10濟南語法十 語法考點剖析

1、語法考點剖析考點一 動詞不定式動詞不定式的根本形式是“to動詞原形 ,否認形式是在動詞不定式前加not。動詞不定式具有動詞的特點 ,可以有自己的賓語和狀語 ,但沒有人稱與的變化 ,在句中也不能作謂語 ,動詞不定式及其賓語和狀語構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語。1作主語動詞不定式作主語時 ,可以用動名詞替換且常用it作形式主語 ,把動詞不定式后置 ,常構(gòu)成“Itbeadj.(for sb.)動詞不定式。It's important (for us) to protect the environment.(對我們來說)保護環(huán)境很重要。2作表語My job is to teach English.我的工作

2、是教英語。3作賓語或賓語補足語(1)接to do作賓語的動詞或短語有want, begin/start, love, forget, remember, teach, decide, agree, seem, would like, plan等。(2)接動詞不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有ask, tell, invite, allow, want, wish, encourage等。(3)在使役動詞make, let, have和感官系動詞 feel, look, smell等的后面作賓語補足語時 ,不定式符號to要省略。help后的不定式可帶to也可不帶to。4作定語I have a lot o

3、f homework to do.我有許多家庭作業(yè)要做。動詞不定式與所修飾的名詞之間是動賓關(guān)系 ,如果動詞不定式是不及物動詞 ,其后要有相關(guān)的介詞。The cat is easy to take care of.這只貓很容易照顧。5作狀語Mrs. Wang went to Shanghai to see her daughter.王太太去上?？此畠骸?目的)We're glad to meet you here.我們很快樂在這兒見到你。(原因)He is too tired to work on.他太累了不能繼續(xù)工作了。(結(jié)果)6“疑問詞動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)疑問詞who, what, wh

4、en, where, how, which等后接動詞不定式 ,在句中作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語等。The teacher is telling the students what to do.老師正告訴學(xué)生們做什么。He didn't know where to go(where he should go)他不知道去哪里。7含動詞不定式的特殊句型與短語too. to.太而不能Why don't you do sth.？為什么不做某事？had better do sth.最好做某事prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.寧愿做某事 ,而不愿做

5、某事make sb. do sth.讓某人做某事be made to do sth.被迫做某事1(2019·湖北咸寧中考改編)Remember some fruit when you come back.Abuying Bto buyCbuy Dbought2(2019·湖南長沙中考改編)The weather report says it's going to have a shower this afternoon.It does? We'd better now, just in case.Ato leave BleavingCleave Dleft3

6、(2019·甘肅張掖中考)My two cousins decide a business together.Ato start BstartingCstart Dstarted4(2019·黑龍江齊齊哈爾中考改編)We set up this group disabled people like Ben Smith.Ahelp Bto helpChelping Dhelps5(2019·黑龍江綏化中考改編)People are supposed hands when they meet for the first time in America.Ashaking

7、 Bto shakeCshake Dshook6(2019·貴州中考)Parents should always tell their kids with strangers.Anot to talk Bnot talkingCto not talk Dnot talk7(2019·四川成都中考改編)I got up early this morning my grandma at the airport.Ato pick up Bpicking upCpicked up Dpick up8(2019·四川達州中考)I'd love to go hikin

8、g with you, but I have much homework If you don't go, Ato do; so do I Bto do; nor will ICdoing; so will I Ddo; neither am I9(2019·四川樂山中考改編)Julia, your mobile phone is ringing.Wait a minute. It's dangerous it while crossing the street.Aanswering BanswerCto answer Dto answering10(2019

9、3;廣東中考)After long years of war, many people in Syria are homeless. I think it important a peaceful world.Abuild Bnot buildCto build Dnot to build11(2019·貴州安順中考)You should do what you can your English, Li Ming.OK, I will. Thank you, Ms.Hu.Aimprove Bto improveCimproving Dimproved考點二 動名詞動名詞由“動詞原形&

10、#173;ing構(gòu)成 ,與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動名詞既有動詞的性質(zhì)(可有賓語和狀語) ,也有名詞的性質(zhì) ,可作主語、賓語、表語或定語。1動名詞常用結(jié)構(gòu)(1)只能跟動名詞的動詞(短語)有avoid, consider, enjoy, feel like, finish, mind, practice, suggest, be busy doing, be good at doing, be interested in doing, can't help doing, give up doing, make a living (by) doing, put off doing等。(2)haven

11、.(in) doinghave fun (in) doing, have trouble (in) doing, have a hard time (in) doing, have problems/difficulty (in) doing等。(3)to doing 結(jié)構(gòu) ,to是介詞be/get used to doing, look forward to doing, pay attention to doing, prefer doing to doing等。2有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動名詞 ,但表達的意義不同。stopforgetremembertryregret1(2019

12、83;預(yù)測)Have you forgotten $1 ,000 from me last month? Will you please remember it tomorrow?Aborrowing; to bringBto borrow; to bring Cborrowed; bringingDborrowing; bringing2(2019·黑龍江龍東中考改編)Would you mind here?Of course not. I'll my cigarette at once.Anot smoking; put awayBnot smoking; put out

13、Cnot to smoke; put offDnot to smoke; put out3(2019·預(yù)測)Everyone thinks the problem is hard, but he has no difficulty the problem. Aworking outBhaving worked outCto have worked outDto work out 4(2019·湖北黃岡中考)Nowadays lots of products from China are very popular in the world.Yeah! Many people

14、can hardly avoid products made in China.Ato buy BbuyingCbought Dbuy5(2019·預(yù)測)My brother keeps me with my work.Ato help Bhelp Chelping Dhelped6(2019·預(yù)測)I've enjoyed to talk with you.Ato be able Bbeing ableCto been able Dof being able7(2019·預(yù)測)Mr. Wang came into the office without t

15、he door. Aknock Bknocking at Cto knock at Dknocking to8(2019·重慶中考)Dave is a good boy and he always finishes his homework on time.Ado BdidCdoes Ddoing9(2019·重慶渝北中考)There are some people soccer in the park.Aplay BplaysCplaying Dto play10(2019·江蘇常州中考)Why doesn't the Surgeon stop lunc

16、h?Because he is too busy a dying patient in the operation room.Ato have; to save Bhaving; to saveCto have; saving Dhaving; saving11(2019·江蘇淮安中考)The research he devotes himself to the farmers have a better harvest is very important.Ahelping Bto helpChelp Dhelped考點三 分詞1現(xiàn)在分詞由“動詞原形­ing構(gòu)成 ,表示主動

17、、進行意義 ,還具有形容詞的作用 ,可在句中作表語、定語、賓語、賓語補足語、狀語等。The crying girl can't find her mother.那個正在哭的女孩找不到她媽媽了。(定語)The story is interesting.這個故事很有趣。(表語)I saw him studying in the classroom.我看到他正在教室里學(xué)習(xí)。(賓語補足語)Studying hard, you will pass the exam.只要你努力學(xué)習(xí) ,就會通過考試。(狀語)2過去分詞表示被動、完成意義 ,在句中作表語、定語、賓語補足語、狀語等。She is ver

18、y tired.她很疲勞。(表語)The boy wore a pair of faded jeans.那個男孩穿了一條褪色的牛仔褲。(定語)She found the village greatly changed.她發(fā)現(xiàn)這個村莊變化很大。(賓語補足語)3現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作定語的區(qū)別。(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語與它所修飾的名詞存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系 ,表示該動作的主動或者進行。a sleeping child一個正在睡覺的孩子a developing country一個開展中國家boiling water正在沸騰的水a(chǎn) surprising look一個令人吃驚的表情(2)過去分詞作定語與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動賓關(guān)系 ,表示該動作的被動或者完成。the novel written by Lu Xun 魯迅寫的那篇小說 a singer surrounded by a group of fans 被粉絲包圍的歌手fallen leaves 落葉a snow­covered city被雪覆蓋的城市1(2019·黑龍江龍東中考改編)I saw Jim into that new buil