主謂一致原則

1、1、語法一致是數(shù)。主謂一致三原則謂語動(dòng)詞與主語保持人稱、數(shù)的一致廠n.(sing.)/n.(sing.)/ p p ron.ron. (sing)/(sing)/ n.(U)n.(U) )toto dodo sth.sth. doingdoing sth.sth.只有一個(gè)從句作主語manymany a a + +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式S S ( ( pl.pl.) )-eg. :To work hard is necessary.Reading aloud is imp ortant.When and where to have the meeting is unknown.Whether he c

2、omes or not is of no matter.whatwhat引導(dǎo)的主語從句在大都情況下謂語都是第三人稱單數(shù)，但是，如果表語復(fù)數(shù)、whatwhat引導(dǎo)的主語從句帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)，此時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)謂語動(dòng)詞為：第三人稱單數(shù)pred.pred. V.(V.( pl.)pl.)eg. :What I(was) were廠What I say and thinktwo books.(is )二no business of yours.areI I.and.and .表:兩個(gè)人(物)；bothbothandand表：連接兩個(gè)主語。這種情況下謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Eg.Eg.He and I ar

3、e classmates.Both he and I are classmatesn但是，andand 指同一人(物)或同一概念這時(shí)andand后面沒有冠詞,謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Eg.In this hotel, the bread and batter is served for breakfast.The boyteacher and friend is a young scientist.rneacheach .and.and each-eacheach-each-and-andeveryevery -and-andeveryevery everyevery -and-and.

4、nonoandand nonononoandandA 謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)23eg. : In our countrymanymany a aandand manymany a aevery boy and every girl every boy and girlhas the right to receive education.each boy and each girleach boy and girlEvery man, woman and child in the village h.as.known the news.No boy and (no) girl is admitt

5、ed.Many a boy and many a girl has seen the film.anyon e(-body/-th in g),every(-body/-th in g),some on e(-body/-th in g),either,n either, each, one, the other, ano ther etc不定代詞作主語謂語動(dòng)詞為第三人稱單數(shù)形式。Eg.:Each of the children has an orange.Everything around us is matter.Nobody/ No one knows the answer.Either

6、 of the children is clever.在口語中either/neither of +代詞或名詞復(fù)數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)（即：兩個(gè)中任何一個(gè)都不）強(qiáng)調(diào)整體謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)（即：兩個(gè)都不）Neither of the novels is/are very interesting.None of us know/knows the answer.None of the food tasted good, did it?None of the apples tasted good, did they?主語some on e,some on e,somebody,a nyon

7、e,a ny on e,every on e,everybody,etc謂語動(dòng)詞為第三人稱單數(shù)。(此句中的反意問句強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人用she/he/his/her;調(diào)個(gè)人人用they/them/their. Everything,nothing的為it)eg.;Someone is singing the song, isn廠 t he/she?時(shí)句強(qiáng)arent they?Nobody came, did they? If anyonecalls, tell them Ias well as.like.(together)with. but.in additi on toexce pt. alongwi

8、th.in cludi ng.rather tha n.m out.*謂語動(dòng)詞單數(shù)45more tha n.Eg.:The teacher as well as the students like the TV p lay.He, like you and Joan, is very clever.No one but Jack and Mary was there then.The driver, rather than his friends, is responsiblefor the traffic accident.I, in addition to Tom am to blame.

9、在主謂倒裝句中，謂語跟其后的主語保持一致。Eg.? Here comes a bus.? On the wall were famous paintings.關(guān)系代詞who/that/whichwho/that/which等在定語從句中作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與先 行詞保持一致。Eg.Some of the energy that is used by man nowadays comes from the atom.Eg.? She was the only one of the girls who/that was late for school.? Lu Xun is one of the g

10、reatest writers that have over lived in China.序數(shù)詞+ +,+of+of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式f謂語動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式Eg.The third one of the students is from Beijing.oneone andand a a halfhalf + +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式f謂語動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式Eg.One of a half bananas is left on the table.a a numbernumber ofof + +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式f謂語動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)thethe numbernumber ofof + +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式f謂語

11、動(dòng)詞單數(shù)Eg.? A number of students are doing morning exercises.? The number of students in the class is 45. 當(dāng)numbernumber前有比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)+of+of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式f謂語動(dòng)詞 復(fù)數(shù)Eg.? The greater number of them have passed the exam.? The largest number of lakes are in the Bei Province.一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞：clothesscissorstrousersshoclothes

12、scissorstrousersshor r短 褲)scaless)scalesspectaclesglasspectaclesglass作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，但是如果其 前有：a a PairPair of/of/ a apiecepiece of/of/ a a suitsuit ofof時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。(11)more than +n umbers+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)-6more than +one+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)Eg. More than one student is from China.There are more than one thousan

13、d students in this school.(12)a a lotlot of/of/ lotslots of/of/ p p lentylenty of/twoof/two thirdsthirds ofofetcetc + +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；+不可數(shù)名詞形式謂語動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)(13)this/that/a kind of +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Eg. There is a kind of tree in the garden which flowers once every two years(=every other year). 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+ + o

14、f+of+ this/this/ thatthat kindkind謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)eg. Men of this kind are dangerous.many/many/ differentdifferent kindskinds ofof + +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)Eg There are many kinds of flowers in the p ark.二、意義一致1.1.表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)碼、度量衡等復(fù)數(shù)名詞、meansmeans單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)都為原形，指：方法，手段。MeansMeans作主 語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞有兩種情況。Eg. Every means hasbeen trrie

15、d.All p ossible means haveThere is/ are no means of learning what is happ ening.4.4.用作：書名、劇名、報(bào)紙名、國(guó)家名稱等的名詞復(fù)數(shù)做為謂語動(dòng)詞 時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式。Eg.“The Arabian Nights”is a very interesting story book.5.5.集合名詞：people/police/public/cattlepeople/police/public/cattle etcetc做主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞 復(fù)數(shù)。Eg. People are talking about the ne

16、ws.Cattle feed on grass.The police are looking for him.有些集合 名詞：family/family/ team/team/ class/class/ army/army/ enemy/enemy/ group/group/ government/government/comcom pany/pany/ committee/committee/ crowd/crowd/ crew/crew/ audienceaudience作 整體謂 語單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)成員謂語動(dòng)詞用其復(fù)數(shù)。Eg. His family has moved to Ottawa.Hi

17、s family are watching TV .上述的集合名詞前有：a/ an/ each/ every/ this/ that時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。Eg. Each family has only one child there.PopulationPopulation作主語強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)地區(qū)、國(guó)家的人口用動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式7作主語強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)地區(qū)、國(guó)家的人口中的成員、成分,用動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式The popu lation of China is very large.Eighty p ercent of the popu lation of China are p easants.6.6. who/wh

18、o/ what/what/ which/which/ all/all/ more/more/ most/most/ some/some/ none/none/ half/half/ thethe rest/rest/ thethe reminder,reminder,etcetc作主語謂語動(dòng)詞看情況用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)。Eg.廠Who is your brother? Who are league members?f-Half of the fruit is bad.L Half of the visitors are from Canada.廠Most of the wood was used to

19、 make furniture.1 Most of the are young men.Some students are cleaning the windows.The remainder are swee ping the floor.The reminder of the food was taken away.7.7. thethe +adj.+adj.Ithethe old,old, thethe young,young, thethe richrich thethewise,wise, thethe deaf,deaf, thethe sick.sick.L L表示抽象概念（單數(shù)）The young have lofty ideas.表示一類人（復(fù)數(shù)）:In those countries the rich make slaves of the poor.The beautiful lives forever.n少數(shù)-ed/-ed/ -in-ing g結(jié)尾的分詞作主語時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)類別謂語動(dòng)詞用其 復(fù)數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)別謂語動(dòng)詞用其單數(shù)The wounded are being taken good care of at the his pital.The wounded was s