寫作微技能之概要寫作

1、寫作微技能之概要寫作把最易失去的分撿起來v學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：v1. 了解概要寫作的要求v2. 學(xué)會(huì)使用把握大意和分析結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行概要寫作。v考試說明（2015年版）解讀：v概要寫作。v提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文，要求考生基于該短文寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。閱讀時(shí)將主要考慮以下內(nèi)容：v（1）對(duì)原文要點(diǎn)的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況；v （2）應(yīng)用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性；v （3）上下文的連貫性；v （4）對(duì)各要點(diǎn)表達(dá)的獨(dú)立性情況v評(píng)分原則v1. 總分25分，按5個(gè)檔次給分。（21-25.)v2. 評(píng)分時(shí)，先根據(jù)所寫概要的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔的要求來衡量、確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。v3. 詞數(shù)少于4

2、0的和多余80的，從總分中減去2分。v4. 評(píng)分時(shí)，應(yīng)注意從以下四個(gè)方面考慮：v（1）對(duì)原文要點(diǎn)的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況；v （2）應(yīng)用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性；v （3）上下文的連貫性；v （4）對(duì)各要點(diǎn)表達(dá)的獨(dú)立性情況v5. 拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是語言準(zhǔn)確性的一個(gè)重要方面，評(píng)分時(shí)，應(yīng)視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予以考慮。v6.如書寫較差以致影響交際，可將分?jǐn)?shù)減低一個(gè)檔次。v我對(duì)概要寫作的理解：v1. 主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主旨大意的慨括能力和對(duì)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力。是基于閱讀理解的書面表達(dá)，是閱讀與寫作的完美結(jié)合。v2. 概要寫作就是對(duì)所讀的文章寫出中心思想。要把文章的具體信息用一些具有概括功能的詞和句表述出來，而

3、不是抄襲文章的原句。舉例說明：寫出中心思想。要把文章的具體信息用一些具有概括功能的詞和句表述出來，而不是抄襲文章的原句。vShe brought home several Chinese and English novels, a few copies of Time and Newsweek and some textbooks. She intended to read all of them during the winter vacation.v概括為：概括為：She brought home a lot of books to read during the winter vacat

4、ion.v常用的概要寫作的技巧v1. 把握全文大意v2. 分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)v3. 使用主題句v4. 提煉關(guān)鍵詞v5. 選取重要層面v6. 合并分層意思v7. 轉(zhuǎn)換視角v8. 省略細(xì)節(jié)v9. 減少例子v10. 簡(jiǎn)化描寫v11. 避免細(xì)節(jié)v12. 主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)適時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)換v13. 根據(jù)需要使用并列句或復(fù)合句v14. 句子變短語v15. 短語變?yōu)樵~匯v16. 多用概括性詞匯，少用具體的描述性詞匯v17. 使用連接詞過渡v18. 改變單詞詞性v19. 三步法概括議論文v20. 要素串聯(lián)法概括記敘文v21. 用概括性文字概括說明文v概要寫作第一招v學(xué)會(huì)概要寫作就是要把握全文大意 微技能訓(xùn)練 （用一句話概括全文）v

5、 1. What is your favorite restaurant? Mine is Fridays, of course! At Fridays I can order any kind of Western food I like, such as hamburger, salad, French fries, steak , and all kinds of sandwiches. The waiters and waitresses wore funny and interesting clothes, too, and they were working always with

6、 smile. Although Fridays is not as cheap as McDonalds, it is not expensive, either.vWith its good food, great service and reasonable price, Fridays is my favorite restaurant.v2. My father asked me to help him paint our new apartment yesterday morning. At first I wanted to watch TV or go out with my

7、friends. After thinking about it, though, I realized that I should help around our house ,too. Besides, my father often does a lot of things for me. We worked together all morning and afternoon. By dinner time I was tired and hungry, but I felt good. We finished the painting, and the house looked an

8、d smelled new. Playing around is not the only way to feel good.vThe writer worked very hard yesterday, but he felt really good at the end of that long day.v3. You may think that the ring has a diamond in it, but it doesnt. You may think that the ring is made of gold, but it isnt. You may think that

9、the ring was very expensive, but my boy friend made it with love. That is why it was my favorite gift.vMy favorite gift is a ring from my boyfriend with love.v4. My parents and teachers always told me not to smoke, but I wanted to try it. My best friend David smokes, and one day he gave me a cigaret

10、te. “Here, try this.” he said, “Youll like it.” At first I put the wrong end of the cigarette into my mouth, but David showed me how to do it right. Then he lit it. Oh, my God! I coughed for almost an hour, and then I threw up.vSmoking is bad for our health.鞏固訓(xùn)練v My husband received a letter from a

11、young woman who had been his student when she was in middle school. She was writing because she wanted to thank him for having a great influence on her life.v In the letter she wrote, “You were the teacher who helped me discover my talent for math. I had been terribly poor at math, and had never tho

12、ught I would be interested in it. Thanks to your encouragement, I made continuous progress in math, and today I am working as a math professor in California College.”v What a wonderful gift to a retired teacher! My husband has received many letters. This one was special. v點(diǎn)撥：點(diǎn)撥：v1. 誰做了什么？（誰做了什么？（Who

13、 did what?)v.my husband received a letter from a young womanv.she wanted to thank him for his encouragementv2. 結(jié)果怎么樣？（結(jié)果怎么樣？（What was the result?)v.a wonderful gift to a retired teacherv3. 文章揭示了什么，說明了什么道理？文章揭示了什么，說明了什么道理？v(What was the meaning?) v.a good teacher might have great effect on his studen

14、tsv概要?dú)w納：概要?dú)w納：vThe story tells us that a former student wrote to the authors husband a thankful letter, which meant a lot to him. From the letter, the writer learnt that a good teacher might have a great effect on his students. v概要寫作第二招v學(xué)會(huì)概要?dú)w納就是要分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)v A typical Chinese family in the past was quite

15、large .Most Chinese families consisted of three generations who shared the same roof.v But now the Chinese family has changed a great deal. The traditional large families are gradually disappearing and instead, with the housing reform and due to the family planning, one-child family with only the pa

16、rents and a child is quite common in todays society.v With the change of the family structure, however, a few disadvantages have arisen. A spoiled “l(fā)ittle emperor” is found everywhere. Besides, who will take care of the old? v點(diǎn)撥：v 本文講了三層意思。v第一層：v過去典型中國(guó)家庭模式（a typical Chinese family in the past)。v第二層：

17、v現(xiàn)代家庭模式的變化形式（The changing form of the modern Chinese family).v第三層：v家庭結(jié)構(gòu)變化所帶來的不利之處（The disadvantages of the change of the Chinese family)v As time goes by, the structure of the Chinese family is changing. A typical Chinese family was quite large, but now it has changed into a smaller one, which has b

18、rought many disadvantages to our society.9+1高中聯(lián)盟期中考概要寫作v結(jié)構(gòu)分析：v1. Where do all these rivalries come from?v（競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的來源，抓住some. Others.)v2. Rivalries vary among different sports.v(不同的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)帶來不同程度的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）v3. Do the rivalries do good or harm to the athletes?v (競(jìng)爭(zhēng)會(huì)更有可能給運(yùn)動(dòng)員帶來傷害）課文概要寫作范例v I visited Futuroscope last we

19、ek and experienced various activites. Futuroscope, a space-age park in France, was opened in 1987. Everything here is developed by using advanced technology. Besides, hands-on learning centres give you chances to learn in a new way. If you visit the park, Convenient services are offered. Everyone wi

20、ll enjoy activites here.鞏固訓(xùn)練(用30個(gè)詞概括下列文章） Though big cities provide people with many conveniences, they certainly have their own disadvantages. Traffic is the first and often most serious problem. During the rush time, all the streets are jammed. Air pollution comes second. Factories and cars are constantly giving of smoke and harmful gases. If the weather is bad, you will f