高中英語英語語法——代詞講解、練習(xí)附答案

1、代詞()Part 1 人稱代詞人稱代詞是表示”我”、”你”、他”、她”、它、”我們”、”你們”、他們”的詞。是表示自身或人稱的代詞。1 人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化，見下表：單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem中文我你他她它我們你們他/她/它們2 人稱代詞的用法(1)人稱代詞在句中可以用作主語(用主格)和賓語(用賓格)：He loves her, but she hates him.(2)人稱代詞用于 as, than 之后時，可用賓格：“Who is it?” It s me” He gets up earlier than m

2、e. He speaks English as well as her.但是，若 than, as 后的人稱代詞后跟由動詞，則必須用主格：He gets up earlier than I do.(3)單獨(dú)使用的人稱代詞通常用賓格： me too.3 人稱代詞的排列順序(1)單數(shù)人稱代詞通常按二三一”排列，即you, he and I：You, he and I are all middle school stude nts.(2)復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞通常按一二三”排列，即we, you and they:We, you and they will all go there.(3)但若用于承擔(dān)責(zé)任或錯

3、誤等場合，則可把第一人稱I 置于其他人稱代詞之前：I and Tom are to blame.Part 2 物主代詞表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫做物主代詞。1 物主代詞可分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種。列表如下:單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性mi neyourhishersitsoursyourstheirs中文我的你的他的她的它的我們的你們的他/她/它們的2 物主代詞的用法(1)形容詞物主代詞在句中作定語：I love my cou ntry. Is this your car?(2)名詞性的物主代詞可用作主語，賓語，表語以及與of連接：Li

4、 Huas bike is red, and yours is gree n.These books are ours.That car is mine, not yours. Yesterday I met a friend of mine in the street.Part 3 反身代詞表示我自己，你自己 他自己，我們自己，你們自己，他們自己等的詞叫做反身代詞。1 反身代詞第一，二人稱構(gòu)成是由形容詞性物主代詞加-self (復(fù)數(shù)加-selves )構(gòu)成。第三人稱反身代詞是由人稱代詞賓格形式加-self (復(fù)數(shù)加-selves )構(gòu)成。代詞()第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱第三人稱第三人稱單數(shù)m

5、yselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself復(fù)數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesthemselvesthemselves2 反身代詞的用法反身代詞在句中主要作賓語和同位語，用作同位語時表示強(qiáng)調(diào)”本人，自己”：He taught himself En glish.The child himself drew this picture.Part 4 指示代詞指示代詞是表示指示概念的代詞，即用來指示或標(biāo)識人或事物的代詞。主要的有this, that, these, those,其中 this 和that 為單數(shù)，these 和 those 為復(fù)數(shù)。指示

6、代詞在句中可作主語、賓語、表語、定語。指示代詞的用法：1 this 和 that 的用法兩者的基本區(qū)別是 this 表近指，that 表遠(yuǎn)指。另外，當(dāng)要回指上文提到的事情時，可用this 或 that，但是若要指下文敘述的事情，通常要用this:She married Jim, and this/that surprised me.1 want to know this-Dose he love her?2 that 和 those 的用法that 和 those 常常用來代替已提到過的名詞，以避免重復(fù)。The populati on of China is larger tha n that

7、 of Japa n.The ears of a rabbit are Ion ger tha n those of a fox.Part 5 相互代詞相互代詞是表示相互關(guān)系的代詞，主要有 each other, one an other,均表示相互”、彼此”。指示代詞通常在句中作 賓語與定語，不可作主語。1 each other 主要用于兩者之間，one ano ther 主要用于三者或三者以上。但在現(xiàn)代英語中each other 也可指三者或三者以上：They love each other. The three wome n looked at each other/one ano th

8、er.2 相互代詞的所有格相互代詞的所有格在后面一個詞加詞尾-s:We didn t know each other s names. They often stay in one another s house.代詞（二）Part 6 疑問代詞1.疑問代詞的概念與形式用來表達(dá)疑問或構(gòu)成疑問句的代詞叫疑問代詞。主要的疑問代詞及其功能如下表所示：語法功能形式主語賓 語表語疋語可跟 of 短 語指人主格whoVV賓格whomVV所有格whoseVVVV指物主格which（可指人）VVVV賓格whatVVVVwho, whom 與 whosewho 的意義為“誰”，既可以做單數(shù)，也可以指復(fù)數(shù)。在句中

9、主要做主語和賓語。whom 是 who 的賓格，在句中主要做動詞賓語和介詞賓語，做動詞賓語時 whom 可與 who 互換使用，但作介詞賓語時只能用 whom; whose 是 who 的所有格形式，意為“誰的”：Who said that ? Whom are you waiting for?Whom/Who have you chosen to take part in the sports meet? I don t know whose it is.what 與 whichwhich 和 what 都指物。 which 意為“哪一個，哪一些”適用選擇范圍較小或明確的場合； what 意

10、為“什么” ，用 于選擇范文較大或不明確的場合。如指人，其后接名詞時只用which 和 what，不用 who：Which color do you like, black or white? What color do you like?Which/What writers do you like?Part 7 不定代詞1. 不指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫不定代詞。英語中的不定代詞有：all, every, each one, none, no, both, either, neither, little, a little, few, a few, some, any, many, muc

11、h, other, another 以及由 some,any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞。2. 復(fù)合不定代詞There is somebody who wants to speak to you.I havent seen anybody around here that I can turn to for help.(2) 由 -one 和 -body 構(gòu)成的不定代詞可以互換使用,知識前者較文雅： Someone/Somebody seems to have been here.(3) 復(fù)合不定代詞受定語修飾時,定語應(yīng)放在它們后面：Tell us something inter

12、esting.(4) 復(fù)合不定代詞若用作主語,其謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)：Everyone knows this. Everything is ready.(5) no one 與 none 的區(qū)另 Uno one 常指代人，只能為可數(shù)；而none 可指代人或物，可數(shù)、不可數(shù)皆可。no one 回答who”，none 回答howmany/much ” , none 可與 of 結(jié)構(gòu)連用：No one in our class failed the math exam.None of them believed his story. How many of you have been to the U

13、SA? None3.both , either 與 neither 的用法(1) both 意思是兩者都, either 意思是兩者中的任何一個”，neither 意思是兩者都不，具體見下表:指人指人指物everyoneeverybodyeverythingsomeonesomebodysomethinganyoneanybodyanythingon onenobodynothing復(fù)合不定代詞是由(1) some- 類復(fù)合不定代詞主要用于肯定句中,every，some,any- 類不定代詞主要用于否定句、疑問句或條件句：(2) either 在否定句中可表示“也”的意思：He wont go

14、 and I wont go either.(3) either or 不是.就是.;neither nor 既不 也不.:Either you or I am going there tomorrow.Neither dad nor mum is at home today.4.every 禾口 each兩者均可表示每一個”，every 側(cè)重從總體上考慮，而each 側(cè)重從隔日方面考慮。(1) each 既可單獨(dú)使用，也可后接名詞，還可后接of 短語；而 every 后必須接名詞，既不能單獨(dú)使用，of 短語：Each is good. Each of the stude nts has se

15、e n it.(2) each 指兩者或兩者以上的每個”，every 指三者或三者以上的每個”：There are trees on each side of the road.(3) every 可受 almost, nearly 等副詞的修飾，但 each 不能：Almost every stude nt has read the book.5.other, the other, another 與 others 的區(qū)另 U 用法(1) 指單數(shù)時。若泛指用another,若特指用 the other(后接單數(shù)名詞)：Give me ano ther one.Shut the other e

16、ye, please.(2) 指復(fù)數(shù)時，若泛指用other(后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞)，若特這用 the other(后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞)：There are other ways of doing it? Where are the other stude nts?(3) others 永遠(yuǎn)表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，且其后不能再接名詞。其意義大致為other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”，同樣地，the others 大致意義為the other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”：Other people/Others may not thi nk that way.He is cleverer tha n the others/the other stude

17、 nts.(4) an other 般只能表單數(shù)，且其后接名詞時也只能接單數(shù)名詞。但是其后若有數(shù)次或few 修飾時，則可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞：I shall stay ano ther few mon ths.(5) 與 some 對比使用時，用 others：Some say yes, and others say no.Practice1能詞義讎語，與吐 連用或獨(dú)立便用 時作賓番，與Of 連用或獨(dú)立使用時作定吾修飾作同位涪時both 兩者都謂涪動詞用復(fù)數(shù)枚在動詞或介詞后復(fù)數(shù)名詞赦在磁或 a 前，系動詞 bes 情態(tài)動詞、助動 詞后either 兩者1中任何一個謂語動詞一殷用單數(shù)戰(zhàn)在動詞或介詞后單數(shù)名

18、詞少用neither 兩者都 不 謂語動詞一殷用單數(shù)啟在動詞或介詞后單魏茗詞少用Bothof mypare ntsaredoctors.Neitherof mypare ntsknowsEnglish.of the two roomswould you like,sir? Neither.也不能后接Which一完成下列表格：Iyoutheymehimherusmyitsmi neyoursitstheirs二根據(jù)提示填空：I_ （我）am a teacher. 2_他） ofte n plays basketball after school.3 This is_ （我的）book. That

19、 is_.（他的）4 Please pass_ 我們）the ball.5 This is not my shirt. It s ） 6 My.rUler is 她的 g._ （你的）is short.7 _ （我們）buy a pair of shoes for_ （她）.8 _ （他們的）teacher is good._ 你們的）is good too.9 Our chair is better tha n_（ they）. 10 I will give the prese nts to_（they）.IIThese books are_ （I）, and those are_ （you

20、）.12_ like_ car.我喜歡他們的小汽車。13 Who is there? It s 是誰?。渴俏?。14 _ are Chi nese. 我們是中國人。15 I want to buy some balloo ns for_ .我想買些氣球送給他。三單選1 He is cleverer tha n_. He can do it better tha n_do.A. me, me B. I, me C. me, I D. I, mine2 Look, the chair has lost one of_legs.A. hisB. herC. itsD. it s3 Lily was 9

21、 years old._ was old eno ugh to go to school_.A. She, she B. She, herself C. Her, herself D. Her, she4 I want to finish it_won t ask for help.A. yourself B. myself C. ourselves D. ourselves5 Jim s watch is much newer than_.A. hers B. sheC. her D. herself6 -Who taught you En glish last year?-Nobody t

22、aught me . I taught_ .A. youB. myself C. herD. me7She is a stude nt,_n ame is Julia.A. itsB. her C. hersD. his8. She gave the erasers to Lucy and_.A. I B. me C. my D. mine9. Thats not_ , it is_. I made it_ .A. ours, mine, myselfB. your, mine, myselfC. yours, her, myselfD. yours, my, myself10 We boug

23、ht_a present, but_ didn t like it.A. they, them B. them, they C. themselves , their D. theirs, theyPractice2一用適當(dāng)疑問代詞填空：1._is your math teacher? 2._ subject is he talking?3. _ went to see the headmaster of the school yesterday?4. For_did he buy a ticket? 5._ do you prefer, rice or bread?二 把下列句子譯成英語 :

24、1. 這是誰的自行車？ 2. 哪一支鉛筆是你的，藍(lán)的還是紅的？ 3. 你在給誰寫信？ Practice31. Please tell _ about it if _ doesn t know.A. her; herself B. she; she C. her; she D. hers; her2. Is there _ in today s newspaper?A. something importantB. important anythingC. anything importantD. important everything3. Do you know _ dictionary it

25、 is?A. which B. who C. whose D. whom4. I ve two friends. _ of them are at school.A. Both B. Neither C. Each D. All5. We ve lost all our money. _ shall we do?A. How B. What C. Where D. Why6. The fish is delicious. Try and eat _.A. few B. a few C. littleD. a little7. _ do you prefer, milk or orange juice? I dont like _ . I usually drink coffee.A. How; either B. What; neitherC. Which; neither D. Why; either8. Of the three foreigners, one is from London, _ are from the USA.A. the two others B. the other two C. another two D. the both9._ the twins enjoyed _ at the party yest