教案非謂語動詞作定語

1、非謂語動詞作定語適用學(xué)科英語適用年級高二知識點不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作定語修飾名詞教學(xué)目標 知識與技能：1、掌握各種形式的意義2、了解非謂語動詞在英語中的重要性過程與方法：培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對非謂語動詞的理解，以及適當(dāng)應(yīng)用教學(xué)重點To do, to be done, doing, being done, done作定語教學(xué)難點理解to be done, doing, being done, done作定語時的含義以及運用教學(xué)過程1、 復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動詞作狀語的基礎(chǔ)知識，特別是分詞作狀語時的用法，預(yù)習(xí)用非謂語動詞作定語來達到定語從句的效果。2、 知識講解考點1 不定式作定語1) 形式： to do

2、 To be done 2) 不定式to do在句中作定語置于被修飾名詞后，常同該名詞構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，要是不定式是不及物動詞，其后應(yīng)加上必要的介詞。例：I have something to say. (to say something )Ill give you a magazine to read.That is a good company to work for.He is a pleasant fellow to work with.Would you bring me a bench to sit on?3) 有些名詞常接不定式作定語，如：chance ,time ,reason ,

3、way ,effort ,right (權(quán)利)，movement等You havent any reason to leave me.You have no right to do such a thing.He succeeded in his effort to overcome his fatal weakness.He put himself out of the way to help others.We have no time to lose.Thank you for giving me the chance to make the speech.4) The first ,t

4、he last ,the second ,the best 等常與不定式連用作定語。He is always the first to come.She would be the last to agree to our plan.You are the second to ask me that question.Ill do my poor best to fix it up.當(dāng)to go ,to spare 作“剩下”講時可作定語。例：He had five minutes to go before time was up.They had only 100 dollars to spa

5、re.5) 不定式用在某些句子中作定語相當(dāng)于一個定語從句，表示動作即將發(fā)生。There are many difficulties to overcome.= There are many difficulties that will have to be overcome.He has a large family to support.= He has a large family that he must support.考點2 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語1) 形式Doing 主動進行(前后都可以)Being done 被動進行（只能放到后面做后置定語）The building being buil

6、t will be the third Teaching Building of our school. The matter being discussed ( which is being discussed ) is of great importance.2) 作定語的單詞或者分詞短語可以擴展為定語從句。The sleeping child The child who is sleeping.Falling leaves The leaves which are fallingThe pen lying on the table belongs to you.The pen

7、which is lying on the table belongs to you.The boy making faces is my son. The boy who is making faces is my son.The house being painted is mine.The house which is being built is mine.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語表示一個（現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚┱谶M行的動作，或者表示某經(jīng)常性動或狀態(tài)。Can you see the star moving in the sky?There is a piano standing in the

8、corner.如果分詞所表示的動作在時間上同謂語動詞所表示的動作不一致，不能使用現(xiàn)在分詞，而應(yīng)使用定語從句。I want to know the man breaking the window. (X)Break 的動作是先發(fā)生上例不能用現(xiàn)在分詞，應(yīng)改為定語從句。如：.who broke the window.因此我們就知道在那種情況下定語從句可以用現(xiàn)在分詞代替，即：定語從句動詞所表示的時間同主句謂語動詞的時間一致時。Did you see the man (who was) talking to the headmaster?The hospital which stands /standi

9、ng across the street was set up last year.(stands 表示一個經(jīng)常性的狀態(tài))3) 位置1 動名詞單個詞作定語時也置于被修飾詞前，表示被修飾詞的用途、類屬等。a writing table = a table for writing   (動名詞)a swimming pool = a pool for swimming （動名詞）a waiting room = a room for waiting （動名詞）drinking water = water for drinking （動名詞）No one is allowed t

10、o speak aloud in the reading room. （動名詞）That is a shop dealing in walking stick. （動名詞）a sleeping child = a child who is sleeping （現(xiàn)在分詞）The sleeping child was in a sound sleep. （現(xiàn)在分詞）All bedrooms in this hotel have hot cold running water. (現(xiàn)在分詞)從上述看，單個動名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞都可以作前置定語，但現(xiàn)在分詞和被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系，表示被修飾名詞自身發(fā)

11、生的動作或行為，而動名詞和被修飾的名詞不表示這種關(guān)系，只表示與被修飾名詞的用途、類屬等。動名詞作介詞賓語構(gòu)成的介詞短語可定語。例：He is in the habit of rising early.( of rising 修飾名詞habit )She has a good idea of playing snowball.( of playing 修飾名詞idea )有些名詞有時也可接不定式和其接“介詞動名詞”在意義上沒有區(qū)別。例：That is the way of setting the problem.That is the way to settle the problem.這類名詞

12、常用的有：time for doing sth.                   Reason of doing sth.Time to do sth.                     Reason to d

13、o sth.Freedom in doing sth.                Chance of doing sth.Freedom to do sth.                   Chance to do sth.Failure in doing s

14、th.                  Patience in doing sthFailure to do sth.                     Patience to do sth.Choice of doing

15、 sth.                 Opportunity of doing sth.Choice to do sth.                    Opportunity to do sth.但有些名詞和purpose ,meth

16、od ,idea ,habit 等后面只能接of + 動名詞，不接不定式，有些名詞如promise ,effort ,desire ,attempt ,ability ,refusal ,determination ,failure 不接of + 動名詞，但可以接不定式。例：It is surprising that they should choose this method of passing the evening. (不用method to pass)The old man is in the habit of reading the newspaper at breakfast.&

17、#160; (不用habit to do )dont trust his promise to come for a visit.  （不用promise of coming ）She had persisted in her refusal to spend Christmas in Bursley . （不用refusal of spending）But his efforts to get her back were vain. (不用efforts of getting)2 有些單個分詞（尤其是現(xiàn)在分詞）作定語時也可以置于被修飾詞之后，特別如一些不定3 代詞anything

18、,something ,everything ,nothing 等則應(yīng)后置。例：the experience gained (獲得的經(jīng)驗)for the time being (暫時)for years running ( 一連數(shù)年)She found the window open and something stolen. There is nothing doing.There is nothing interesting in todays paper.They can see everything happening on the line.Is there anything int

19、eresting in the book?4 分詞短語置于被修飾詞之后The pen lying on the table belongs to you.The boy making faces is my son.I like songs performed by Mao Aming.考點3 -ed分詞作定語1) 形式Done被動完成，或者被動有時過去分詞則表示被動，不表示完成的動作，有時則表示動作的完成，不表示被動的動作。the fallen leaves  (動作已完成)developed countries  (動作已完成)an interested party&#

20、160; (被動)Is this the book written ( which was written) by Henry James?He was then a teacher respected ( who was respected ) by all his students.2) 和現(xiàn)在分詞一樣，單個單詞作定語一般放在名詞之前，短語作定語轉(zhuǎn)化成定語從句放在名詞之后，后置定語。而且可以轉(zhuǎn)話成定語從句Do you know anyone lost money？Do you know anyone having lost money. (X)Do you know anyone who

21、lost money. (V)注意：像定語從句一樣，分詞作定語也有非限制性的，其作用相當(dāng)于一個非限制性定語從句。 The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground. The substance, discovered almost by accident,has greatly changed the world. 3、 例題精析【例題1】【題干】-What do you think of the middle school?   

22、0;    -It is a very good _.A. school to study    B. School to study in    C. Studying school    D. school for children to study 【答案】：B【解析】：從本題的答案看并結(jié)合提干的要求接上一個名詞school，后在這個名詞后面使用不定式作該名詞的定語，從答案中看給的不定式to study，在此是作不及物動詞，因此不定式的后面應(yīng)加上一個介詞in才合乎題意，

23、所以選B。2. Snow was falling when they went along a mountain path _ to the front.A. to lead   B. Led   C. Leading    D. being led【答案】：C【解析】：據(jù)題意提干前有一個名詞path，其后是介詞組to the front ，即要求一個現(xiàn)在分詞和to the front連成現(xiàn)在分詞短語修飾名詞path作定語，path名詞雖表示物不能使用過去分詞，是小路本身延伸到前線的，所以選C。3. They set up

24、an _ table in a small temple to operate on the _ soldiers.A. operating ;wounded   B. Operated ;wounding   C. operated ;/wounded    D. operating ;wounding【答案】：A【解析】：據(jù)題意在第一個提干里應(yīng)使用動名詞作tale的名詞的定語，修飾table，說明戰(zhàn)士是被槍擊傷的即受傷的士兵，表被動完成的動作，所以選A。(北京2000, 單項填空)The picture _ on the

25、 wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 【答案】：B 【解析】：根據(jù)題干判斷，句中需要一個既作定語又表狀態(tài)的非謂語動詞，所以選B。 5.（NMET97，單項填空）The Olympic Games,_in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to

26、 be first playing 【答案】：C 【解析】：此題考查分詞作非限制性定語的用法，有被動意義，動作已完成，所以選C。 四. 課堂應(yīng)用【基礎(chǔ)】1. The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house.rose B. rising C. to riseD. RisenLook over there theres a very long, winding path _ up to the house.leadingB.leadsC.ledD. to leadRecently a survey _ prices

27、 of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.Compared B. comparing C. compares D. being compared答案和解析1. B，smoke 和rise 為主動，進行，他看見煙正在從后面的房子冒出來。2. A，首先判斷后面的是作為后置定語修飾前面的path，表達的是一種狀態(tài)。3. B，首先可以排除A和D，因為不是被動關(guān)系，C是動詞的單數(shù)，不可以作為后置定語修飾前面的名詞?！眷柟獭?. Tsinghua University,

28、_ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.（find）2. The ability _ an idea is as important as the idea itself.（express）3. The island, _ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.（join）答案和解析：1. C，相當(dāng)于一個非限制性定語從句，等于which is found, 用found 表示已經(jīng)完成和被動。2. C， ability是抽象名詞，有些名詞常接不定式作定語，如：ch

29、ance ,time ,reason ,way ,effort ,right (權(quán)利)，movement等也是用動詞不定式后置修飾前面的名詞。3. C，joined 表示被動關(guān)系?！景胃摺?. I have a lot of readings completed before the end of this term. 2. Im calling to enquire about the position having advertised in yesterdays China Daily.3. The traffic rule says young children under the a

30、ge of four and weighed less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. 答案和解析：completed 改為to complete , 不定式做后置定語修飾，表示將來要做的。having advertised 改為advertised ，用過去分詞表示被動，現(xiàn)在完成時一般不會做后置定語。Weighed 改為weighing，因為改為定語從句就可以知道是主動，不是被動。課堂小結(jié)這節(jié)課主要講解了非謂語的五種形式做后置定語修飾名詞，注意過去分詞可以是被動或者是完成。Doing 是主動進行，being done 是被動的進行

31、，to do是將來主動，to be done是將來的被動。課后作業(yè)【基礎(chǔ)】1. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one _ first is the library.Repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired2. A great number of students _ said they were forced to practice the piano.To question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning3. Now that weve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions_?Taking B. take C. ta