大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)分類模擬題474

1、大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)分類模擬題474（總分： 178.50 ，做題時(shí)間： 90 分鐘）一、PartIWriting （總題數(shù)：1，分?jǐn)?shù)：16.50）1. Adequate Preparation Should Be Given to Exams 1如今不少大學(xué)生在考試前不做充分的準(zhǔn)備2出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因是3.為了改變這種狀況，我認(rèn)為（分?jǐn)?shù)： 16.50 ） 正確答案： （）解析：Adequate Preparation Should Be Given to ExamsAs is known to all, quite some college students seldom take exams wi

2、th adequate preparation, which leads to lowmarks or even failure in the exams.The reasons for this phenomenonlie in many aspects. In the first place, college students nowadays attach lessimportance to marks and exams. Second, college students are occupied by so many activities that they can just spa

3、relittle time for exam preparation. In addition, some teachers fail to be strict with the students, which encourages studentsto .neglect the exams.To solve this problem, I think both students and teachers should play their parts. On the one hand, students shouldhave a proper attitude towards exam pr

4、eparation, through which they can have a better command of the knowledge.On the other hand, teachers ought to control the exams more strictly.二、 PartnReading Comprehension（總題數(shù)：0，分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）三、 （總題數(shù)：0，分?jǐn)?shù)： 0.00）四、 Passage One （總題數(shù)：1,分?jǐn)?shù)：71.00）The contribution genes make to intelligence increases as childre

5、n grow older. This goes against the notion most peoplehold that as we age, environmental influences gradually overpower the genetic legacy we are born with and mayhave implications for education.People assume the genetic influence goes down with age because the environmental differences between peop

6、le pileup in life, says Robert Plomin. What we found was quite amazing, and goes in the other direction.Previous studies have shown variations in intelligence are at least partly due to genetics. To find out whether thisgenetic contribution varies with age, Plomins team pooled data from six separate

7、 studies carried out in the US, the UK,Australia and the Netherlands, involving a total of 11,000 pairs of twins.In these studies, the researchers tested twins on reasoning, logic and arithmetic to measure a quantity called generalcognitive ability, or g. Each study also included both identical twin

8、s, with same genes, and fraternal twins, sharingabout half their genes, making it possible to disentangle （ 分清） the contributions of genes and environment to theirg scores.Plomins team calculated that in childhood, genes account for about 41 percent of the variationin intelligence. In adolescence, t

9、his rose to 55 percent; by young adulthood, it was 66 percent.No one knows why the influence from genes should increase with age, but Plomin suggests that as children get older;they become better at exploiting and manipulating their environment to suit their genetic needs, and says Kids withhigh g w

10、ill use their environment to foster theircognitive ability and choose friends who are like-minded. Children with medium to low g may choose less challengingpastimes and activities, further emphasising their genetic legacy. Is there any way to interfere with the pattern?Perhaps. The evidence of stron

11、g heritability doesnt mean at all that theres nothing you can do about it, saysSusanne Jaeggi. From our own work, the ones that started off with lower IQ scores had higher gains after training.Plomin suggests that genetic differencesmay be more emphasised if all children share an identicalcurriculum

12、 instead of it being tailored to childrens natural abilities. My inclination （ 傾 向 ） would be to give everyonea good education, but put more effort into the lower end, he says. Intelligence researcher Paul Thompsonagrees, Itshows that educators need to steer kids towards things drawing out their nat

13、ural talents. （分?jǐn)?shù)： 71.00 ）（1）.Most people think the intelligence increases _ . （分?jǐn)?shù)： 14.20 ）A. are affected more by environment than the genetic legacy with ageVB. should be attributed more to the contribution that genes make with ageC. are closely connected with the genetic legacy with ageD. go agai

14、nst the implication of the education with age解析： 解析 根據(jù)題干中的 most people 和 intelligence increases 將本題出處定位于第 1 段前兩句。 第 1 段第 1句指出，基因使智力隨年齡而增長(zhǎng)。第 2 句接著說(shuō)這一說(shuō)法與多數(shù)人認(rèn)為的“環(huán)境對(duì)我們的影 響逐漸超過(guò)基因”的觀點(diǎn)相左。由此可知，多數(shù)人認(rèn)為隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，環(huán)境因素對(duì)智力的影響大于遺傳 因素。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中與此意相吻合的是A。其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)與文意不符。（2）.What informationcan we get from the previous studies

15、about intelligence?（分?jǐn)?shù)： 14.20 ）A. Genetic effect on intelligence goes down with age.B. Cognitive ability grows with people aging.C. Environment contributes more to ones g scores.D. Genetics in part leads to variations in intelligence.V解析： 解析 根據(jù)題干中的 previous studies 將本題出處定位于第 3 段第 1 句。第 3 段第 1 句提到，之前

16、的研究已表明智力方面的變化至少有部分要?dú)w因于遺傳。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中與此意相符 合的是 Do A是人們的一種觀點(diǎn)而非研究發(fā)現(xiàn)；B、C 文中未提到。（3）.What can be inferred from thecalculation got by Plomins team?（分?jǐn)?shù)： 14.20 ）A. The younger the people, the greater the role genes play in intelligence variations.B. The genes play a greater and greater role in intelligence variati

17、ons with age increasing.VC. The younger the people, the greater the variations in intelligence.D. The older the people, the greater the variations in intelligence.解析：解析根據(jù)題干中的 calculation 和 Plomins team 將本題出處定位于第 5 段。文章第 5 段提到了普洛明小組的研究結(jié)果：在智力的變化方面，童年時(shí)期，基因的影響占41%；青少年時(shí)期，基因的影響增加到55%成年早期，基因的影響占到 66%由此可推斷，

18、基因在人的智力變化方面的影響是隨年齡的增長(zhǎng)而增加的。所以該題答案是BoA 與文意相反。C 和 D 是說(shuō)智力變化與年齡增長(zhǎng)之間的關(guān)系，與普洛明研究的內(nèi)容不符，不能作為答案。（4）.What can be known from the sixth paragraph? （分?jǐn)?shù)：14.20 ）A. The entertainment chosen by kids with low g may be less challenging.VB. Children want better environment to suit their genetic needs with age.C. The olde

19、r a child becomes, the better his cognitive ability is.D. Kids with high cognitive ability stress genetic legacy more.解析：解析根據(jù)題干中的 the sixth paragraph將本題出處定位于第 6 段。第 6 段最后一句提到，認(rèn)知能力為中下等水平的孩子可能選擇不太具挑戰(zhàn)性的游戲和活動(dòng)，A 與此意一致，故為答案。第 1 句提到，普洛明指出隨著孩子年齡的增長(zhǎng)，他們能更好地開拓和掌控環(huán)境來(lái)適應(yīng)他們基因 的需求，B是對(duì) better 一詞的誤解，可排除。C 屬于脫離原文的主觀臆斷

20、。D 的 stress 是對(duì)本段最后一句 中 emphasising 的替換，但本項(xiàng)曲解了原文的意思。（5）.What does Susanne Jaeggi want toexpress by saying the ones.,lower IQ. after training?（分?jǐn)?shù)： 14.20 ）A. Children with lower IQ should be paid more attention to than those with high IQ scores.B. Children with lower IQ can do nothing because of the ev

21、idence of strong heritability.C. Children with medium to low g can chose challenging activities after training.VD. The medium or low g has close relationship with ones IQ scores.解析： 解析 根據(jù)題干中的 Susanne Jaeggi 和 the ones.lower IQ.after training將本題出處定位于倒數(shù)第三段最后一句。倒數(shù)第三段第 1 句提到，有什么方式能影響這一模式嗎?分析上下文可知這一模式即指倒

22、數(shù)第四段最后一句提到的“認(rèn)知能力為中下等水平的孩子可能選擇不太具有挑戰(zhàn)性的游戲和活動(dòng)”。倒數(shù)第三段第 2 句蘇 珊賈基說(shuō)遺傳影響較大的證據(jù)并不意味著人們無(wú)法改變這一模式，他們的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一開始智商低的人，經(jīng)過(guò)訓(xùn)練后會(huì)獲得高的智商值，由此可知賈基說(shuō)這句話的目的應(yīng)該是想說(shuō)明一開始智商低的人經(jīng)過(guò)訓(xùn)練后 能夠選擇具有挑戰(zhàn)性的游戲和活動(dòng)，故C 符合文意。五、 Passage Two（ 總題數(shù)： 1，分?jǐn)?shù)： 71.00）Our risk of cancer rises dramatically as we age. So it makes sense that the elderly should be

23、routinely screened for newtumors or doesnt it?While such vigilant （ 警覺(jué)的 ） tracking of cancer is a good thing in general, researchers are increasingly questioningwhether all of this testing is necessary for the elderly. With the percentage of people over age 65 expected to nearlydouble by 2050, its i

24、mportant to weigh the health benefits of screening against the risks and costs of routine testing.In many cases, screening can lead to surgeries to remove cancer, while the cancers themselves may be slow-growingand may not pose serious health problems in patients remaining years. But the message tha

25、t everyone must screenfor cancer has become so deep-rooted that when health care experts recommended that women under 50 and over 74stop screening for breast cancer, it caused a riotous reaction among doctors, patients and advocacy groups.Its hard to uproot deeply held beliefs about cancer screening

26、 with scientific data. Certainly,there are people over age 75 who have had cancers detected by routine screening, and gained several extra years oflife because of treatment. And clearly, people over age 75 who have other risk factors for cancer, such as a familyhistory or prior personal experience w

27、ith the disease, should continue to get screened regularly. But for the remainder,the risk of cancer, while increased at the end of life, must be balanced with other factors like remaining life expectancy（預(yù)期壽命 ）.A recent study suggests that doctors start to make more objective decisions about who wi

28、ll truly benefit fromscreening especially considering the explosion of the elderly that will soon swell our population.Its not an easy calculation to make, but one that makes sense for all patients. Dr. Otis Brawley said, Many doctors areordering screening tests purely to cover themselves. We need t

29、o think about the rational use of health care.That meansmaking some difficult decisions with elderly patients, and going against the misguided belief that when itcomes to health care, more is always better.（分?jǐn)?shù)： 71.00 ）（1）.Why do doctorsrecommend routine cancer screening for elderly people?（分?jǐn)?shù)： 14.20

30、 ）A. It is believed to contribute to long life.B. It is part of their health care package.C. The elderly are more sensitive about their health.D. The elderly are in greater danger of tumor growth.V解析： 解析 推理判斷題。文中的第一段第一句說(shuō)明，隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)我們患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)會(huì)大大增加。由 此可知，老年人更容易受到癌癥危害，故答案為D。（2） .How do some researchers now

31、 look at routine cancer screening for the elderly? （分?jǐn)?shù)： 14.20 ）A. It adds too much to their medical bills.B. It helps increase their life expectancy.C. They are doubtful about its necessity.VD. They think it does more harm than good.解析：解析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文中的第二段第一句說(shuō)明，雖然從總體上來(lái)看，這種警覺(jué)的癌癥篩查是一件好 事，但是研究人員對(duì)于所有這些檢查對(duì)老年人來(lái)

32、說(shuō)是否有必要這件事產(chǎn)生越來(lái)越多的質(zhì)疑。由此可知，研 究人員們懷疑此類檢查的必要性，故答案為Co(3).What is theconventional view about women screening for breast cancer?(分?jǐn)?shù)：14.20 )A. It applies to women over 50.B. It is a must for adult women.VCt is optional for young women.Dt doesnt apply to women over 74.解析：解析推理判斷題。文中第三段第二句說(shuō)明，必須進(jìn)行癌癥篩查的這種觀念在每個(gè)人的想

33、法中都已 經(jīng)根深蒂固，因此當(dāng)醫(yī)療保健專家建議50 歲以下和 74 歲以上的女性停止乳腺癌篩查時(shí)，引發(fā)了強(qiáng)烈的反應(yīng)。所以推斷，傳統(tǒng)觀念是女性必須進(jìn)行乳腺癌篩查，故答案為(4) .Why do many doctors prescribe routine screening for cancer?A. They want to protect themselves against medical disputes.B. They want to take advantage of the medical care system.C. They want data for medical resea

34、rch.D. They want their patients to suffer less.解析：解析事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文中第六段第二句引用了奧帝斯布勞利博士的一句話，表明現(xiàn)在很多醫(yī)生讓 病人進(jìn)行癌癥篩查的原因是為了避免自己受到糾紛煩擾，故答案為 Ao(5) .What does the author say is the general view about health care?A. The more, the better.VB. Prevention is better than cure.C. Better early than late.D. Better care, longer life.解析： 解析 語(yǔ)義理解題。 文中的最后一段中， 作者表明要對(duì)醫(yī)療保健越多越好這一觀念的誤導(dǎo)持反對(duì)態(tài) 度。 The more，the better 與文中的 more is always better 是相同含義，故答案為 A。六、Part 川 T ran slation(總題數(shù)：1，分?jǐn)?shù)：20.00)2.中國(guó)汽車業(yè)中國(guó)的汽車業(yè)在近 30 年間取得了巨大的成就。在 20 世紀(jì) 70 年代，中國(guó)每年生產(chǎn)的轎車還不足3000 輛而在去年，我國(guó)轎車的產(chǎn)銷量都突破了1000