國際音標講義

1、博奧教育國際音標班講義中文名_英語名_班 號_目 錄UNIT ONE- 第 2頁UNIT TWO- 第 7頁UNIT THREE- 第11頁UNIT FOUR - 第15頁UNIT FIVE - 第19頁UNIT SIX - 第23頁UNIT SEVEN- 第27頁UNIT EIGHT- 第31頁UNIT NINE- 第35頁Tongue twister- 第38頁附錄一語音學習方法 - 第40頁附錄二發(fā)音熟練程度自測表 - 第41頁 Unit One你要知道的幾個概念² 元音：發(fā)音響亮，是樂音；口腔中氣流不收阻礙；是構成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有20元音。² 輔音：發(fā)音不響亮

2、，是噪音；口腔中氣流受到阻礙；不是構成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有28輔音。² 輔音分為濁輔音和清輔音：你可以用下面兩種方法區(qū)分他們² 1把手放到喉嚨上，發(fā)濁輔音時聲帶震動。 ² 2. 用手捂住耳朵，發(fā)濁輔音時聲音很響，而清輔音則幾乎聽不見。前元音 i： i 爆破輔音 p b t d k g 一、前元音 i：1. Learning：學習 長元音，舌尖抵下齒，舌前部向硬腭盡量抬起，舌部肌肉緊張，嘴唇向兩旁伸開，成扁平型，像微笑一樣。2. Feeling：感受 i： e- me he she ee- bee meet feet geese ea- tea sea seat

3、teacher ie- piece niece chief 短語：in the tree , in the street , in the fields , in the deep sea , have a meeting , a key man 句子：Lets eat peas. Keep the meat in the fridge. Please take the seat. I am on Team Three. 3. 對話： A：Where is Mr.Lee? 李先生在哪兒？ B：He is on the beach.他在海灘上。 A：What would you like to

4、eat? 你想吃些什么？ B：Slices of bread, please. 面包片。二、前元音 i 1 Learning：學習 短元音，舌尖抵下齒，舌前部向硬腭盡量抬起。2 Feeling：感受 i i- sit pig his this six king ay- Sunday holiday Monday Tuesday ey- money monkey honey volley y- study city busy very only happy copy e- beside behind between excuse eraser pretty短語 a big city , a pr

5、etty lady , a busy day , a little monkey , a foreign language句子 What a big city! Can you copy the file? It is a crime to pick a pocket. The dish of fish is delicious. Sit down , please.3 對話 Tom：How is your Granny? 你奶奶好嗎？ Mary：She is fit as a fiddle. 她很健康。 Mary：How is your company？ 你的公司怎么樣？ Jack：Oh，i

6、t is big and busy。 噢，很大，很忙。練習題1 請正確讀出以下讀音： big pig film kick dig pity guitar foreign money build business pillow deep he eve meat deceit niece key2 請讀出以下句子。 That is for the three evenings. It is not good to eat too much meat. Tim lives in this city. The six little sisters live in this city.三、輔音 p b

7、1. Learning：學習 雙唇緊閉，然后突然分開，氣流沖出口腔發(fā)音。2. Feeling：感受 p p- pig map pen pencil picture paper pretty b b- big book boot bike black bread rubberComparing：比較 bi：- pi： i：b - i：p bi：b - pi：p bi：p - pi：b bi - pi ib - ip bib - pip bip - pib 句子： Peter was sleeping on the pillow. Pick up the pen, please. I can pl

8、ay the piano. Please pass me a piece of paper. Could you pick me up at the Peoples Hall, Peter?3. Dialogue 對話： Peter: How do you do? Im Black, Peter Black. 你好，我是布萊克，彼得·布萊克。 Bob: How do you do, Mr. Black? Im Bob Brown.你好，布萊克先生。我是鮑伯·布朗。四、輔音 t d 1. Learning: 學習舌尖緊帖下齒齦， 然后突然下降，氣流沖出口腔發(fā)音。2. Feel

9、ing: 感受 t - tableteatimetaketaketoytentwelveteacher d - deskdaddeardeerladderbadComparing 比較 ti: - ti ti:t - tit ti:p - tip tip - tib i:t - it pi:t - pit bi:t - bit bi:pt - bipt 句子：There is a letter for Tom.I will take a driving-test.Mr. Taylor is talking with his client.Ill see Titanic tonight.3. 對

10、話：A: Whats the date today?今天幾好？ B: The 3rd December.十二月三日。 A: What day is today?今天星期幾？ B: Today is Sunday.今天星期日。五、 輔音 k g 1. Learning: 學習舌后部隆起，緊貼軟腭，形成阻礙，然后突然離開，氣流沖出口腔發(fā)音。2. Feeling : 感受 k c: cat callcomecanck: chickkickbackblack k: kiteKatemakebakech: schoolChristmas g g: gooddoggeesebaggrandmagateCo

11、mparing: 比較 ki: - gi: ki:k - gi:k ki: p - gi:p pi:k - pi:g kit - tik gi:t - ki:t kig - gig bi:g - bi:k 句子Its cold. Put on your coat.The clinic is closed now.I often do morning exercise beside the lake.Come here to look at this picture.3 對話 A：Where may we park the car？ 我們在哪兒停車??？B：We may park the car

12、beside the garden. 我們可以把車停在花園旁。A：Thats OK. 好的。六 單元練習題：1. 聽錄音，圈出你所聽到的音標。 1. a . p b . b 2. a . p b . k 3. a . b b . d 4. a . t b . k 5. a . p b . d 6. a . i b . i： 7. a . d b . b 8. a . g b . b 9. a . g b . b 10. a . p b . t 2. 聽錄音，如果每組單詞中的劃線部分讀音相同，請在括號中打“ ”，否則請打“ ”。421. ( ) sea bread4. ( ) pencil pu

13、blic7. ( ) meat sweet2. ( ) eat teacher5. ( ) sheep sheet8. ( ) black lamb3. ( ) tea pleasant6. ( ) we behind9. ( ) nine know3. 聽寫音標。 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 4. 下列音標能拼出幾個英語字母的讀音？請分別把字母及其音標寫在下面的橫線上。 t p d i: b _5. 根據(jù)讀音規(guī)則給下列單詞劃線部分注上音標。1. page 2. birth 3. street 4. dance 5. jacket 6. we 7. think

14、 8. again 9. cold 10. doctor 11. hit 12. sweep 13. fever 14. believe 15. cut 6. 根據(jù)讀音規(guī)則讀出下列新單詞。pea bee peace piece pick tippeat peek peep pip pit kid Unit Two 你要知道的幾個概念1. 音節(jié)：由元音和輔音構成的發(fā)音單位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand2. 開音節(jié)：a) 輔音+元音+輔音+e name bike home due; b) 輔音+元音 he,

15、 go, hi3. 閉音節(jié)：a) 輔音+元音+輔音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+輔音it4. 重讀音節(jié)：單詞中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。 前元音 e æ 爆破輔音 f v h r 一、 前元音 e 1. Learning：學習 短元音，舌尖抵下齒，舌前部稍抬起，上下齒可容納一個食指尖，雙唇稍扁。2. Feeling：感受 e e : hen bed left nest desk jelly well yes ea : bread head breakfast 短語： a red letter day , a best seller , a piece of

16、bread , make a request for help , get wet , take a rest 句子： We should learn step by step. Today is a red letter day. There are ten well dressed men in the hall. This is the best novel I have ever read. I have a bit of a headache. I need a rest.3. Dialogue 對話： A：What are you going to do this weekend?

17、 你這周末打算去干什么？ B：Im going to visit Ted. 我要去看泰德。 He is my best friend. 他是我最好的朋友。二、 前元音 æ 1. Learning：學習 短元音，舌尖抵下齒，舌前部稍抬起，雙唇向兩旁平伸，或扁平形，咽喉有收縮。2. Feeling：感受 æ a ：bag lamp capper cat have flag 短語：a black bag , a happy family , a bad apple , a fat cat , a bad habit , hand in wand 句子： Mary always f

18、ollows fashion. I had a chat with sally, and knew that shell marry Jack. Sally bought a cap with a red cap band. My wife and I have a happy marriage and a happy family. 3. Dialogue 對話： A: Why were you absent yesterday? 你昨天為什么沒來？ B: I had a bad cold and had to lie in bed. 我得了重感冒，不得不躺在床上。 A: How are y

19、ou now? 你現(xiàn)在怎么樣了？ B: I feel better. 我感覺好多了。三、摩擦音 f v 1. Learning：學習下齒輕觸上齒，氣流由齒唇間的縫隙中通過引起摩擦發(fā)音。2. Feeling：感受 f f : fat face five knife for fish ph : photo phone dolphin nephew gh : enough rough v v : very driver seven van3. Comparing: 比較 fi: vi: fe ve f æ væ i: f i: v pef pev fit vit pi: ft p

20、i: vt def dev æf æv ef ev 4. 句子 They will invite all their friends to the wedding. They plan to marry in November. Frank has a set of beautiful flat. To be frank I have been fired. Its Friday today.四、輔音 h r 1. Learning：學習 h 口自然張開，氣流不受阻礙自由沖出口腔，只在通過聲門時產(chǎn)生摩擦音，口型依后面之音而變化，聲帶不震動。 r 舌尖向上卷起，停在口腔中央，

21、舌身向側收攏，雙唇突出，氣流從舌面與硬腭間流出發(fā)音。2. Feeling：感受 h h: hello hat head ham have wh: who whom r r: ride rubber red rabbit wr: write wrong wrap3. Comparing: 比較 ri: di: rem ret ript hipt red ret 句子 I like to travel on holidays. This is Henrys handbook. I like to keep a tool-box handy. Ill reach the library soon.

22、My friend, Frank, will come from UK on Friday.3. 對話：A: Do you know Henry? 你知道亨利嗎？B: Yes, he is tall. His left hand was hurt in a war.知道。他個子很高。他的左手在戰(zhàn)爭中受了傷。 He has a warm heart and often help others. 他是個熱心腸，經(jīng)常幫助別人。五、單元練習題1. 按聽音順序給下列音標編號。 1. （ ） tek ( ) dep ( ) ebt ( ) teg 2. （ ） pi: d ( ) bid ( ) beg

23、( ) get 2. 聽錄音，如果每組單詞中的劃線部分讀音相同，請在括號中打“ ”，否則請打“ ”。 1. ( ) head tea 2. ( ) bread head 3. ( ) eleven eleven 4. ( ) van fan 5. ( ) eleven bed 6. ( ) fat mat 7. ( ) vase vest 8. ( ) elephant pan 9. ( ) photo phone3. 讀句子，指出下列句子中各含有幾個所給的因素 .( ) That fat man has a black cap.( ) The man ran back to get his

24、cap and bag.4. 請按照所聽到的內容把所涉及到的因素劃出來，并在后面的橫線上寫出正確的音標。e.g. (Fred) f d i: e i r n fred b p e i: i d v g d r m r p ae i: e t n b r e d v b p i i: v p m r n p i: e f æ b 5. 聽寫音標。 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 6. 根據(jù)讀音規(guī)則給下列單詞劃線部分注上音標。 1. warp 2. free 3. matter 4. riddle 5. vest 6. wet 7. fit 8. eve 9

25、. climb 10. rag 11. sleeve 12. swept 13. flu 14. met 15. rest Unit Three中元音 : 摩擦音 s z 一、中元音 : 1. Learning:學習長元音，舌身平放，舌中部抬起到至中間位置，牙床開得較窄。2. Feeling:感受： : ir girlthirstyshirtbirdbirthdayur nursehurtThursdaypurpleor worker hercertainlyear earlyearth短語：turn red, serve a customer, at first, on earthbe at

26、 work, make a long journey, learn the list of words句子：My shirt is dirty, I should clean it.I will begin my work on Thursday.Its my turn to speak.I got the third place in the competition.3. 對話：A: Where do you work?你在哪里工作？B: I work for a German firm.我為一家德國公司工作。C: I work in the Diplomatic Service.我在外交部

27、工作。二、中元音 1. Learning: 學習短元音，舌中部稍抬起，牙床半開，雙唇扁平。2. Feeling:感受 er- riverrubberrulersupperteacheror- doctormonitoro- todaytomorrowchocolatea- aboutaroundaheadagainChinaure- pleasure picturetreasure短語： number ten, at ten oclock, from cover to cover, post a letter, draw a picture句子： Dont stick the two piec

28、es of paper together. Peter is the books author. As a visitor to Beijing, I like it in September. There are six people in my family, my grandfather, my father, my mother, my brother, my sister and I. 3. 對話：Mother: What do you want to be, son, a teacher, a driver, a writer, a doctor or a professor? 你

29、想做什么，兒子，老師，司機，作家，醫(yī)生還是教授？Son: I want to be a doctor. 我想做名醫(yī)生。三、摩擦音 s z 1. Learning:學習舌端靠近齒齦，但不要貼緊，氣流由舌端與齒齦間流出，摩擦發(fā)音。2. Feeling: 感受 s s: six lastsoupsevenmaps c: facepencilcent ss: classgrassglass z s: usemusiceraserknivesphotos z: zoozip magazinezero3. Comparing: 比較 st zt bl:ms bl:mz bs bz sip zip ta:s

30、 ta:z sæd zæd t : t:t zept sept 句子:We have rice for supper.I give you a box of sweets.There is a filling station near the supermarket.You can stay as long as you please.This is a smokeless zone.4. 對話: A: What did you have for supper? 你晚飯吃的什么？ B: Rice and fried eggs. 米飯和煎雞蛋。四、輔音 1. Learning

31、:學習舌尖在上下齒間，略微伸出，氣流由舌齒間的窄縫流出，摩擦發(fā)音。2. Feeling: 感受 th: thank thin three birthday bath month thumb th: they these those them their with smoothComparing: 比較 u: u i i i i a: a: æ æ ei ei 句子 Edith is taking a bath. Im thirsty. He is thinking of going north. There are three girls in my family. Im

32、the third. I will buy a pair of leather shoes this afternoon. 3. 對話A: What do you think of my leather shoes? 你覺得我的皮鞋怎么樣？ B: Theyre beautiful. And the leather is excellent. 很漂亮。而且皮革很好。五、單元練習題1. 按聽音順序給下列音標編號。 （ ） :d ( ) ri: ( ) si: ( ) s: （ ） siks ( ) i ( ) st: ( ) ik （ ）red ( ) fif ( ) zest ( ) si: （

33、 ） bri:z ( ) is ( ) zi: 2. 聽錄音，圈出你所聽到的音標。 1. ik ip it 2. ek ik i: k 3. i: p ip ep 4. in tin in 5. :k a:k :k 6. : :t :d 7. ik ik 8. ek ek 9. i:p i:p 10. h h 11. in in 12. :k :k 13. : t :t 14. a: t a:t 3. 聽錄音，如果每組單詞中的劃線部分讀音相同，請在括號中打“”，否則請打“×”。 1. （ ）joy coin 2. （ ）near pioneer 3. （ ）poor sure 4.

34、（ ）here where5. （ ）beer bear 6. （ ）hare hair7. （ ）dear dare 8. （ ）fear dear9. （ ）bear bare 10.（ ）stair stella11.（ ）hate hat 12.（ ）high blind 4. 請按照聽到的內容選出正確的音標，把它的編號填到括號內。（ ）1. niz 2. nz （ ）1. feit 2. beit （ ）1. : 2. u （ ）1. ba: k 2. bait （ ）1. ka:d 2. kaid （ ）1. :s 2. k:s （ ）1. bi: t 2. bi: d （ ）1.

35、 di: p 2. ti: p （ ）1. sei 2. dei （ ）1. bil 2. b:l （ ）1. k:in 2. k:n （ ）1. tu 2. tut 5. 讀單詞，注意黑體部分的讀音，并寫出它的音標。 1. light cry time 3. dear tear clear 5. pair chair hair 7. join point oil 2. joy destroy enjoy 4. hate mate great 6. deer near here 8. say make bake Unit Four 后元音 u u: 摩擦音 破摖音t d一、后元音 u 1. L

36、earning : 學習短元音，舌尖離開下齒，但不與上齒接觸，舍身后縮，雙唇收圓，稍向前突出。2. Feeling: 感受 u oo: book lookfootcookgoodhook u:putpullfullsugarbutcher ou:couldshouldwould短語：a good-looking womana cook-booka gas cookerfull speedin the woodsome good sugar句子：Ill do it by hook or by crook.Dont look outside the room, you should read yo

37、ur book carefully.They are playing football at the foot of the hill.The woman wants to buy some good sugar.He took two sugars in his coffee.3. 對話A： Would you help me find my son?你能幫助我找到我的兒子嘛？B：I would if I could.如果有可能我會的。A: Could I book room?我想訂一個房間。B: Im sorry. The hotel was full.對不起，房間被訂滿了。二、 后元音

38、u: 1.Learning : 學習長元音，舌尖離開下齒，舌后部向軟腭抬起，雙唇收圓，收小且更突出，口腔肌肉始終保持緊張狀態(tài)。2、Feeling狀態(tài) u: oo: zootoofoodafternoonbootgoose o:do whotwomovetomblose u: bluegluejuicerulerfluteruleew:blewdrewgrewflew短語：a glass of juicethe school rulesa stage crewblue moonfood and drinkblood group Ain June句子：Ill clean my room soon.Have some fruit , pleaseThis group of students is going to school.Its cool in a