形容詞比較級和最高級變化規(guī)則1

1、形容詞比較級和最高級變化規(guī)則形容詞級的變化規(guī)律和級的用法：一、形容詞級的變化：1、規(guī)律變化：單音詞的變化：（四條） 一般情況：+er（比較級）+est（最高級）eg :quiet-quieter-the quietest bright-brighter-the brightest明亮 / 聰明的dear-dearest-the dearest clever-cleverer-the cleverest 詞末為-e （不發(fā)音）+ r -+st eg:fi ne-fi ner-the fin est ni ce-ni cer-the ni cest cute-cuter-the cutest cl

2、ose-closer-the closest white-whiter-the whitest large-larger-the largest free-freer-freest（特殊） 重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有一個輔音字母的: 雙寫輔音字母+er-雙寫輔音字母+esteg:hot-hotter-the hottest big -bigger-the biggest red-redder-the reddest wet-wetter-the wettest sad-sadder-the saddest fat-fatter-the fattest thin-th inn er-the thi n

3、n est fit-fitter-fittest 少數(shù)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié) 原根詞: 變 y 為i+er 變 y 為i+est形容詞和副詞用法比較形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞在語法結(jié)構(gòu)中主要用于比較級和最高級。形 容詞和副詞的構(gòu)成形式基本上一樣，它們的形式與單音節(jié)、雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)有關(guān)，當(dāng)然還有其特殊形式。形容詞和副詞比較級的基本用法分為 同級比較、比較級和最高級三種形式。但這三種形式都有它們特殊的表 達(dá)方式以及它們的慣用法。對以下要點大家須一一掌握。第一節(jié)形容詞比較級和最高級的形式一、形容詞比較級和最高級的構(gòu)成形容詞的比較級和最高級變化形式規(guī)則如下構(gòu)成法原級比較級最高級 一般單音節(jié)詞末尾加和

4、 單音節(jié)詞如果以結(jié)尾，只加和一個輔音字母, 和stra ngest 閉音節(jié)單音節(jié)詞如末尾只有 須先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加 bighot sadder bigger hotter saddest biggest hottest結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞,結(jié)尾的詞，如前是輔音字母,，以 結(jié)尾的詞仍 少數(shù)以或末尾加 和 est（以 把y變成i，再加 和 只加 和clevern arrow no ble an grier cleverer n arrower no bler an grest cleverestn arrowestno blest 其他雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞都在前面加單詞more和most differ

5、entmorediffere nt mostdiffere nt1) The most high A moun ta in in B the world is MountEverest , which is situated twentyC in Nepal and isD.2) This house is spaciouser one I bought in Rapid City3) Research in the socialBthan similarCAthan that Bwhite C, South Dakota Dlast year.Ascie nces ofte n proves

6、 difficulter work in the physical D scie nces.二、形容詞比較級或最高級的特殊形式：1. 三個或三個以上音節(jié)的形容詞只能加more和most只能說 more beautiful而不能說 beautifuller; 只能說 the mostbeautiful 而不能說 beautifullest 。但是，以形容前綴結(jié)尾的三音節(jié)形容詞不適合上述情況，如un happy ,un tidy，我們可以說：un happier un happiest, un tidierf un tidiest2. 由分詞和分詞演變過來的形容詞(包括不規(guī)則動詞如know kno

7、wn)只能加more或most來表示它們的比較級和最高級 more(most) strik ing, more(most) in terest ing, more(most)woun ded, more(most)worn等。4) The draw ings Aof the old masters Bare among thetreasuredest C works in museums D.3. 英語里有些形容詞由于其詞義而不可能有比較級形式absolute fatal main right uni versal chief final n aked simulta- utter en ti

8、re foremost perfect n eous vital eternalficie ntexcelle nt infin ite primary supreme woode n三、不規(guī)則形容詞的比較級和最高級形式goodwell badillmany much littlefewfar5) African elephants are larger , fiercer , and difficulterAto tame Btha n C Asia n elepha nts D6) Sarah Hale became Aone of the famousest Bmagaz ine Ced

9、itors in the Un ited States duri ng Dthe1800 ' s.7) Of all Athe Native American tribes B, the Shaw neeIn dia ns were Ca most Dtran sie nt.四、例題解析1) A錯。應(yīng)將“most high改為highest。這是在考形容詞比較級的構(gòu) 成形式。2) A 錯。改為 more spacious 。3) B 錯。改為 more difficult 。4) C 錯。treasured 在本句中是分詞(動詞treasure + ed)作形容詞使用，是寶貴的、珍貴的

10、”意思，修飾名詞works(作品)，其最 高級形式應(yīng)用 the most treasured 。5) A 錯，改為 more difficult 。6) B錯。改為“the most famous ，”因為famous(著名的)是雙音節(jié)，其最高級變化應(yīng)在前面加“the most ”。7) D錯。應(yīng)改為“ the most，”因為此處表示的是最高級，“ the mosttransient意為“延續(xù)時間)最短暫的”。第二節(jié)副詞比較級和最高級的形式副詞比較級和最高級的變化形式與形容詞基本上一樣一般副詞hard harder hardestfast faster fastestlate later l

11、atestearly earlier earliest特殊副詞well better bestmuch more mostbadly worse worst結(jié)尾的副詞不能more quietly再加 和little less least但是，開放類副詞即以后綴 像形容詞那樣加或 ，如quickly more quickly most quickly quietly most quietly注：early中的 不是后綴，故可以把變第三節(jié)形容詞與副詞比較級和最高級的基本用法一、原級比較的基本用法1. 原級比較由“ a於形容詞或副詞（或再加名詞或短語）+ as ”勾成 原級相同”比較句，表示兩者比較

12、；其否定式，即 程度不及”比較句型為“not so（as） +形容詞或副詞+ as ”，而且asas結(jié)構(gòu)前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的詞修飾1）Walk ing briskly for thirty minu tes will bur n as many caloriesas .Ato run for fiftee n minu tesBrunning for fiftee n minu tesCyou run for fiftee n minu tesDfiftee n2）The gorilla（ 大猩猩），while Anot quite as c

13、urious than Bthe chimpanzee（ 黑猩猩）， shows more persistenee C and memory reten ti on（記憶力）in solvi ng Da problem.3）Alaska is twice Aas larger Bas Cthe next largestDstate ， Texas.2. “ as （so+名詞+ as +名詞”進(jìn)行名詞比較，這時一般情況下有一個 表示原級的比較詞，但如果第一名詞前出現(xiàn)了形容詞修飾該詞或出現(xiàn)副 詞修飾謂語，應(yīng)當(dāng)用so而不用as4）Thomas Jeffers on' s achieveme

14、 nts as an architect rival hiscon tributi ons a politicia n.AsuchB moreCasDthan5）I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter. （88年考題)AthatBso:Cthis:Das二、比較級1. 比較級由 形容詞(副詞)比較級+ than +,”構(gòu)成表示在兩者中間一 方比另一方 更加”。連詞than后可接句子，也可接名詞、代詞、名詞 短語、介詞短語、動詞、動詞不定式、結(jié)構(gòu)和 結(jié)構(gòu)，有時云母)of A a superior Cto obta in tha

15、n syn thetic older tha n .any other girl in the groupB quality is D mica.也可省去than。6) Natural mica( cheapest7) She isAany girl in the group all girls in the group you and me as well as the group8) Joseph ine McCrack in joined Athein 1905 and , until her death fifteen years lateCactive in journalistic

16、 Dwork.2.注意than前后兩項相比較的人或事物要一致9) The purpose of the research had a more importa nt meaning for them tha n .B:C:D“ Santa Cruz Sentinel B, remained10) Sou nd travels air.Afaster through water tha n throughthrough water andCthrough water faster andwater tha n through11) Gerbra nd von den FeckhoutB fast

17、er tha nD where it is faster through, one of Rembrand' s pupilsBfollowed Athe style of his teacher so implicitly thathis pain ti ngs C are sometimes con fused with his masterD.AoursBwith usCfor ours it hadDit did for us二、最咼級1.最高級用于三者以上比較，形容詞的結(jié)構(gòu)形式是定冠詞+形容詞最 高級+名詞+表示范圍的短語或從句 ”如all, of all, of the t

18、ree, inthe world, that has ever take n place等)12) The more Afearsome of all the Ban imals in Cthe Wester n DHemisphere is the grizzly bear.13) Of all econo mic Aproblems , in flati on continues to beBa C most significant in its daily impact on Dpeopleand bus in ess.14) , the most familiar to gen era

19、l public is the crim inaljurisdict ion.AAll the activitiesBThe activitiesCOf all the activitiesDIt is the activities2. 副詞的最咼級與形容詞最咼級的區(qū)別在于最咼級前沒有定冠詞the四、例題解析1) B為正確答案。2) B錯。改為as ,和前面的as和形容詞原形curious 一起構(gòu)成同程 度比較。3) B 錯。改為 as large 。4) C對。動詞rival(勝過、匹敵)前后是兩個相比較的成分achievements( 成果)和contributions( 貢獻(xiàn))，由于前面

20、的名詞后出 現(xiàn)了短語as an architect ,故空白處也應(yīng)用as ,使前后對比成分一致。5) B為正確答案。6) C錯。應(yīng)改為比較級cheaper。比較級后并不一定跟接連詞than , 有時在其間有名詞或名詞短語(被形容詞所修飾)，介詞短語，不定式或 其他成分隔開。7) A為正確答案。“ She作為單個不能跟全組比(C和D不對)，也不能 跟全組所有相比，因為 她”也是其中一員，自然 她”不能跟自己相比。 這里“she比較的是 這組中的任何一個”，所以a對。8) B錯。應(yīng)改為比較級later，因此處實為與1905年相比晚15年， 故應(yīng)使用比較級。9) D為正確答案。10) A為正確答案。

21、11) D 錯。 改為 his master ' s12) A 錯。改為 most。13) C錯。改為the， significant是多音節(jié)形容詞，在此處應(yīng)用最高 級形式(在前面加the most)，注意句中的“of all。”14) C為正確答案。本句空白處缺狀語，A和B全為名詞短語，不符合條件；D為句子，和空白后面的句子沒有任何聯(lián)系，故亦應(yīng)排除。只有 C正確，和后面的最高級the most familiar前后呼應(yīng)。第四節(jié) 形容詞和副詞的特殊表達(dá)法、形容詞與副詞的同級比較：由“as(so)as”出，其否定式為“notas結(jié)構(gòu)或短語的句子他是個孩子，必須被就是價格再貴一倍,他幾乎全

22、部承認(rèn)了。我在六行中發(fā)現(xiàn)了六個錯。so”或“ not asa考生還應(yīng)注意下列含有1. as such :表示上文所指明的事或人He is a child,a nd must be treated as such. 當(dāng)作孩子對待。2. as much :表示與同量”Take as much as you like. 拿多少都行。 I would gladly have paid twice as much for it. 我也會愿意把它買下的。He as much as admitted the whole story.3. as many :表示 與一樣多”I found six mistak

23、es in as many lin es.二、表示 幾倍于”的比較級：用twice （兩倍），four times （四倍），ten times （十倍）加上as as結(jié)構(gòu)This one is four times as big as that one.這個是那個的四倍大。（這個比那個大三倍。 ）/ Our campus is three times as large as yours. 我們的校園比你們的大兩倍。/ He has books twice asmany as she does.他的書比她多一倍。1）The five A the country to buy ninemilli

24、o n tons Bof grain a year C ， three millio n moreas Dthe old pact ' s minimum.三、“ the same +名詞+ as”表示同等比較2）The lens of a camera performs the lens of the eye.Ain the same function Bthe same function asCthe function is the same as Dand has the samefun cti on3）The elim in ati on of in flati on woul

25、d en sure that the amount of money used in repay ing a loa n wouldhave as the amount of money borrowed.Aas the same value Bthe same valueC value as the same D the value is the same四、比較級前可用 a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot,many, much等詞語表示不定量，far, completely,still表示程度或更進(jìn)一步4) There are no

26、w methods for study ing color visio n in infants than there once were.A more sophisticated tha nBmuch more sophisticatedCmuch sophisticatedDsophisticated5) The photographs of Mars take n by satellite are tha n those take n from the Earth.AclearestBthe clearestCmuch clearerDmore clearer6) Com mon por

27、poises(海豚)are usually not con sidered Amigratory ， although Bsome do move Cto more warmerD waters in win ter.兼有兩種形式的副詞1) close 與 closelyclose意思是"近"；closely 意思是"仔細(xì)地" He is sitti ng close to me.Watch him closely.2) late 與 latelylate意思是"晚"；lately 意思是"最近"You have come too late.What have you bee n doing lately?3) deep 與 deeplydeep意思是"深"，表示空間深度；deeply時常表示感情上的深度，' 深深地"He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Eve n father was deeply moved by the film.4)