高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法數(shù)詞專項(xiàng)PPT講解

1、數(shù)詞數(shù)詞的分?jǐn)?shù)詞的分類: 主要分為基數(shù)詞數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞數(shù)詞v表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基數(shù)詞v表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞:vA從1-10 one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，tenvB從 11-19 eleven，twelve， thirteen， fourteen， fifteen， sixteen， seventeen，eighteen， nineteen這里除 eleven， twelve， thirteen， fifteen， eighteen為特殊形式外 ,其余都是由其個(gè)位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-teen構(gòu)成 .vC從 21-99 整數(shù)幾十中

2、除twenty，thirty, forty，fifty，eighty為特殊形式外，sixty，seventy，ninety都是其個(gè)位數(shù)形式后添加后綴-ty構(gòu)成。表示幾十幾時(shí)，在幾十和個(gè)位基數(shù)詞數(shù)詞形式之間添加連字符- 21 twenty-one 76 seventy-six vD百位數(shù) 個(gè)數(shù)基數(shù)詞數(shù)詞后加hundred，表示幾百;在幾十幾與百位間加上and(200 two hundred,101 a/one hundred and one , 320 three hundred and twenty , 648 six hundred and forty-eight )E千位數(shù)以上 v從數(shù)字的

3、右端向左端數(shù)起，每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)逗號(hào)“，”。從右開始，第一個(gè)“，”前的數(shù)字后添加 thousand，第二個(gè)“，”前面的數(shù)字后添加 million，第三個(gè)“，”前的數(shù)字后添加 billion ,然后一節(jié)一節(jié)分別表示。 2,648 two thousand six hundred and forty-eight 16,250,064 sixteen million two hundred and fifty thousand sixty-four 5,237,166,234 five billion，two hundred and thirty-seven million，one hundred a

4、nd sixty-six thousand，two hundred and thirty-four v基數(shù)詞數(shù)詞在表示確切的數(shù)字時(shí)，不能使用dozen(12)、score(20)、hundred、thousand、million 、billion的復(fù)數(shù)形式；但是，當(dāng)基數(shù)詞數(shù)詞表示不確切數(shù)字，如成百、成千上萬，三三兩兩時(shí)，基數(shù)詞數(shù)詞則以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。 two dozen eggs, three score of girls/three score days, six thousand hundreds of , dozens of , thousands of, tens of thousand

5、s of, millions of in twos and threes , sixes and sevensv2）基數(shù)詞一般是單數(shù)形式，但下列情況，常用復(fù)數(shù)：a. 與of 短語(yǔ)連用，表示概數(shù)，不能與具體數(shù)目連 用，如scores of people 指許多人；b.在一些表示一排或一組的詞組里；如：They arrived in twos and threes.他們?nèi)齼蓛傻牡竭_(dá)了。c. 表示幾十歲；in ones thirtiesd. 表示年代，用 in +the +數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)；in the 1980se. 在乘法運(yùn)算的一種表示法里，如：3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (a

6、re) fifteen.基數(shù)詞數(shù)詞的句法功能 v基數(shù)詞數(shù)詞在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。 The two happily opened the box 兩個(gè)人高興地打開了盒子。（作主語(yǔ)） I need three altogether 我總共需要三個(gè)。（作賓語(yǔ)） Four students are playing volleyball outside 四個(gè)學(xué)生在外面打排球。（作定語(yǔ)） We are sixteen 我們是16個(gè)人。（作表語(yǔ)） They three tried to finish the task before sunset 他們?nèi)齻€(gè)人盡力想在日落前完成任務(wù)。（作同位

7、語(yǔ)）序數(shù)詞數(shù)詞的主要形式： vA從第一至第十九 one- first， two- second， three- third， five- fifth，eight-eighth，nine-ninth，twelve- twelfth為特殊形式，其它的序數(shù)詞數(shù)詞都是由其相對(duì)應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞數(shù)詞后面添加“th”構(gòu)成。例如： six- sixth、nineteen- nineteenthvB從第二十至第九十九 整數(shù)第幾十的形式由其對(duì)應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞數(shù)詞改變結(jié)尾字母y為i，再加“eth”構(gòu)成。 twentytwentieth thirtythirtieth 表示第幾十幾時(shí)，用幾十的基數(shù)詞數(shù)詞形式加上連字符“”和個(gè)位序

8、數(shù)詞數(shù)詞形式一起表示 thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六 seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九 vC第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞數(shù)詞 由基數(shù)詞數(shù)詞的形式變結(jié)尾部分為序數(shù)詞數(shù)詞形式來表示。 one hundredth第一百 one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一 one thousand，three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十 vD序數(shù)詞數(shù)詞的縮寫形式有時(shí)，序數(shù)詞數(shù)詞可以用縮寫形式來表示。主要縮寫形式有。first-lst second-2nd third-3rd fo

9、urth-4th sixth-6th twentieth-20th twenty-third- 23rd 其中l(wèi)st，2nd，3rd為特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th 序數(shù)詞數(shù)詞的句法功能v序數(shù)詞數(shù)詞在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。 The second is what I really need 第二個(gè)是我真正需要的。（作主語(yǔ)） He choose the second 他挑選了第二個(gè)。（作賓語(yǔ)） We are to carry out the first plan 我們將執(zhí)行第一個(gè)計(jì)劃。（作定語(yǔ)） She is the second in our class在我們班她是第二名。（

10、作表語(yǔ)） v序數(shù)詞數(shù)詞在使用時(shí)，通常前面要加定冠詞 the；但是如果序數(shù)詞數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時(shí)，則表示再-，又-。 Well go over it a second time Weve tried it three timesMust we try it a fourth time? v表示日期用序數(shù)詞數(shù)詞May 5 五月五日（讀作May fifth）,也可以表示為the fifth（5th）of May 序號(hào)表示法（1）單純的序號(hào)，可在基數(shù)詞前加number,簡(jiǎn)寫為No.。如：No.1第一號(hào)（2）事物名詞的序號(hào)表達(dá)法有所不同：v對(duì)于一些小序號(hào)可有序數(shù)詞也可用基數(shù)詞表達(dá)，形式分別為：t

11、he + 序數(shù)詞 + 名詞；名詞 + 基數(shù)詞。如：第一次世界大戰(zhàn)可以表示為the First World War或World War One, Lesson 8 =the eighth lessonv對(duì)于一些大序號(hào)我們通常只用一種表達(dá)法，即名詞 + 數(shù)詞。如：501號(hào)房間表示為Room 501, 538路公共汽車表示為Bus 538。v可用a / the + number + 基數(shù)詞 + 名詞。如：a No.5 bus一輛五路公共汽車，the No.8 bus那輛8路公共汽車。分?jǐn)?shù)表示法v分?jǐn)?shù)是由基數(shù)詞數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞數(shù)詞一起來表示的?；鶖?shù)詞數(shù)詞作分子，序數(shù)詞數(shù)詞作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其它

12、情況下序數(shù)詞數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths3 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter 1/2 a half 1/4 one quarter或a quarter 1 1/2 one and a half 百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)percent表示 50 fifty percent3 three percentv分?jǐn)?shù)和百分?jǐn)?shù)后面不能直接接名詞或代詞，而用以下形式：分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù) of + the

13、 /these/those/my+ 名詞 / 代詞, 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與of后的名詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，如：Two-thirds of the money was spent on food.Seventy percent of the earth surface is covered by water. One third of the students are from the town.分?jǐn)?shù)的其它表達(dá)形式：v分子與分母之間加in, 分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基數(shù)詞。如：one in ten 十分之一，five in eight八分之五。v分子與分母之間加out of , 分子在前，分母

14、在后，分子分母都用基數(shù)詞。如：one out of ten十分之一，five out of eight八分之五小數(shù)表示法 v小數(shù)用基數(shù)詞數(shù)詞來表示，以小數(shù)點(diǎn)為界，小數(shù)點(diǎn)左首的數(shù)字為一個(gè)單位，表示整數(shù)，數(shù)字合起來讀；小數(shù)點(diǎn)右首的數(shù)字為一個(gè)單位，表示小數(shù)，數(shù)字分開來讀；小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀作 point，o讀作 zero或o，整數(shù)部分為零時(shí)，可以省略不讀. 0.4 zero point four或point four 零點(diǎn)四 10.23 ten point two three 十點(diǎn)二三 25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五點(diǎn)六七 l.03 one point o thre

15、e 一點(diǎn)零三 倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方式once, twice, three times, four times（1）倍數(shù)用在as + 形容詞 / 副詞（原級(jí)）+ as結(jié)構(gòu)之前。如：They have three times as many cows as we do.（2）倍數(shù)放在形容詞或副詞的比較級(jí)之前或by + 倍數(shù)用在比較級(jí)之后。如：This rope is four times longer than that one.They produced more products in 2001 than those in 2000 by twice.The production of grain h

16、as been increased by four times this year.（3）倍數(shù)用在表示度量名詞前，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：倍數(shù) + the +size / length / weight + of + 表示比較對(duì)象的名詞，也可用于倍數(shù) + what引導(dǎo)的從句中。如：This room is three times the size of that one.The college is twice what it was 5 years age.You cant imagine that rats eat 40 to 50 times their weight.大約數(shù)的表示方法（1）用te

17、n、dozen、score、hundred、thousand、million等數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)后加of短語(yǔ)來表示幾十、幾百、上千、成千上萬等大約數(shù)概念。（2）用less than、under、below、almost、nearly、up to 等來表示小于或接近某數(shù)目。He is good at English, so he can finish the paper in less than two hours.（3）用more than、over、above、beyond、or more等來表示超過或多于某個(gè)數(shù)目。如：Peking University has a history of more

18、than 100 years.（4）用or、or so、about、around、some、more or less等表示在某一數(shù)目左右。About 50 people were present at that time. （5）用to、from to、between and表示介于兩數(shù)詞。如：His salary rises from 20 dollars a week to 35 dollars a week.加減乘除表示法v1. 加用plus，and或add表示；等于用is，make，equal等詞表示。2+3=? 可表示為： How much is two plus three? 2+

19、3=5 Two plus three is five Two and three is equal to five Two and three make five Two added to three equals five If we add two to/and three, we get five v2. 減用 minus或 take from表示 106?How much is ten minus six? 10-6=4 Ten minus six is four Take six from ten and the remainder is four. Six (taken) from

20、 ten is four 十減去六等于四 v3. “乘”用time（動(dòng)詞）或multiply表示 3X4? How much is three times four? 3X4=12 Three times four is/are twelve Three fours is/are twelve Multiply three by four，and we get twelve Three multiplied by four makes twelve 三乘以四等于十二 v4. “除”用divide的過去分詞形式表示 164=? How much is sixteen divided by fou

21、r? 1644 Sixteen divided by four is four Sixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four If you divide 16 by 4, you get 4. 十六除以四等于四。 1._ people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day.A.Several million B.Many millionsC.Several millions D.Many million2. The number of people invited _

22、fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A.were ; was B.was ; was C.was ; were D.were ; wereAC3. Shortly after the accident, two _ police were sent to the sport to keep order. A. dozens of B. dozens C. dozen D. dozen of 4. _ of the land in that district_ covered with trees and gra

23、ss. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are5. It is said that the mountain is about _ high, through which the peasants dug a hole _ deep.A. 400 foot/six hundreds metresB. 400 foots/six hundred metresC. 400 feets/six - hundred - metreD. 400 feet/six- hundred metresCCD6. _ cave that George has discovere