結(jié)

48、婚She is married to a musician.be pleased with對喜歡，滿意He is pleased with the work.be prepared for準備好They are prepared for the journey.be regarded as被認為He is regarded as the greatest poet.be satisfied with對I am satisfied with your answer.be ashamed of對感到羞愧She is ashamed of her action.be tired of(sth)厭煩H

49、e is tired of this kind of life.be terrified at被嚇一跳He is terrified at the snake.三、動詞+名詞+介詞短語例句apply one ' s mincFtol!、于He applied his mind to study.catch sight of 瞧見，看見I caught sight of her just now.catch(take)hold of 抓住He caught hold of the girl by the hand.devote oneself to 獻身于, 專心于She devotes

50、 herself to teaching.devote ones lifet廣-獻身He devotes his life to the research.do(great)harm to 對 危害(大)The rain has done great harm to the crops.do(great)wrong to 冤枉,委屈Don ' t do wrong to an innocent person.feel pity for 對感到憐憫He felt pity for the poor girl.Fix one ' s eyesWKHe fixed his eyes

51、on the girl.form the habit of 養(yǎng)成 的習慣He has formed the habit of getting up early.Get a good hold of 抓牢He got a good hold of the rope.Get in touch with 同取得聯(lián)系I got in touch with her by phone.get rid of 除去，擺脫She has got rid of the habit.give advice on 提出 建議He gave advice on city planning.have none of 不允

52、許, 不接受He will have none of your empty promise.have trust in 相信She had trust in him.have (no) difficulty in ( 沒用困難He has difficulty in doing the work .have a word with 同 談話I want to have a word with you.have trouble in 在 有麻煩She had trouble in the matter.have a look atH-下Let me have a good at it.have

53、words with 同口角(爭吵)He had words with his wife.have (show) interest in對有興趣He has great interest in this kind of film.have(deep)effect on 對有(深遠)影響The book has great effect on his life.have mercy on 同情，憐憫He has no mercy on the poor old man.have(take)pity on 同情He has great pity on the sick boy.have the h

54、onour of 有幸he has the honour of meeting her there.help oneself to 請吃； 自用Please help yourself to some fruit.keep a record of 記錄She kept a record of her daily life.make friends with 同 交朋友He made friends with a foreign girl.make fun of 取笑Don ' t make fun of him.make(the)best use of 充分利用They make th

55、e best use of the money.make(good , full)use of (很好，充分)利用You should make good use of your time.make an apology to 向 道歉He made an apology to her.make one ' s way to 向He made his way to the house.make preparations for 準備She is making preparations for the holiday.make a dive for 猛沖The dog make a dive for the bone.make a mistake about 為廣生誤會Don ' t made a mistake about her.make a study of 研究, 學習