高考復(fù)習(xí)(句子成分,簡單句,并列句)

1、v1.0可編輯可修改簡單句、并列句和復(fù)合句衡南九中殷老師編制學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1 .熟記簡單句的五種基本句型2 .會判斷簡單句的五種基本句型3 .了解英語句子的分類方法4 .會從結(jié)構(gòu)上區(qū)別認(rèn)識簡單句、并列句及復(fù)合句簡單句的五種基本句型課前熱身）I、劃分句子成分并判斷這些句子的類型1. She is a very good girl .（）(t)2. The girl(一詞)(is very good._語)()（一語）（一詞）（語）3. TheyII laughed.()（一語）（_ 詞）4. The kitesII fly in the sky.()（一語）（_ 詞）5. IIIbought a n

2、ew bike.()（一語）（一詞）（_ 語）6. He IIplays volleyball.()(t)（_ 詞）（_ 語）7. She IItold me a story.()（一語）（ 詞）（一 語）（ 語）8. He II gave me a good book. （）（一語）（ 詞）（ 語）（_ 語）II asked me to help him. （）（_語）（_ 詞）（_ 語）（ 語）II made me happy.（）（_ 語）（_ 詞）（ 語）（ 語）學(xué)習(xí)擂臺英語五種基本句型列式如下:基本句型一S.+V.（主+ 謂）基本句型二S.+V.+P.（主 + 系 + 表）基本句型三

3、S.+V.+O.（主 + 謂 + 賓）基本句型四S.+V.+.+.（主+謂+間賓+直賓）基本句型五S.+V.+.（主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)）、S.+V.（主語+謂語）請看下列例句并仿照劃分句子成分1. The sun was shining.2. We all breathe, eat, and drink.3. Who cares4. What he said does not matter.5. They talked for half an hour.6. The pen writes smoothly.此句型的句子有一個共同特點(diǎn)，即句壬的謂語動詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思2一一這類一動詞叫做丕及物動詞

4、,后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。（1）這些動詞常見的有：take place , happen, break out , appear , disappear , apologize ,arrive , come, die , exist , fall , rise , hang（可作及物動詞或不及物動詞）等。（2）有些動詞如 wash, sell , burn , write , clean , draw, cook , read 等可以在后面加副詞 表示主語的性質(zhì)。知識點(diǎn)2二、S.+V.+P.(主語+系動詞+表語)請看下列例句并仿照劃開句子成分1. This is _an Engl

5、ish - Chinese dictionary.2. The dinner smells good.3. He fell in love.4. Everything looks different.5. He is growing tall and strong.6. The trouble is that they are short of money.7. Our well has gone dry.8. His face turned red.歸納提示：在該句型中，句子的謂語動詞不能表達(dá)一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語 身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語，才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動詞叫做

6、連系動詞工蕤條辿迥分兩 類：(1)表示狀態(tài)的連系動詞。這些詞有：be, look , seem, appear, smell , taste , sound, sit ,stand , lie , keep, remain , stay 等。(2)表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動詞。這些詞有：become, get , grow , turn , go, come, prove 等。知識點(diǎn)3三、S.+V.+O.(主語+謂語+賓語)請看下列例句并仿照劃分句子成分1. Who knows the answer2. She smiled her thanks.3. He has refused to help

7、them.4. He enjoys reading.5. They ate what was left over.6. He said “Good morning.”7. I want to have a cup of tea.8. He admits that he was mistaken.這種句型中的動詞為及物動詞或者相當(dāng)于及物動詞動詞短語。謂語動詞都具有實(shí)義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達(dá)完整的意思，必須跟一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。同時，句子中有時含有與賓語有關(guān)的狀語。另外，動詞或動詞短語跟非謂語動詞作賓語時，有些 只跟不定式，而有些只跟動名詞。跟不定式做賓語的動詞有：

8、 afford , agree, choose, decide , demand, desire , determine , fail , hope, manage, offer , plan , prepare , pretend , promise , refuse , seek, threaten , wish , arrange , learn , etc.跟動名詞做賓語的動詞和短語有：acknowledge(承認(rèn))，admit , appreciate( 感激)，avoid ,consider , delay , deny, dislike , prevent , enjoy , e

9、scape, finish , imagine , keep, mind, practice , quit(放棄),risk , (can't)stand , suggest , advise 等；動詞短語有： give up, put off , feel like , set about , insist on 等。四、S.+V.+.+.(主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語)請看下列例句并仿照劃分句子成分1. She ordered herself a new dress.2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.3. He bought y

10、ou a dictionary./He bought a dictionary for you.4. I showed him my pictures./I showed my pictures to him.5. I gave my car a wash.6. I told him that the bus was late.7. He showed me how to run the machine.此句型謂語動詞是能黃雙更!遒勁迥二這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作 的間接承受者，即直接賓語和間接賓語。這種句型中間接賓語常常指“人”，直接賓語常常指“物”。 跟雙賓語的動詞有：

11、award, give ,offer , bring , buy, show, bring , leave , lend , pass, pay, promise , send, take , tell , get , book, fetch , find , make, order等。該句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型：(1)動詞 +賓語+ for sb.(buy , provide)。(2)動詞 +賓語+ to sb.(give , offer , show, lend)。知識點(diǎn)5五、S.+V.+O.+.(主語+謂語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語)請看下列例句并仿照劃分句子成分1. They appoint

12、ed him manager.2. They painted the door green.3. This set them thinking.4. They found the house deserted.5. What makes him think so6. We saw him out.7. He asked me to come back soon.8. I saw them getting on the bus.在英語中，有些動詞接了一個賓語后句子意思仍不完整，還需要再加上一個詞或短語放在賓語之后來補(bǔ)充說明其身份、特征、狀態(tài)或所做的動作，這種“賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)稱為復(fù)合賓語。

13、呼f型社是境之回直避匿上町圭逍左卷？一魅是mil電丕旦上處二一,一一一一一些動詞后面常跟復(fù)合賓語，這類動詞有：let , see, watch , hear, help , feel , keep, call ,make, find , tell , ask, think , want 等。歸納總結(jié)1 .只有 動詞后才會帶賓語，雙賓語是指 和 而復(fù)合賓語為的結(jié)構(gòu)2 .只有 動詞后才會帶表語，所以要牢記這些動詞，不要只記得be3 .復(fù)合賓語與雙賓語的不同之處在于： 4 .你能結(jié)合下列兩個例句分析一下哪個是復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)嗎I gave my car a wash.（提示：不能說“我的車子是一個澡&q

14、uot;my car is a wash ）I saw them getting on the bus.（提示：可以說“他們正上車"They are getting on the bus ）隨堂演練完成句子并寫出句型代碼。1 .他感到焦慮。He worried，） 2 .這孩子看起來像只猴子。The child like a monkey.（ ）5v1.0可編輯可修改3 .你必須保持健康。You must .() 4 .這種混合物味道太難嘗了。The mixture .() 5 .他變得對科學(xué)感興趣。He in science.( ) 6 .現(xiàn)在我的夢想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。Now my drea

15、m has .() 7 .昨晚他顯得十分疲倦。He last night.( ) 8 .這項(xiàng)工程持續(xù)了 4年。The project .() 9 . 一個農(nóng)民來到一個婦女家。A farmer a woman's house.( ) 10 .這種事每個晚上都發(fā)生。It.() 11 .他們正在吃早飯。They.() 12 .我希望不久收到到你的來信。I from you soon.( ) 13 .她不喜歡乘飛機(jī)旅行。She by air.( ) 14 .他們教我們漢語。They .() 15 .記者們把它們交給了編輯。Reporters the editor.( ) 16 .請把信拿給我好

16、嗎Would you please () 17 .他們打算將入口大廳涂為白色。They are going to the entrance hall .() I won't .19 .父親看見他坐在一些雞蛋上。His fatherhimon some eggs.20 .我該把他留在家中嗎Shall I him ( J簡單句、并列句及復(fù)合句學(xué)習(xí)擂臺）句子按照用途來分類種類類 型例 句陳述句白立句We love our motherland.否定句They don' t go to work on Sundays.疑問句一般疑問句Are you a workerHaven'

17、 t you seen the film特殊疑問句Who is the man When do you watch TVWhat are they doing now選擇疑問句Do you want tea or coffee Either will do.Does he learn Japanese or French He learns French.反意疑問句They are going to the airport, aren' t theyYou haven' t finished your homework, have you祈使句啟7E句Be sure to ge

18、t there at eight.否定句Don' t worry. I ' ll help you out.感嘆句what + 名詞What great changes we have had these years!What a fine day it is!how +形容詞或副詞How brave he is!How hard they are working!how +句子How time flies!How + adj. + a (an) + n.=What a(an)+adj. +nHow nice a boy (he is) !=What a nice boy (h

19、e is)!二）句子按照句子的結(jié)構(gòu)用途來分類1）簡單句：只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語（或并列謂語）的句子。He_often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.課堂練習(xí)請寫出簡單句的五種基本句型注：其他各種句子都是在簡單句的五種基本句型這一種基礎(chǔ)擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。2）并列句：由并列連詞（and, but, or 等）或分號（;）把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連 在一起構(gòu)成

20、。You help him and he helps you.The future is bright ; the road is tortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。并列句的分類由并列連詞把兩個或兩個以上的互相關(guān)連而又互相獨(dú)立的獨(dú)句（即簡單句）連在一起而構(gòu)成的句子叫并列句。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：簡單句 +并列連詞+簡單句1、聯(lián)合并列句常用并歹U詞是and, not only but also ，neither nor , then, or, either or ，otherwise 等連接。Use your head, and you ' ll find a way.Hurry up,

21、 or you'll miss the train.2、轉(zhuǎn)折并列句常用的連詞有 but/yet, however, , while/whereas（ 而），nevertheless（然而不過）,still （可是）等。The film is not perfect , still it' s good這部電影不完美，可是還不錯He wants to be a writer while I want to be a doctor.3、因果并列句表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so, for, therefore 等。I was late, so we went home.提示：在&qu

22、ot;祈使句+and/or+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)前后兩部分間為承接關(guān)系時 ，用and;前后意思 為相反關(guān)系時，用or.可將前面的祈使句轉(zhuǎn)換成由 if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，但必須將and或or 去掉.如：Hurry up, and we ' ll be there in time尸 If we hurry up, we' ll be there in time.注意：because 和 so; although, though 和 but 不能連用3）復(fù)合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。復(fù)合句包含：名詞性從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）、定語從句和狀語從句等。復(fù)合句

23、常由從屬連詞引 導(dǎo)（還有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)）The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship encouraged us allgreatly.我們女排贏得冠軍的消息大大地鼓舞了我們所有人。（同位語從句）A man who doesn't learn from others can't achieve much.一個不向別人學(xué)習(xí)的人是不能有多少成就的。（定語從句）The film had begun when we got to the cinema. （狀語從句）復(fù)合句的分類復(fù)合句包含：名詞性

24、從句（主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句）、定語從句和狀語從句等。 復(fù)合句常由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)（還有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)）這里不再多說，在以后教材中會有專 題學(xué)習(xí)補(bǔ)充知識點(diǎn)：并列連詞連接兩個或兩個以上地位平等的字、詞組或分句。從屬連詞連接兩個或兩個以上的分句，形成復(fù)雜句中的從屬分句。大致可分為三大類：1）、that（無詞義，不做成分）if , whether （表達(dá)是否的意義，但不做句子成分）2）、連接代詞： who, whom whose, what, which , whatever, whoever, whichever （有詞義，在 句子中可作主語、表語、賓語）3）、連接副詞： w

25、hen, where, why, how, how課堂練習(xí)判斷下列句子是簡單句還是并列句和復(fù)合句1. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.2. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.3. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.4. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.歸納總結(jié)J我們知道簡單句是含有一 和 的句子，凡是符合簡單句的五種基本句型的都可以判斷為簡單句如果句子可以看

26、做“簡單句+簡單句”這種整體結(jié)構(gòu)的是并列句如果句子可以看是“主句+ 從句”的或者“從屬連詞+_匚 主句”的是復(fù)合句所以，區(qū)別并列句和簡單句一般看 請結(jié)合下面的句子分析：1. Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.我在英國上了一年的中學(xué)，那是一段我非常開心、非常興奮的經(jīng)歷。2. We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me torememb

27、er all the faces and names.上某些課的時候，我們班上的同學(xué)也不一樣，所以對我來說記住所有人的長相和名字可是一 件難事。3. I found that the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這里的家庭作業(yè)不像我以前在原來學(xué)校時那么繁重。4. I did not realize schools in the UK are so different from schools in China until I read your article.判斷下列句子是簡單句、并列

28、句還是復(fù)合句：1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morningand come back home at seven in the evening課堂練習(xí)1. Train as hard as you can you'll win the swimming competition.A. then B. but C. and D. or2. （2010 全國卷 I T33） We haven' t discussed yet we are going to placeour new furniture.A. thatB. which C. whatD. where3. （2010 江蘇卷 T35）I