狀語從句用法講解和練習(xí)

1、第章狀語從句學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)狀語從句在句子中作狀語，用來修飾主句或主句的謂語。一般可分為九大 類分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。盡管 種類較多，但由于狀語從句與漢語結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不難。狀 語從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語從句的常用連接詞。現(xiàn)分別列舉如下：狀語從句分九類：在這一章節(jié)的學(xué)習(xí)中，要求同學(xué)們掌握各類狀語從句基本概念，并能夠靈 活應(yīng)用。第一節(jié)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)間狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。連接時(shí)間狀語從句的連接詞有：2. when, while, as均可表示當(dāng) 的時(shí)候”when強(qiáng)調(diào) 特定時(shí)間”表示主句謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作與從句謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作是 同時(shí)發(fā)生

2、的，或從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句的動(dòng)作之前；while表示的時(shí)間是一段，而不是一點(diǎn)，as多用在口語中，強(qiáng)調(diào) 同一時(shí)間”或一前一后”有時(shí)還有 隨著” 的含義。When spring came, he felt like a trip 春天來了，他想去旅游。As spri ng warms the good earth, all flowers beg in to bloom. （as 有 隨著”的含 義）as, whe n, while都表示主、從句的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生，但三者也有區(qū)別。 as和when引導(dǎo)的從句既可表示一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，也可表示一段時(shí)間，從句中的謂語動(dòng) 詞既可以是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以為短暫性動(dòng)

3、詞，經(jīng)?？梢曰Q使用；while引導(dǎo)的從句通常表示一段時(shí)間，從句中宜用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞作謂語。當(dāng)從句中的謂語動(dòng) 詞為持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，這三者可以通用（前面例句中已有體現(xiàn)），再如：Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as / whe n / while father was away in Fran ce媽媽擔(dān)心，因?yàn)樾“愃疾×?，特別是當(dāng)父親遠(yuǎn)在法 國(guó)的時(shí)候。如果從句和主句要表示一個(gè)人的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作交替進(jìn)行或同時(shí)完成時(shí)，則多用 as，可譯為 一邊，一邊。例如：As time goes on, it 越來越暖了。He look

4、ed behi nd from to time as he went.他一邊走，一邊不時(shí)地往后看。's getting warmer and wa著時(shí)間的推移，天氣變得I thought of it just as you ope ned your mouth.你一張嘴我就知道你要說什么。（若表示兩個(gè)短促動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，用as的場(chǎng)合多于when.）當(dāng)主從句之間表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系時(shí)，多用while,不用as或when。如：She thought I was talki ng about her daughter, while in fact, I was talki ng about

5、 my daughter.她以為我在談?wù)撍畠海聦?shí)上，我在談?wù)撐业呐畠?。如果表示從句的?dòng)作在主句的動(dòng)作之前”或 之后”發(fā)生時(shí)，多用when（=after）,不用 as或 while。此外，when 還含有 “at that moment的意思（=and then），引起的句子不能放在句首，也不能用as, while來替換。例如：He was about to leave whe n the teleph one rang 他正要離開，忽然電話鈴響 了。We were watchi ng TV whe n sudde nly the lights went out.我們正在看電視，突 然燈滅

6、了。They had just arrived home whe n it bega n to rain 他們剛至 U家，天就開始下雨 了。3. till/until，表示一直到:主從句都用肯定式；表示 直到才”主句否定，從句肯定。He worked un til it was dark.他一直工作至 U天黑。He did not get up till his mother came in. 直至 U母親進(jìn)來他才起床。4. once 一旦”，by the time 至y 時(shí)”。Once you see her, you will find what I said is true. 一旦你見到

7、她就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)我 說的是對(duì)的。by the time+現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句用將來完成時(shí)。By the time he arrives, we will already have left here.等他至 U達(dá)時(shí)，我們將已 離開這兒了。by the time+一般過去時(shí)，主句用過去完成時(shí)。By the time he arrived, we had already left here他到達(dá)的時(shí)候我們?cè)缫央x開這 兒了。5. as soon as the moment表示從句動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句動(dòng)作隨即發(fā)生，通 常譯為一就”。As soon as I finish the work, I'll go to

8、 see you.我一完成工作就會(huì)來看你。She came to the sce ne the mome nt she heard the n ews她一聽至 U消息就來至 U 現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。6. since 自從”， before 在前”，after 在'后”，It was not long before 意為不久”。si nee引導(dǎo)從句用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或 過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”或 過去時(shí)間段+ago ”主句 用完成時(shí)態(tài)。Since he graduated, he has worked in this city.他畢業(yè)后一直在這個(gè)城市工 作。I have n't see n him si ne

9、e last year/ three years ago.去年以來 /3 年來，我沒見 過他。選出最佳答案1) he was liste ning to the music, Joh n fell asleep.D. As soon as-A. After B. Before C. While2) How did you try to get to school on time you missed the school bus.A. when B. how C. why D. that3) He was riding to school he was hit by a car this mo

10、rning.A while B. whe nC. asD. so9 / 184) Lucy knew no thi ng about it her sister told her.D. sinceA. because B. until C. if5) The policeman asked the child cross the street the traffic lights turned gree n.A. not; whe n B. don't; before C. not to; un til D. not to; since6) The book was so in ter

11、esti ng that he had read it for three hours he realized it.A. when B. afterC. until D. before7) we had see n all the an imals, we went home.A. Then B. After C. Though D. While8) She has made many friends she came to our school.A. before B. afterC. sinceD. un til9) How long has the weather bee n like

12、 this?A. Un til last ni ghtB. Ever since last ni ghtC. Two days agoD. Two days later10) My un cle went to last year. We have n't see n him.A. since almost a year B. from almost a year onC. after almost a year D. since almost a year ago11) He was so tired that he fell asleep he went to bed.A. as

13、if B. eve n though C. ever sinceD. as soon as12) I knew no thi ng about the accide nt my frie nd told me yesterday.A. because B. since C. until D. after13) I did n't man age to do it you had expla ined how.A. un tilB. since C. while D. after【Keys 1) C 2) A 3) B 4) B 5) A 6) D 7)B 8) C 9) B 10) D

14、 11) D 12) C13) A條件狀語從句條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有：if如果；unless除非，如果不；on condition that條件是；as long as只要2 .表示正面的條件用if女“果”If you don't look after young trees, they will die very quickly.If the museum charges for en try, a lot of people won't be able to visit it.3.表示否定的條件用unless( =if. not)除非，如

15、果不”I shall not go to the cin ema unl ess I fin ish my homework before eight.說明：ifno常可以用unless替代。If you don ' t study hard, you will fail in the exam.You will fail in the exam unl ess you study hard.4. 表示使某事成為現(xiàn)實(shí)必要的條件用on condition that條件是” as long as 只要”You may go swimmi ng on con diti on that you

16、 don't swim too far away from the river bank.As long as you don't study hard, you will fail in the exam.5. 祈使結(jié)構(gòu)表?xiàng)l件。前半部分的祈使結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于if條件句，可用動(dòng)詞或名詞開頭；后半部分的簡(jiǎn) 單句常用一般將來時(shí)，有時(shí)也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。此句型與條件狀語從句形成同義 結(jié)構(gòu)。1）祈使句（，）+and/then+簡(jiǎn)單句 => if從句（否定式）+主句Give me somewhere to stand, and I will move the earth.（女口果）給我一個(gè)支

17、點(diǎn)， 我便能掀動(dòng)地球。=If you give me somewhere to sta nd, I will move the earth.One more word, and I'll turn you out.你再多說一句，我就把你趕出去。=If you speak one more word, I will tur n you out.Use your head, then you'll find a way.動(dòng)動(dòng)腦子你就能找到辦法。=If you use your head, you'll find a way.2）祈使句（，）+o葉簡(jiǎn)單句=> if從句（

18、否定式）+ 主語Work eve n harder, or you will n ever pass the exam.女口果不加倍努力，你就永 遠(yuǎn)無法通過考試。=If you don't work harder, you will n ever pass the exam.Stop telli ng lies, or you will be puni shed.如果你繼續(xù)說謊，就會(huì)受到懲罰。=If you don't stop telli ng lies, you will be puni shed.選擇最佳答案填空1) Would you like to go to the

19、 park with me, Susa n?rd like to, you don't want to go alone.A. until B. before C. if D. after2) Tomorrow we'll go to the city park it is sunny.A. as soon as B. when C. if D. asA. while B. if C. but D. or4) Nobody can lear n En glish well you work hard on it.A. if B. uni ess C. whe n D. but5

20、) The sports meet will con ti nueit rains this after noon.A. if B. since C. as soon as D. uni ess【Keys 1) C 2) C 3) B 4) B 5) D第三節(jié)原因狀語從句和地點(diǎn)狀語從句1. 原因狀語從句引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞有：because, for, sin ce, as, now that1) because意為 因?yàn)椤北硎局苯拥脑蚧蚶碛桑攸c(diǎn)在從句，用于回答 why，語氣最強(qiáng)。He is abse nt today because he is ill.他今天缺席，因?yàn)樗×?。I d

21、id n't go out because I was busy with homework.我沒有出去，因?yàn)槲颐τ?家庭作業(yè)。有時(shí)，可用because of后接名詞或代詞表示原因，此時(shí)because of二for（介詞）。She was look ing all the better for her stay in hospital.她因?yàn)榇卺t(yī)院，顯得 好多了。2）for意為 因?yàn)椤币龑?dǎo)的從句并不說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因，只提供 補(bǔ)充說明，且不可位于主句前。for前往往用逗號(hào)或分號(hào)與主句分開，引起的從 句對(duì)主句加以解釋。I did n't go to see him, f

22、or a heavy snow was falli ng.我沒有去看他，因?yàn)樵谙?大雪。The days were short, for it was now December.白天短了，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在已經(jīng)是十 二月了。We must beg in pla nning now, for the future may bri ng un expected cha nges.我們必須現(xiàn)在就開始籌劃，因?yàn)閷砜赡軙?huì)發(fā)生意想不到的變化。有時(shí)，for引起的從句并不表示原因，而是表示一種推斷或解釋，而because則不能。3）since意為 既然” 由于” 一般表示對(duì)方已知的、無需加以說明的既成 事實(shí)的理由（如

23、果從句表示的原因不是確定的事實(shí)，就不能用 since，通常用 because）.Si nee you are goin g, I will go too.既然你要走，我也走了。Si nee you are ill, I'll go alo ne.由于你病了，我就一個(gè)人走了。4）as意為由于”表示十分明顯的原因，一般說明因果關(guān)系，著重點(diǎn)在主 句，語氣較弱。As it is snowing, we shall n ot go to the park.由于正在下雪，我們就不去公園 了。He had to apologize, as he knew he had made a mistake

24、他必須道歉，因?yàn)樗?知道他錯(cuò)了。由as表示的原因語勢(shì)最弱，常用于口語。5) now that意為既然”有時(shí)可將that省去，含義與si nee接近。區(qū)別在于: since表示原先已存在的情況，而 now that表示現(xiàn)在才發(fā)生的情況。Now that it has stopped rainin g, let's start at on ce.既然現(xiàn)在雨停了，咱們馬 上開始吧！2. 地點(diǎn)狀語從句引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞有：where, wherever, any where, everywherePut it where you can see it.把它放在你看得見的地方。I'l

25、l find him, wherever he is.不管他在哪里我都要找到他。You should put the book where it was你應(yīng)該把書放在原來的地方。Wherever you go, you should do your work well.不論你到哪里都要把工作做 好。選擇最佳答案1) I hope to go to some day there are many famous museums there.A. though B. uni ess C. because D. where2) Would you like to go to the con cert

26、with me?rd love to,I can't.I have a lot of homework to do.A. and; BecauseB. but; Because C. so; And D. and; so3) Jim has bee n in the factory for two yearshe left school.A. when B. since C. as soon as D. whether4) Jack was very tired he played tennis all afternoon.A. if B. as soon as C. because

27、D. beforeA. as B. and C. but D. or6) Jane wore a rain coat it was ra ining.A. so B. but C. however D. because7) The Italia n boy was regarded as a hero he gave his life for his coun try.A. according to B. because of C. on account of D. because【Keys】1) C 2) B 3) B 4) C 5) A 6) D 7) D第四節(jié)讓步狀語從句1. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀

28、語從句的連詞有：although, while, even though, even if, whether. (or not), 用 no matter 十 wh-/how 引導(dǎo)2. although/though 雖然”Although I didn ' t know anybody at the party, I had a very good雖然晚會(huì) 上的客人我一個(gè)也不認(rèn)識(shí)，但我玩得很愉快。注意“although是個(gè)典型的錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)閎ut是并列連詞，不能與從屬連 詞although連用。但是，although可與yet, still連用，因?yàn)閥et, still是副詞， 它可使

29、前后關(guān)系更明確。3. while意為然而”1) while用于對(duì)照，說明兩種情況相反，意為然而，但是”Tom is very outgo ing, while Jane is shy and quiets 姆性格外向，而簡(jiǎn)去卩靦腆 安靜。While I was reading, he was play ing.我在讀書，而他在玩。2） while意為 雖然，盡管”，同although，此時(shí)從句和主句的主語往往為同 一人或物。4. even if即使”（if后陳述的是假設(shè)）；even though盡管”（though后陳述 的是事實(shí)）。rm going to apply for the job,

30、 even if it pays very little.即使報(bào)酬不高，我也要 去申請(qǐng)那份工作。He is an hon est man, I say, eve n though I have opposed him 我說他是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí) 的人，盡管我反對(duì)過他。5. whether （or not無論是或是”.Whether it rains or no t, I shall go out for an out ing. 無論是否下雨，我都要夕卜 出游玩。Whether we win or lose, we are going to do our best.無論勝敗，我們都會(huì)盡 最大努力。注意whe

31、ther作 無論”解，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來；whether作 是否”解時(shí)則不 能。They'll go out whether it rai ns or n ot tomorrow. 無論明天是否下雨，他們都 要出去。Can you tell me whether it will rain or not tomorrow? 你能告訴我明天是否下 雨嗎？6 .用no matte葉wh- / how的詞引導(dǎo)，意為 無論”。No matter who you are, you must obey the law.無論你是誰，你都應(yīng)當(dāng)遵紀(jì) 守法。It has the same result no m

32、atter which way you do it.無論用什么方法來做， 結(jié)果都一樣。No matter how cold it is, she ofte n goes swimmi ng.無論有多冷，她總是常去 游泳。選擇最佳答案填空1) he's old, he can still carry this heavy bag.A. Though B. Since C. For D. So2) How do you like the con cert give n by the "Foxy Ladies"?Excit ing, one piece of the mu

33、sic was n't played quite well.A. so B. though C. because D. and3) Shall we go on worki ng?Yes, I prefer to have a rest.A. when B. if C. because D. though4) Doctor Li went to see the patie nt it was rai ning heavily.A. because B. and C. sinceD. though5) This dress was last year's style.I thi

34、nk it still looks perfectit has gone out this year.A. so that B. eve n though C. as ifD. ever since6) No matter busy he is, he won't give up his hobby.A. where B. how C. whatD. who7) I n ever seem to lose any weight, hard I try.A. eve n thoughB. no matter howC. as ifD. eversin ceA. how B. where

35、C. whenD. whatii /佃9) Though it's rai ning, are still work ing in the fields.A. they B. but theyC. and they D. so they10) Nobody believed him what he said.A. eve n thoughB. i n spite C. no matterD. con trary to11) what may happe n, I won't cha nge my mind.A. Eve n if B. Although C. PerhapsD.

36、 No matter【Keys】2. 1) A 2) B 3) D 4) D 5) B 6) B 7)B8) C 9) A 10) C11) D第五節(jié)目的狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句和比較狀語從句【經(jīng)典剖析】1 .引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有：in order that目的是為了，so that，以便以in order that，so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句謂語通常用 may, might加動(dòng)詞 構(gòu)成，也可用can/ could或will/would加動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成。He works hard in order that he can serve his country well.他努力工作，目的 是為了能

37、更好地為國(guó)家服務(wù)。They started early so that they might arrive in time.他們很早出發(fā)，以便按時(shí) 到達(dá)。注意“fo動(dòng)名詞”不用于表目的，但“for名詞”可用于表目的。Write it in simple English to make(不能用 for making) everybody understand. 為了能讓每個(gè)人都理解，請(qǐng)用簡(jiǎn)單的英語寫。Better get up early for the early train. 為了能趕上早班火車，請(qǐng)?jiān)缫稽c(diǎn)起床。2 .引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的詞：so that以致，sotha如此 以致，such t

38、hat如此 以致He made a wrong decisi on, so that half of his property was lost.他做了個(gè)錯(cuò)誤 的決定，以至于他丟失了一半的財(cái)產(chǎn)。The box is so heavy that n obody can move it.這個(gè)箱子是如此重，（以至于） 無人能移動(dòng)它。It is such a heavy box that n obody can move it.這個(gè)箱子如此重，（以至于） 無人能移動(dòng)它。注意so that既可引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，又可引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，其區(qū)別在于： 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時(shí)通常用逗號(hào)同主句分開。3. 引導(dǎo)比較狀語

39、從句的詞有：than 比，asas“一樣”，not so a不像一樣”，the more the more越越”I know you better tha n he does.我比他更了解你。We walked as fast as we could.我們盡可能地快步行走。The work is not so easy as you thought.這工作沒有你想的那么簡(jiǎn)單。Noth ing is so precious as health沒有什么能像健康一樣珍貴。The harder you study, the greater progress you will make .你越努力學(xué)習(xí)，

40、進(jìn) 步就越大。針對(duì)性練習(xí)1. 選擇最佳答案填空：1） r II leave him a n ote he'll know where we are.A. so that B. so as C. in order D. for2) The question was difficult that nobody could answerA. very; themB. very; it C. so; them D. so; it3) Mike is boy that we all like him.A. a good so B. so good a C. a such good D. such

41、 good a4) They were busy study ing they could n't go to the restaura nt with us.A. so; that B. such; as C. very; that D. eno ugh; as5) It was that he had to ask for help.A. so difficult work B. so difficult a workC. such a difficult work D. such a difficult job6) He started early he could get th

42、ere before nine.A. i n order that B. because C. so as tdD. i n order to7) Robert is good at Ian guages,we all know.A. because B. for C. as D. since8) It looksit's going to rai n.A. that B. as C. as if D. that【Keys】1. 1) in order that 2) so that 3) so. that4) so. that5) such. that2. 1)A2) D 3) B

43、4) A 5) D 6) A7) C 8) C狀語從句專練I .選擇填空：1. The man can ' t get on the bus because thereno room on it.17 /佃A. wasB. isC. areD. were2.1 was liste ning to the musicthere was a knock at the door.A. while B. whe nC. becauseD. un til3. You may leave the classroom whe n youwrit ing.A. will finish B. are f

44、ini shi ngC. have fini shedD. had fini shed4. I don ' t know if hetomorrow, if he,I' ll meet5. I read, the more I un dersta nd.A. The more B. So muchC. How muchD. For all6. Would you give Joh nny this letter if youto see him this week.A. will happe nB. happe n C. are happe nedD. happe ned7.

45、She was busy,she couldn' t go to your birthday party last night.A. andB. soC. orD. but8. En glish isa useful la nguageit is spoke n in many coun triesof the world.A. so that B. such that C. so because D. such because9. You will not succeeded if youharder.A. will workB. won ' t work C. work D

46、. don ' t work10. Write clearlyyour teacher can un dersta nd you correctly.A. sinceB. forC. becauseD. so that11. he failed , he went on doing the experime nt.A. Eve nB. YetC. AlthoughD. in spite of12. The light went out while wesupper.13. His brother has worked therehe left school.whe nB. afterC. si neeD. un til14. The boy didn't stop talkingthe sec ond bell rang.whe nB. untilC. afterD. becauseA. hadB. had hadC. were hav ingD. would have15. I came into the office, th