虛擬儀器技術(shù)及其發(fā)展外文翻譯

1、畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯題目:虛擬儀器技術(shù)及其發(fā)展系部名稱:專業(yè)班級:學(xué)生姓名:學(xué)號(hào):指導(dǎo)教師:教師職稱:2013 年3月22 日一、漢語翻譯虛擬儀器技術(shù)及其發(fā)展1、虛擬儀器的產(chǎn)生背景當(dāng)今我們處于一個(gè)正在高度發(fā)展的信息社會(huì),要求在有限的時(shí)空上實(shí)現(xiàn)大量信息的交換,必然帶來信息密度的急劇增大,要求電子系統(tǒng)對于信息的處理速度越來越高,功能越來越強(qiáng),這使得系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)日趨復(fù)雜。一方面電子技術(shù)及市場的發(fā)展從客觀上要求測試儀器向自動(dòng)化及柔性化的方向發(fā)展,另一方面,電子技術(shù)及市場的發(fā)展也給虛擬儀器的產(chǎn)生提供了可能。在這種形式下,基于微計(jì)算機(jī)的虛擬儀器逐步變得現(xiàn)實(shí),它的出現(xiàn)和廣泛使用為測試系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)提供一個(gè)極佳的模

2、式,并且使工程師們在測量和控制方面得到強(qiáng)大功能和靈活性。2、虛擬儀器的概念虛擬儀器Virtual Instrument,簡稱 VI的概念是由美國國家儀器公司NI 在20 世紀(jì) 80 年代最早提出的。虛擬儀器就是在以通用計(jì)算機(jī)為核心的硬件平臺(tái)上,由用戶設(shè)計(jì)定義、具有虛擬前面板、測試功能由測試軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)的一種計(jì)算機(jī)儀器系統(tǒng)。其核心的思想是利用計(jì)算機(jī)的強(qiáng)大資源使本來需要硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)的技術(shù)軟件化,以便最大限度地降低系統(tǒng)成本,增強(qiáng)系統(tǒng)功能與靈活性。虛擬儀器代表著從傳統(tǒng)硬件為主的測試系統(tǒng)到以軟件為中心的測試系統(tǒng)的根本性轉(zhuǎn)變。虛擬儀器的出現(xiàn)是儀器發(fā)展史上的一場革命,代表著儀器發(fā)展的最新方向和潮流,對科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展

3、和工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的進(jìn)步將產(chǎn)生不可估量的影響。虛擬儀器具有性能高、擴(kuò)展性強(qiáng)、開發(fā)時(shí)間短、無縫集成等優(yōu)勢。3.圖形化虛擬儀器開發(fā)平臺(tái)LABVIEW 簡介及其優(yōu)勢LABVIEW 是 Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench 實(shí)驗(yàn)室虛擬儀器集成開發(fā)環(huán)境的簡稱,是由美國國家儀器公司National instruments IN創(chuàng)立的一個(gè)功能強(qiáng)大而又靈活的儀器和分析應(yīng)用開發(fā)工具。Labview 一種圖形化的編程語言,主要用來開發(fā)數(shù)據(jù)采集,儀器控制及數(shù)據(jù)處理分析等軟件,功能強(qiáng)大。目前,該開發(fā)軟件在國際測試、測控行業(yè)比較流行,在國內(nèi)的測控領(lǐng)域也得到廣泛應(yīng)

4、用。函數(shù)信號(hào)發(fā)生器是在科學(xué)研究和工程設(shè)計(jì)中廣泛應(yīng)用的一種通用儀器。LABVIEW 軟件開發(fā)平臺(tái)具有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn):1圖形化的編程方式,設(shè)計(jì)者無需寫任何文本格式的代碼,是真正的工程師的語言。2提供了豐富的數(shù)據(jù)采集、分析及存儲(chǔ)的庫函數(shù)。3既提供了傳統(tǒng)的程序調(diào)試手段,如設(shè)置斷點(diǎn)、單步運(yùn)行,同時(shí)提供有獨(dú)到的高亮執(zhí)行工具,使程序動(dòng)畫式運(yùn)行,利于設(shè)計(jì)者觀察程序運(yùn)行的細(xì)節(jié),使程序的調(diào)試和開發(fā)更為便捷。432bit 的編譯器編譯生成 32bit 的編譯程序,保證用戶數(shù)據(jù)采集、測試和測量方案的高速執(zhí)行。5囊括了 DAQ GPIB PXI VXI RS-232/485 在內(nèi)的各種儀器通信總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的所有功能函數(shù),使得不懂

5、總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的開發(fā)者也能夠驅(qū)動(dòng)不同總線標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接口設(shè)備與儀器。6提供大量與外部代碼或軟件進(jìn)行連接的機(jī)制,諸如 DLL動(dòng)態(tài)連接庫、DDE 共享庫、ActiveX 等。7強(qiáng)大的 Internet 功能,支持常用網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議,方便網(wǎng)絡(luò)、遠(yuǎn)程測控儀器的開發(fā)。圖形化程序設(shè)計(jì)編程簡單、直觀、開發(fā)效率高。隨著虛擬儀器技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,圖形化的編程語言必將成為測試和控制領(lǐng)域內(nèi)最流行的發(fā)展趨勢。4.虛擬儀器的發(fā)展方向虛擬儀器作為新興的儀器儀表,其優(yōu)勢在于用戶可自行定義儀器的功能和結(jié)構(gòu)等,且構(gòu)建容易、轉(zhuǎn)換靈活,它已廣泛應(yīng)用于電子測量、聲學(xué)分析、故障診斷、航天航空、機(jī)械工程、建筑工程、鐵路交通、生物醫(yī)療、教學(xué)及科研等諸多方面。隨

6、著計(jì)算機(jī)軟硬件技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)及網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,給虛擬儀器的發(fā)展提供了廣闊的天地,國內(nèi)外儀器界正看中這個(gè)大市場。測控儀器將會(huì)向高效、高速、高精度和高可靠性以及自動(dòng)化、智能化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的方向發(fā)展。開放式數(shù)據(jù)采集標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將使虛擬儀器走上標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、通用化、系列化和模塊化的道路。虛擬儀器作為教學(xué)的新手段,已慢慢地走進(jìn)了電子技術(shù)的課堂和實(shí)驗(yàn)室,正逐漸改變著電子技術(shù)教學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)模式,這也是現(xiàn)代教育技術(shù)發(fā)展的必然。在電工電子實(shí)驗(yàn)室的建設(shè)中,實(shí)驗(yàn)室常規(guī)設(shè)備有的已經(jīng)老化,有的技術(shù)上有些落后,在當(dāng)前學(xué)校經(jīng)費(fèi)較少的情況下,如果配置常規(guī)儀器、儀表,學(xué)校財(cái)力難以支付,也不符合目前學(xué)校的實(shí)際。而且,隨著測試儀器的數(shù)字化、計(jì)算機(jī)化的發(fā)

7、展趨勢,傳統(tǒng)測試儀器漸漸有被取代的趨勢。如果運(yùn)用虛擬儀器技術(shù),以微機(jī)為基礎(chǔ),構(gòu)建集成化測試平臺(tái),代替常規(guī)儀器、儀表,不但滿足電工電子實(shí)驗(yàn)教學(xué)的需要,而且將這批微機(jī)可作為其他有關(guān)計(jì)算機(jī)課程教學(xué)用機(jī),大大提高了設(shè)備利用率,降低了實(shí)驗(yàn)室建設(shè)的成本。當(dāng)前應(yīng)該解決的是如何使虛擬儀器和現(xiàn)有儀器配合,挖掘現(xiàn)有儀器的潛力,達(dá)到逐步淘汰和取代傳統(tǒng)儀器的目的?？傊?虛擬儀器有很廣闊的發(fā)展空間,并最終要取代大量的傳統(tǒng)儀器成為儀器領(lǐng)域的主流產(chǎn)品,成為測量、分析、控制、自動(dòng)化儀表的核心。5.信號(hào)發(fā)生器概述信號(hào)發(fā)生器signal generator又稱信號(hào)源或振蕩器,是一種能提供各種頻率、波形和輸出電平電信號(hào),常用作測試

8、的信號(hào)源或激勵(lì)源的設(shè)備。在生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐和科技領(lǐng)域中有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。隨著現(xiàn)代電子、計(jì)算機(jī)和信號(hào)處理等技術(shù)的發(fā)展,極大促進(jìn)了數(shù)字化技術(shù)在電子測量儀器中的應(yīng)用,使原有的模擬信號(hào)處理逐步被數(shù)字信號(hào)處理所代替,從而擴(kuò)充了儀器信號(hào)的處理能力,提高了信號(hào)測量的準(zhǔn)確度、精度和變換速度,克服了模擬信號(hào)處理的諸多缺點(diǎn),數(shù)字信號(hào)發(fā)生器隨之發(fā)展起來。傳統(tǒng)的信號(hào)發(fā)生器其功能完全靠硬件實(shí)現(xiàn),功能單一而且用戶的購置、維護(hù)費(fèi)用高。更重要的是,對于傳統(tǒng)的信號(hào)發(fā)生器,其功能一旦確定便不能更改,用戶要想使用新的功能則必須重新購買新的儀器,傳統(tǒng)信號(hào)發(fā)生器的不足是顯而易見的。虛擬儀器是將儀器技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、總線技術(shù)和軟件技術(shù)緊密的融合在

9、一起,利用計(jì)算機(jī)強(qiáng)大的數(shù)字處理能力實(shí)現(xiàn)儀器的大部分功能,打破了傳統(tǒng)儀器的框架,形成的一種新的儀器模式。本文摘譯自:Computing Paradigm.ISBN:3-540-64948-4中原工學(xué)院信息商務(wù)學(xué)院外文翻譯 二、英語原文 Virtual Instrument Technology and Its Development 1、The generation background of virtual instrument Today we are in a highly developed information society which require a limitedtime

10、and space to achieve a large amount of information exchange inevitably bringabout the rapid increase of information density，required the electronic systems have afaster speed and more powerful function for information processing. On the one handthe development of electronic technology and market req

11、uirements objectively makethe test instrument develop to the direction of automation and flexible On the otherhand the electronic technology and market development also make virtual instrumentpossible. In this situation the virtual instruments based on micro-computer graduallybecome a reality its ap

12、pearance and extensively use provide an excellent model forthe design of test system and allows engineers more powerful and flexible in measureand control. 2 、The concept of virtual instrument Virtual Instruments Virtual Instrument referred to as VI concept is firstproposed by the National Instrumen

13、ts NI in 1980s . The virtual instrument is akind of Computer equipment system which based on the general purpose computer asthe core hardware platform defined by the user with a virtual front panel the testfunction is performed by a computer testing software. The core idea is to use apowerful comput

14、er resources that would otherwise require hardware to software ofthe technology in order to minimize system cost enhance system functionality andflexibility. The virtual instrument represents the fundamental changes from traditionalhardware-based test system to Software-centric test system. The emer

15、gence of virtualinstrument is a revolution in the history of instruments it represents the latestdevelopment direction and trend of instrument produced an immeasurable influenceon the development of science and technology and industrial production progress.Virtual instrument have many advantages suc

16、h as high performance scalabilitystrong development time is short and seamless integration. 4 中原工學(xué)院信息商務(wù)學(xué)院外文翻譯 3、graphical virtual instrument development platform-LABVIEW introduction and itsadvantages LABVIEW is short for Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench itis a powerful and flexib

17、le instrumentation and analysis of application development tool created by National Instruments National instruments IN 。 Labview is agraphical programming language mainly used to develop data acquisition instrumentcontrol and data processing and analysis software. Currently the development ofsoftwa

18、re is popular in the international test measurement and control industry measurement and control areas in the country has also been widely used. FunctionGenerator is a generic instrument widely used in scientific research and engineeringdesign。LABVIEW software development platform has the following

19、advantages： 1. It use graphical programming approach the designer do not need to write any code in text format It is the true language of engineers. 2. It provides a wealth of data collection analysis and storage of the library functions. 3. Provides both the traditional debugging tools such as sett

20、ing breakpoints single step while providing a unique tool for highlighting the implementation of that program to run the animation style which will help designers to observe the details of running so that debugging and development of more is convenient. 4. The 32bit compiler generates 32bits compile

21、d program to ensure that user data acquisition test and measurement solutions for high-speed implementation. 5. Include the functions of the communication bus in DAQ GPIB PXI VXI RS-232/485 and other kind of equipment making the developer who do not know the different bus stand can driver the interf

22、ace devices and instruments 6. Provide a substantial amount of code or software for connecting external mechanisms such as DLL dynamic link library DDE shared libraries ActiveX and so on. 7. Powerful Internet capabilities support for common network protocols to facilitate networking remote monitorin

23、g and control equipment development. Graphical program programming is simple and intuitive the development and high efficiency. With the continuous development of virtual instrumentation and graphical programming language test and control areas will become the most popular trends. 5 中原工學(xué)院信息商務(wù)學(xué)院外文翻譯

24、4、The development direction of virtual instrument As a new instruments the advantage of the virtual instruments is thatuser-defined functions and structure of the instrument and easy to build Conversionflexible it has been widely used in electronic measurement acoustic analysis faultdiagnosis aerosp

25、ace mechanical engineering construction Engineering railwaytransportation biomedical and many other aspects of teaching and research. With thedevelopment of computer hardware and software technology communicationstechnology and network technology providing a vast world of the development of thevirtu

26、al instrument Chinese and foreign equipment sector is the large market.Monitoring equipment will be the efficient high-speed high precision and highreliability and automation intelligence and network direction. Open standards fordata collection will put instrument on a standardized universal serial

27、and modularway. The virtual instrument as a new teaching tool has been slowly walked into theclassroom and laboratory and is gradually changing the traditional mode of electronictechnology teaching which is the inevitable development of modern educationaltechnology. In the construction of electric a

28、nd electronic laboratory some laboratoryequipment have been conventional aging some have technical backward in thecurrent school funds under the circumstances of less If buy regular instrument andmeter it is difficult for the school to pay for it and it is not fit with the schoolssituation. Moreover

29、 with the test equipment digitalized computerized trend thetraditional test instruments have the trend been gradually replaced. If the virtualinstrument technology computer-based building integrated test platform instead ofconventional instruments meters not only to meet the needs of electrical ande

30、lectronic experimental teaching and will these computer courses on computer can beused as teaching other machines greatly improving Equipment utilization reducingthe cost of laboratory construction. The current should be addressed is how to makevirtual instruments and existing instruments together a

31、nd tap the potential of existingequipment to phase out and replace the traditional instrumentation . In short thevirtual instrument has a broad space for development and ultimately to replace thelarge number of traditional instruments into the mainstream of the field instrumentation products as meas

32、urement analysis control automation instrumentcore. 6 中原工學(xué)院信息商務(wù)學(xué)院外文翻譯 5、 Signal Generator Overview Signal generator signal generator also known as signal source or oscillator is akind of equipment to provide a variety of frequency waveform and output levelsignal the signal source used for testing or excitation. It has been widely used in thescience and technology and production practice. With the development of modernelectronics computers and signal processing technology Advancing digitaltechnology in the application of electronic measuring instrum