[原創(chuàng)]語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

1、魏老師提示；在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中，掌握好動(dòng)詞的用法是最重要的，而非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞又是動(dòng)詞中非常重要的一部分，由于它們內(nèi)容多，有些用法相似，所以不好掌握，經(jīng)常被混淆用錯(cuò)，筆者通過(guò)列表比較方法，我們會(huì)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法一目了然，找出異同，更好的掌握它們的用法，下面通過(guò)列表比較的方式，分析非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主要用法。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般式不定式一般式動(dòng)名詞一般式分詞完成式不定式完成式動(dòng)名詞完成式分詞一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的相對(duì)時(shí)間關(guān)系相對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間意義例句說(shuō)明行為在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的行為之后，多數(shù)是那些表愿望I want to go home.的詞： want; hope; expect; wish等。I hope to

2、 see you.說(shuō)明行為與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的行為同時(shí)發(fā)生，多數(shù)是那些省略I saw him come in.不定式符號(hào)的詞，一般是復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。He helped him (to) carry things.表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)出。We enjoyed seeing the film.I am thinking of taking over the job.在動(dòng)詞 insist on; rely on; count on(相信 ) 等后表示動(dòng)He insisted on doing that work作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生。在有些明確表示時(shí)間先后的動(dòng)詞和介詞on; upon a

3、fter代I remember seeing him before.替完成動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生。On arriving Beijing, he went to see hisfriend.說(shuō)明分詞表示的動(dòng)作和He stood there speaking.現(xiàn)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)Holdinga book under his arm,he entered在作同時(shí)發(fā)生。the room.分說(shuō)明分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)Entering the room, I found nobody in.詞終止性動(dòng)詞生之后，句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Turning to the right, you w

4、ill find the表示的動(dòng)作立刻發(fā)生。post office.通常說(shuō)明分詞表示的動(dòng)Written in simple English, the book is作，此句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表easy to read.過(guò)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞示的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生。I can't find my lost pen.去說(shuō)明分詞表示的動(dòng)作和He isapersonwell-knowninthis分句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)country.詞作并無(wú)先后。代替完成式現(xiàn)在分詞的Educated bythe party, he became a brave被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。fighter.說(shuō)明行為動(dòng)詞在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的行為動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生。I&

5、#39;m sorry to have troubled you.He is said to have come here.He is thought to have done it.He is believed to have done it.He seemed to have known it.在 wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等動(dòng)詞過(guò)We wished to have done this.去時(shí)后，說(shuō)明行為動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)。I expected to have left by then.(=I had expected to heave by

6、 then.)說(shuō)明動(dòng)名詞表示的動(dòng)作，此句中動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生。We regret having told you the news.After having finished his work, he wenthome.He denied having broke the glasses.說(shuō)明分詞表示的動(dòng)作，此句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生。Having finished his work, he went home.多數(shù)表示一些瞬時(shí)間動(dòng)詞。如果是hear;see 或表示位置轉(zhuǎn)Sittingdown withhim, webegunto移的動(dòng)詞 arrive; leave; turn; ope

7、n.不用完成時(shí)discuss it.Hearing this, he rose and went to thedoor.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞二非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的意義意義和用法例句不定式表示被動(dòng)的意義有時(shí)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)的意義， 同被動(dòng)沒(méi)什么區(qū)別，具有“應(yīng)該”“值的”的意思。不定式是主語(yǔ)的承受者，但有時(shí)作某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)，如： nice,easy, hard, difficult, fit, suitable, good,The meeting is to be held next week.He wanted to be sent to the hard area.It'

8、;s too small to see.There is a lot of work to do動(dòng)名詞分詞heavy, comfortable, cheap等。表示被動(dòng)的意義在動(dòng)詞 need, require 等的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和形容詞 worth 后 , 表示被動(dòng)的意義現(xiàn)在分詞表示被動(dòng)的意義過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)的意義The house is to let at low rent.Houses are still to seek.Much remains to do.The text is hard to learn.He insisted on being sent to the hard area.

9、My watch needs repairing.The book is worth reading.The building being built is a school.Not having been told, he didn't know where to start.Heated, the metal expands.2. 一般現(xiàn)在分詞，完成的現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)意義的區(qū)別非謂語(yǔ)意義和用法例句動(dòng)詞一般式含有具體的意義，說(shuō)明和句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表The person being criticized is our monitor.現(xiàn)在分示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，一般是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞詞完成

10、式表示動(dòng)作狀態(tài)比句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，一Not having been told about it, I don't know how to do it.分詞般是瞬間動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分具有一船的意義，強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí)，說(shuō)明比句中Given more time, (=Having been given) I can do it much better.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，有時(shí)同完成詞式的被動(dòng)詞態(tài)可互換。三非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法作用1.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法作用一覽表非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)名詞分詞句子成分主語(yǔ)賓直接賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)介詞賓語(yǔ)形容詞賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)同謂語(yǔ)插入語(yǔ)2. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)例句意

11、義和用法詞動(dòng)詞不定式表示比較具體的意義，經(jīng)常和To master a foreign language is no easy job.特定的動(dòng)作和執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系起來(lái)，經(jīng)常帶時(shí)To do it well is my earnest desire間或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，有時(shí)表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。To see this film is to waste time.To solve this problem is out of the question動(dòng)詞不定式1) 形容詞作表語(yǔ)（常見(jiàn)的形容詞有：important,difficult,easy（短語(yǔ)）作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常見(jiàn)的另一種形式是hard possible）在句首用先

12、行代詞it 作形式主語(yǔ)，而將動(dòng)It is foolish to act in this way.詞不定式（短語(yǔ)）移到謂語(yǔ)之后作真正主It sounds reasonable to do it this way.語(yǔ)。用于這種形式是一些特定形容詞，動(dòng)It appears likely for them to arrive.不定式2) 動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ) （常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有： require,cost,amuse,delight,詞和名詞irritate, annoyIt took much time to do this.It makes us excited to think about that.It n

13、eeded hard work to finish the job.3) 名詞作表語(yǔ)It seems a pity to waste them.It is a great pleasure to do thisIt is a good idea to think this way.動(dòng)名詞表求比較抽象（一般）和經(jīng)常性的Collecting stamps is a good hobby.意義，有時(shí)可同不定式互換Swimming is a best sport in summer.There is no telling what will happen.There is no denying the fact.There is no need informing him of it.動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常見(jiàn)的另一種形式1) 形容詞作表語(yǔ)( 常見(jiàn)的形容詞有：enjoyable, good, hard,是在句首用先行代詞it 作形式主語(yǔ)面將動(dòng)worthwhile)動(dòng)名詞It is nice talking to you.名詞短語(yǔ)移至謂語(yǔ)之后作真實(shí)主語(yǔ)。用于這種形式是一些特定形容詞和名詞It's fo