英語(yǔ)翻譯終極訓(xùn)練(14)-

1、I、課外練習(xí)參考譯文:器官移植醫(yī)生身手不凡。他們從一人體內(nèi)取出器官移植到另一人體內(nèi),讓幸運(yùn)的器官接受者延長(zhǎng)壽命改善生活?？上У氖?每年還有成千上萬(wàn)的人卻沒有那么幸運(yùn),他們等不及找到合適的器官就死去了。器官移植的最大制約是,每延長(zhǎng)一個(gè)人的生命一定要有另一個(gè)人的死亡,而且這個(gè)人必須年青健康其器官具有移植價(jià)值。這樣的器官供體很少,而等待移植的人數(shù)卻很多,而且越來越多。解除這種制約是每個(gè)器官移植醫(yī)生的希望。迄今為止,制作人造器官的種種努力結(jié)果不盡人意,因?yàn)樘斓亻g萬(wàn)物很難仿造。于是,人們又對(duì)設(shè)法利用動(dòng)物器官產(chǎn)生了興趣。印度的醫(yī)生剛宣布一條消息,他們把豬的心臟移植于人體已經(jīng)取得成功?？磥砣藗?cè)絹碓狡惹幸?/p>

2、增加這種異體器官的移植。歐洲和美國(guó)正在專門培育大批的豬經(jīng)遺傳工程處理后用于提供器官。1996年這一課題至少發(fā)表了兩篇重要報(bào)告,一篇在歐洲,一篇在美國(guó)。兩篇報(bào)告一致認(rèn)為異種器官移植在倫理上是可行的,并審慎地建議應(yīng)準(zhǔn)予施行。美國(guó)的食品和藥物管理局已經(jīng)公布了異種器官移植的管理原則草案。異種器官移植的倫理問題相對(duì)來說不用操心。人們?yōu)榱耸秤煤蛫蕵芬呀?jīng)在殺豬了,看來殺諸為了救人一命怎么說也更容易證明是合情合理的。然而,異種器官移植科學(xué)遠(yuǎn)非如此簡(jiǎn)單。II、英漢翻譯基本原理第五講:有哪些常用的翻譯技巧?(續(xù)(二長(zhǎng)句翻譯的操作方法:1、理順原句內(nèi)部關(guān)系,理出句中包含的各語(yǔ)義點(diǎn)【例157】The fact tha

3、t the average Englishman's home has become his workshop is partly because he is keen on working with his hands andpartly because he feels, for one reason or another that he must do forhimself many household jobs for which, some years ago, he would havehired professional help.【譯文】普通英國(guó)人的家已經(jīng)成了自家的工場(chǎng)

4、,一方面是因?yàn)樗麩嶂杂谧约簞?dòng)手干,另一方面是因?yàn)槌鲇谀撤N原因,他覺得許多家務(wù)活必須自己干,而這些活在幾年前他會(huì)雇專人來干的?！纠?58】I wondered (1how she would feel(2if she learned that the Negro(3before whom she had behaved in such an unladylike manner(4was habitually a white man(3.【譯文】我心中思襯(1,在一個(gè)黑人面前表現(xiàn)得如此有失女士風(fēng)度(4,倘若得知這個(gè)黑人其實(shí)是白人時(shí)(3,不知她作何感想(2。2、將整理出的各語(yǔ)義點(diǎn)按漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣重新排

5、列?！纠?59】American schools, both public and private, consist of 12 years of grades(1- basically 8 years of elementary school and 4 years ofsecondary or high school(2, although grades 7 and 8, or 7, 8 and 9 maybe housed together in a middle school or junior high school(3.【譯文】美國(guó)的公立學(xué)校和私立學(xué)校都是由12個(gè)年級(jí)組成的(1,基

6、本上是8年小學(xué)加4年中學(xué)(2,雖然7、8兩個(gè)年級(jí)或7、8、9三個(gè)年級(jí)有可能都在初級(jí)中學(xué)里就讀(3?！纠?60】It would take me an entire book to list(1all of the people I have known in my life who spent the majority of their lives as single people(2,but who were the undisputed focus of a large group of friends(3-usually serving as problem-solvers, and w

7、idely respected and loved(4. 【譯文】我畢生認(rèn)識(shí)了許多人,他們一生中大部分時(shí)間都是單身(2,但在朋友群中卻無(wú)可非議地是個(gè)核心人物(3。他們經(jīng)常幫人解決問題,廣受尊敬,廣受愛戴(4。要把這些人的姓名一一列出的話,恐怕要寫一本書(1?！纠?61】Its beginning obscured by unemployment caused by the world economic slowdown(1, the new technological unemployment(2mayemerge as the great socio-economic challenge o

8、f the end of the 20thcentury(3.【譯文】新技術(shù)出現(xiàn)帶來的失業(yè)問題(2,盡管起初被全球性經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退所引起的失業(yè)現(xiàn)象所掩蓋(1,但有可能成為20世紀(jì)末社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的重大難題(3?！纠?62】He had flown in just the day before from Georgia,(1where he had spent his vacation(2basking in the sun(3after the completion of theconstruction job(4he had been engaged in in the South(5.【譯文】他本來在

9、南方從事一項(xiàng)建筑工程(5,任務(wù)完成之后(4,他就上佐治亞去度假(2,享受著陽(yáng)光(3,前天才坐飛機(jī)回來(1?！纠?63】When the "energy crisis" first came in 1973 - 1974(1, I was living with my family in a cabin on the edge of an area(2where deer spend thewinter(3in northern Minnesota(2, observing the deer as their behaviorchanged from more activit

10、y in summer and fall to less as winterprogressed(4, followed by an increase again in the spring as the snowmelted(5.【譯文】1973-1974年間第一次出現(xiàn)“能源危機(jī)”的時(shí)候(1,我正和家人住在明尼蘇達(dá)北部一處鹿群過冬的邊緣地帶。我們住在一個(gè)小屋里(2(3,觀察鹿的生活習(xí)性,觀察它們?nèi)绾坞S著冬季來臨從夏秋的活動(dòng)頻繁變得少動(dòng)的(4,而到春暖雪融時(shí),它們的活動(dòng)又是如何增加起來的(5。3、依照重新排列的語(yǔ)義點(diǎn)順序用漢語(yǔ)逐點(diǎn)表達(dá)【例164】Now there is in America

11、a curious combination(1of pride in having risen to a position where it is no longer necessary to depend on manuallabor for a living(2and genuine delight in what one is able to accomplishwith one's own hands(3.【譯文】現(xiàn)在美國(guó)有一個(gè)奇怪的現(xiàn)象:人們一方面為地位上升不再需要靠體力勞動(dòng)謀生而感到自豪,另一方面又對(duì)能夠親自動(dòng)手做事而由衷地感到高興?！纠?65】One of the mos

12、t heartwarming aspects(1of people who are born with a facial disfigurement(2, whether minor or major(3, is the numberof them(1who do not allow it to upset their lives(4, even reachingout to help others with the same problem(5.【譯文】有些人生來面部就有殘缺(2,殘缺有大有小(3,但令人欣慰的是這些人中很多人(1并沒有因此而生活得不愉快(4,相反,他們倒去主動(dòng)幫助其他有同樣

13、問題的人(5?！纠?66】Students in these state schools, however, as well as those in private colleges, must pay tuition(1, but the state schools are much lessexpensive than private ones(2, particularly for students who are residentsof the state(3.【譯文】但是,這些州立學(xué)校的學(xué)生以及私立學(xué)院的學(xué)生都須繳納學(xué)費(fèi)(1,不過州立學(xué)校的學(xué)費(fèi)比私立學(xué)校的學(xué)費(fèi)便宜得多(2,對(duì)常住本州

14、的學(xué)生來說尤為便宜(3?！纠?67】From the corner of my eye, I saw Phil, pale, slack-jawed, eyes wide with amazement and adoration combined. We listened to Jenny finish thesonnet, which was in its way a kind of prayer.【譯文】我從眼角里瞅見菲爾,他臉色蒼白,半張著嘴,眼睛瞪得大大的,又是驚訝又是崇敬。我們聽著詹尼念完詩(shī),那簡(jiǎn)直就是一篇極有特色的祈禱詞?！纠?68】They went in to dinner.

15、It was excellent, and the wine was good. Its influence presently had its effect on them. They talked not only withoutacrimony, but even with friendliness.【譯文】他們走進(jìn)餐廳去吃飯。美酒加佳肴。喝著酒,吃著菜,氣氛頓時(shí)起了變化。不僅沒有惡言相向,言語(yǔ)間還十分投機(jī)。III、課堂練習(xí)(運(yùn)用各種翻譯技巧,將下列句子譯成流暢通順的漢語(yǔ):1.I hope that the meeting will not be too long, for it wil

16、l only waste time.2.In a nation too young to have mythic heroes, men and women must substitute.3.If you are retired, if you are a housewife, if you have what others might considera humble job - whatever it is that you do most of the day - be proud of it.4.Rushing throngs, blinded by the darkness and

17、 the smoke, rushed up on a streetand down the next, trampling the fallen in a crazy fruitless dash toward safely. 5.In order to retain Chinese managers, joint ventures also must devise humanresource policies that are sensitive to the ways in which Chinese employees differ from those in the West.6.En

18、gels spoke with the authority and confidence, born of forty years' closestfriendship and intellectual intimacy, during which he had grasped, as no other man had, the full significance of Marx's teachings.7.I take heart from the fact that, the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy thestrateg

19、ic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.8.If you're stuck with someone and feeling tongue-tied, console yourself byremembering that the other person may be feeling as agonized as you. Summon up a

20、 burst of energy, and find something on which to compliment him or her.IV、課堂練習(xí)參考譯文:1.我希望這次會(huì)議不要開得太久,那樣會(huì)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。2.這樣一個(gè)年青的民族不可能有神話中的英雄,于是必然有真實(shí)的男女人物來取而代之。3.你已經(jīng)退休也好,你是家庭婦女也好,或者你干的工作別人瞧不起也好-不管你整天在干什么,都要因此而自豪。4.人群在黑暗和濃煙中盲目狂奔,穿街過巷,踩著倒在地上的身軀,驚惶失措地往安全的地方?jīng)_去,結(jié)果卻是徒勞。5.為了留住中國(guó)本地管理人員,合資企業(yè)還必須制定適應(yīng)中國(guó)雇員與西方雇員之間種種差異的人力資源政策。

21、6.四十年最親密的友誼和思想契合賦予了恩格斯說這番話的資格和信心。經(jīng)過這四十年,他對(duì)馬克思學(xué)說意義的了解比任何人都徹底。8.敵人吹噓能在幾小時(shí)內(nèi)占領(lǐng)戰(zhàn)略要地,由于遭到了頑強(qiáng)的抵抗,甚至連外圍地帶也沒有占領(lǐng),這讓我增強(qiáng)了信心。9.倘若和別人無(wú)言以對(duì)面面相覷時(shí),無(wú)須煩惱,切記對(duì)方或許跟你一樣心里感到不好受。你要打起精神來,找些好聽的話向?qū)Ψ秸f說。V、課外練習(xí)(將以下短文譯成漢語(yǔ),注意運(yùn)用各種翻譯技巧時(shí)譯文流暢通順:Watching them hop on the presidential merry-go-round again makes you wonder what makes them r

22、un. After all, they didn't have a very merry ride the last time - but the older they get, the harder they try.One explanation is that presidential ambition is an addiction as powerful as sex or booze. Once they have gone through all those howling halls, with their banners and adoring supporters

23、- their pictures on the front page and on the evening TV news - they dream about it in the night.Memory, as time goes on, is a selective thing. Somehow they forget all the agony - the demeaning scramble for money, the vicious charges of their opponents, the unfeeling and often frivolous criticism of

24、 the press, and the endless plane and bus rides, the stumbling into bed and wondering how they can get through it all again next day.What they remember is not the final thump of defeat, but the might-have-beens, the fleeting glory and the accidents of politics.Many run for the presidency who shouldn

25、't, and many others don't run who should. What they do or don't do usually depends on events beyond their control. But there are probably other reasons why they run or don't run, one of which is that sometimes they listen to their wives. Even in these days, when divorce is so easy and family ties are supposed to be weak, it would probably be a mistake to underestimate the influence of families on presidential politics. Many qualified and attractive candidates don't come forward simply because they put their private lives ahead of their ambit