中西方神話的比較

1、距離頂部?jī)尚蠺he cultural comparison of Ancient Chinese myth and the Greek mythology 三號(hào)Times New Roman體加粗（英文） Zhang San 距離標(biāo)題一行 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of BA in English距離姓名六行專業(yè)名稱統(tǒng)一為ENGLISH，不要寫(xiě)方向名稱，如商英，國(guó)貿(mào)，翻譯South China Business CollegeGuangdong University o

2、f Foreign Studies April, 2011距離專業(yè)名稱兩行 DECLARATION The thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any institutions of higher learning and to the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis contains no material previously published or written by

3、 another person, except when due references are made in the text of the thesis.Signature: 學(xué)生需要將自己英文拼音及中文姓名都打印上去，另外再手簽漢語(yǔ)名字 Zhang San 張三 Date: April 23rd, 2011四號(hào)Times New Roman ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS三號(hào)Times New Roman體加粗，居中 I would like to thank a number of people who have helped me with my thesis academical

4、ly and mentally. First of all I want to express my gratitude to my supervisor,_ _ . In the period of my thesis preparation, her/his professional and patient instructions have led me into the field of Education; his/her strict requirements have enabled me to learn how to do research work; and her/his

5、 benevolent understanding and kind encouragement have been supporting me all the time. I especially appreciate her/his insightful suggestions for the original perspective of my thesis as well the polishing of the structure of the thesis. My sincere thanks go to all of my teachers in Faculty of Engli

6、sh Language and Culture, South China College, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. Without their earnest and comprehensive instructions, which have laid the solid foundation in my learning. I cannot have completed this thesis smoothly. For them, I will strike to be better.四號(hào)Times New Roman體(以上僅供

7、參考， 請(qǐng)同學(xué)們根據(jù)實(shí)際情況自行撰寫(xiě)致謝詞) ABSTRACT三號(hào)Times New Roman體加粗，居中。 Myth is a kind of deposit of the primitive culture; it is the spirit heritage of different nations from the primitive period.As two great resources of ethical culture and accumulation of ethical spirit,chinese and greek mythologies differ from

8、each other with distinctive features.This article compares the mythology of the mythology of the two great cultures and explores the cultural backgrounds for the differences in the aspects like the images of god and man,the ethical psychology and spirit behind the mythology,etcKey words: Chinese myt

9、hology Greek mythology culture comparison 摘 要 神話是民族精神最集中最本色的閃光，是民族文化最悠久古老、最頑強(qiáng)健壯的生命之根，也是民族文化的本質(zhì)特征所在。神話座位一種輝煌的人類精神文化產(chǎn)品，在其漫長(zhǎng)的生成過(guò)程中，由于各民族的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件、歷史背景、宗教意識(shí)、文化傳統(tǒng)和民族審美心理的巨大差異，似的不同的民族神話的具體表現(xiàn)形式呈現(xiàn)出多樣性特征。中國(guó)神話和希臘神話歷來(lái)被視為東西方文化特征的體現(xiàn)，本文試圖從中國(guó)希臘神話的相似點(diǎn)、差異及產(chǎn)生的文化背景因素等幾個(gè)角度對(duì)中國(guó)神話和希臘神話做一個(gè)比較。關(guān)鍵字：中國(guó)神話 希臘神話 文化背景 比較 CONTENTS 1.

10、 Definition and Origin of Myth.62. the difference and relationship. . 72.1 The common points .8 2.2The different points.93.The specialty of chinese myths and Greek myth.104.Similarities Between Chinese Mythology and Greek Mythology.11 4.1 Gods and Nature-the Creation of the World.11 4.2 Gods and Man

11、kind.12 4.2.1 The Origin of Human Beings.135. Cause of Diversities.13 5.1 Difference of time .14 5.2 Difference of geographical environment.14 5.3 Differences in store and spread process146. Conclusion.147.Bibliography.151.Definition and Origin of MythMyth is a precious treasure that is inherited fr

12、om our ancient ancestors. It is the production of the development of society and history. Studying myth is good for us to understand history. Comparing different nations myths can help us study common character and specialties of each nations development from each other. But in the beginning, we sho

13、uld explain a question. Whats the myth? Only after we understand it, can we ensure our study keep in right direction. The word “mythology” is originated from Greek. Before defining the term "mythology" one needs to define the meaning of the word "myth". The word itself comes from

14、 the Greek "mythos" which originally meant "speech" or "discourse" but which later came to mean "fable" or "legend". In this thesis the word "myth" will be defined as a story of forgotten or vague origin, basically religious or supernatural

15、 in nature, which seeks to explain or rationalize one or more aspects of the world or a society. “Mythology” is a kind of unreal imagination. Mr. Mao Dun defined it as “tales that prevailed in primitive society. Gods who had more incredible power than human conducted them. They were transmitted and

16、believed by ancient people though its ridiculous”1. A myth is also distinctly different from an allegory or parable which is a story deliberately made up to illustrate some moral point but which has never been assumed to be true by anyone. Some myths describe some actual historical event, but have b

17、een embellished and refashioned by various story tellers over time so that it is impossible to tell what really happened. In this last aspect myths have a legendary and historical nature.Therefore, myth, which is the primitive peoples recognition, understanding and explanation about objective world

18、(mainly the nature) with imaginative thinking, is a cultural phenomenon. Its the reflection of primitive peoples natural value and social value.Another aspect is what the origin of myth was and how myth was formed. We have known that myth is originated from primitive society. It was primitive people

19、s recognition, understanding and explanation about objective world. In primitive society, human just learned walking and making tools that differentiated people from animal. The greatest progress was they had learned thinking. At that time, for poor productivity and knowledge, many things such as th

20、under, lightening, sunrise and sunset were out of the peoples ability to give a reasonable explanation. For fear of the nature, they thought these natural phenomena were dominated by certain invisible power. So they embodied this power. Thats the formation of so called “God”. They considered those G

21、ods who are closely concerned with their life and production as their protectors. They created the stories of Gods to praise. Each race lives in different areas with different kinds of environments. Therefore, the shape and their way of respects were different. As developing of society and increasin

22、g of social productivity, their life and production was greatly improved. However, some tradition were remained, the ancient myth was one of them. The people embellished the original myths to make them more colorful and legendary. Therefore, myth is not produced at certain period but gradually enric

23、hed, developed and perfected as developing of society and history.2the difference and relationship - Greek mythology and ancient Chinese myth from God's appearance and personality :2.1 the common pointsChinese and Greek mythology gives the universe personality and will, reflect the ancestors of

24、human force firm belief.Chinese myth and the Greek mythology emphasizes the role of womenThe sub, Rhea, and Hera goddess Nuwa these in the creation of the universe in the process are play a decisive role, this is the matriarchal clan society condition reflection, is on the women's social status

25、recognition. Can say, a creation of God giant portrayed a female image, are human beings born with a pair of maternal attachment complex reflection, is also full of human affection.2.2 the different pointsIn Greek mythology, Greek mythological gods are divided into" new" and" old"

26、; God, the God of their generation after generation reproduction and finally formed a pedigree.The new God and God has been in the struggle, the new gods gradually replaced the old gods. While Chinese mythology is no such argument, the Chinese God is immortal, is regarded as the ancestor worship. Ch

27、inese ancestor worship and worship are often linked together. At this point, the Greek myth of the philosophy of Chinese myth is more advanced than.In Greek mythology, the image of God is completely personified. " God is the most beautiful person", on the contrary, Chinese mythology is the

28、 God depicted adult animal community.Ancient Greek mythology the God grow up with the face and body that are similar to man, which can be derived from Greek gods of ancient temple, even the God like Poseidon, God of the sun all are no exception. The Greeks believed that," God is the most beauti

29、ful people". The ancient statues spread to more than two thousand years later, still exudes the charm of endless, it shows the beauty of human body is also in line with the modern aesthetic standard. Visible, the ancient Greek ancestor's aesthetic taste is very modern. Many people make the

30、mistake of ancient statue Venus as a modern man 's creation, it is proved that.Chinese mythology is the God depicted as body is made up of people and animal.For example, the gods Fu body like a snake, the Sun God Yan Di long horns, God sent them to earth, they tend to be mysterious and authority

31、. This is in fact a kind of totem worship, its reason is in a state of the ancestors of the fear of nature.Greek myth not only records God's power, but also records God also has passion and desire.Chinese ancient god is superior, honest, serious, if we give them the desires of men, it will be co

32、nsidered a blasphemy to them. Greek mythology a lot of love story, no matter male god, goddess, all full of desire. Zeus fell in love with the beautiful woman many times, the goddess or ordinary woman and gave birth to a lot of Zeus' illegitimate child; the sun god Appollo love water daughter Da

33、phne; Holy goddess of hunting and fell in love with the handsome boy. God is jealous, vicious, for example, Hera, Athena, Aphrodite for" the most beautiful goddess" to make plan each other. And our Chinese God will never have such a mind, our God is superior, honest, serious.Summary: Greek

34、 mythology emphasizes the human nature, human nature to worship, the full display of human nature and desire for beauty, it is human body open bold and natural pursuit, but, it also developed western society of the importance of dignity and personality, the pursuit of individuality liberation of the

35、 spirit of the people is very favorable. While Chinese mythology is rejection of human nature, to suppress desire for beauty, it is the cultural differences between the source.3. The specialty of Chinese Myths and Greek mythsChinese Mythology is a collection of cultural history, folktales, and relig

36、ions that have been passed down in oral or written form. There are several aspects to Chinese mythology, including creation myths and legends and myths concerning the founding of Chinese culture and the Chinese state. Like many mythologies, some people believe it to be a factual recording of history

37、.Oral and literary traditions of the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and heroes and the nature and history of the cosmos. The Greek myths and legends are known today primarily from Greek literature, including such classic works as Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, Hesiod's Works and Days and T

38、heogony, Ovid's Metamorphoses, and the dramas of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. The myths deal with the creation of the gods and the world, the struggle among the gods for supremacy and the triumph of Zeus, the love affairs and quarrels of the gods, and the effects of their adventures and

39、powers on the mortal world, including their link with natural phenomena such as thunderstorms or the seasons and their connection with cultic sites or rituals. Among the great stories of Greek mythology and legend are those of the Troy War, the voyage of Odysseus, Jason's search for the Golden F

40、leece, the exploits of Heracles, the adventures of Theseus, and the tragedy of Oedipus. Affected by geographic, historical and some other objective factors, each nations myths and legends are quite different. Of course there are amazing that exist in China and Greek which are representative countrie

41、s of eastern and western civilization. What are the characters of two countries myths? About this, this thesis intends to discuss two aspects: similarities and diversities. From similarities, two myths have similar statement on the creation of the world, the origin of human being and extermination o

42、f the world after deluge and so on. In respect to diversities, Chinese myths are independent while Greek myths are systemic. Chinese myths emphasize human-based spirits that is the national feature of China. Greek myths incline to God-based spirits. In Greek myths, Gods get much higher position that

43、 human cant reach. Gods in ancient Chinese myth are almost combination of Gods and animal, while Greek Gods look the same as ordinary people. Besides, there are many heroes both in Chinese myths and in Greek myths. Those heroes own different characters and action rules. This thesis is analyzing and

44、comparing Chinese myths and Greek myths through above-mentioned matters.4.Similarities Between Chinese Mythology and Greek Mythology4.1 Gods and Nature-the Creation of the WorldThe nature mentioned here refers to the universe and the world. Both Chinese myths and Greek myths concern a problem that i

45、s the creation of the world. At present, we all know the earth formed 4.5 billion years ago and it is the production of the universal explosion. But at ancient time or primitive society, people could impossible understand the cause of the worlds creation as clear as people nowadays could for limitat

46、ion of level of productivity. So through their imagination and what they had seen, they attributed the creation of the world to Gods efforts. For example, in Chinese myths, Pangu was considered as the first God. He created the world.Pangu not only divided the sky and the earth but also created every

47、thing in the world. Its said that his breath changed into winds and clouds, his voice into thunder, his two eyes into the sun and the moon, his body into mountains, his blood into rivers, his hair into stars, his skin into grass, and even his sweat still changed into rain and dew. Its obvious that P

48、angu created the world and made the world begin.Greek myths are Gods world. Its theory about the creation of the world mainly. refers to the division of the sky and the earth, and the formation of the Olympian God system: At the beginning of all things, Mother Earth emerged from Chaos and bore her s

49、on Uranus as she slept. Then she bore the day and the night. At last, she bore twelve Titans with Uranus. Uranus was defeated by his youngest son named Cronus. Uranus founded his domination. At last he was defeated by his son Zeus. Zeus became the king of Gods. He married with his sister Hera. They

50、bore Apollo, Athena, Aphrodite, Ares and some other new Gods. The Olympian God system formed.No matter what contents and styles are, there is an agreement between Chinese myths and Greek myths, namely, this world was created by Gods. In primitive society, the people, no matter where they lived, all

51、experienced the same period of psychological development. Although they only had simple thinking, they wanted to study the mysteries of the universe, such as how did the world begin and where did the human come from and so on. But they always could not find the answers. So the nature became Gods, th

52、e world became the country of Gods.4.2Gods and Mankind4.2.1 The Origin of Human Beings Chinese mythology is a varied and multi-levelled as the country from which it springs. China contains many different cultural groupings, who speak a number of different languages. However, it has had a literate cu

53、ltural alike for thousands of years, and myths which were originally regional have spread by means of a pictographic script which transcended language barriers. Their evolution has not been entirely oral.Much Chinese mythology is based on animism, which sees the land itself as alive. It contains man

54、y therianthropic creatures, who are both animal and human, and demonstrates the playfuiness of the gods.From the beginning of the world, human beings come to the world. Myths were created by human, but in legends of myths, human was created by Gods. How did human come? There are several statements b

55、etween Chinese myths and Greek myths. But they have a similar statement that is human was formed by clay.This myth was meaningful. It not only made up the creation of human but also implied the cause of the class system. Besides creating human, Nüwa also saved human from disaster. So in China,

56、its Nüwa created human and achieved to reorder the universe. The religious beliefs of Classical Greece can be interpreted in many different ways. Nobody can be sure how or why people believe a certain story about their gods. And different people probably have different reasons for believing a story (or a myth myth is another word for a story). Or the same person may believe a story for several different reasons. Not everyone believe all the stories, either, different people may tell different stories. And people may tell one story in one situa