精講(主謂一致)課件

1、一、普遍性一、普遍性主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如are, were,haveare, were,have，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式，如：主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)要用單數(shù)形式，如：is, was, has, is, was, has, worksworks等，等，isarehave主謂一致主謂一致：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。The news about the Olympic Games_exciting.(be) The news about the Olympic Games_exciting.(be) China

2、and Canada _ two of the largest China and Canada _ two of the largest countries. countries. American Indians _ lived in southern Canada American Indians _ lived in southern Canada for over 20, 000 years. for over 20, 000 years. Bob Mike Mike and Bob _ workers.Bob _ a worker.(be)isareBob _ machines e

3、very day.(repair)Bob and Mike _ machines every day.repairs repair 二、特殊性：二、特殊性：(一）下列詞后面只能跟動(dòng)詞單數(shù)一）下列詞后面只能跟動(dòng)詞單數(shù)1. 1. everyone, everybody, everything, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing, someone, somebody, something, (none除外除外)等不定代詞及等不定代詞及each, the other,little,much作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式

4、用單數(shù)形式。Somebody _ using the phoneSomebody _ using the phone. .A is B areA is B areA A ReadingReading English papers and magazines English papers and magazines _helpful to our study of Englishhelpful to our study of EnglishA is B are C do D doesA is B are C do D doesA 2 2、如果主語(yǔ)是不定式、動(dòng)名詞、主語(yǔ)從句，如果主語(yǔ)是不定式、動(dòng)名

5、詞、主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)Walking in the woods _ a good form of exercise.When we will hold the meeting _ not decided yet.To learn foreign languages _ not easy.isisis1.More than one person here _ with the disease. A. has been infected B. have been infected C. has been infecting D. have been infecting但是，“復(fù)

6、數(shù)名詞”作句子3、由、由more than one或或 many a 修飾名詞修飾名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)A 主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)Twenty years _ a long time. Twenty years _ a long time. Ten thousand dollars _ enough. Ten thousand dollars _ enough. Two and three _ five.Two and three _ five.The fifty miles is/are covered by The fifty miles is/are c

7、overed by the winner in three hours the winner in three hours 4. 4. 時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格等度量衡名詞及等度量衡名詞及 數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)可用單數(shù)形式。如數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)可用單數(shù)形式。如表示具體的多少表示具體的多少, ,強(qiáng)調(diào)復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí), ,謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式. isisisisisis5.有的集體名詞表達(dá)抽象的事物，如有的集體名詞表達(dá)抽象的事物，如furniture（家具）（家具）clothing（衣物），（衣物），jewellery（珠寶）等，盡管表達(dá)一類事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（珠寶）等，盡管

8、表達(dá)一類事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍然用單數(shù)。仍然用單數(shù)。A lot of furniture has been bought for the new comer. 人們?yōu)檫@個(gè)人們?yōu)檫@個(gè)新來(lái)的人買了許多家具。新來(lái)的人買了許多家具。7.主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，諸如此類的詞有主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，諸如此類的詞有news和一些以和一些以ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱，結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱，physics，politics，economics等。如：等。如： The news was very exciting. 這個(gè)消息非常激動(dòng)。這個(gè)消息非常激動(dòng)。6. one of, each of 等復(fù)數(shù)名詞代詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)

9、詞用單數(shù)等復(fù)數(shù)名詞代詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式形式 neither of, either of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞代詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞代詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)用單數(shù),有時(shí)也用復(fù)數(shù)有時(shí)也用復(fù)數(shù)如：如：Neither of us is right.8.當(dāng)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是一本書或一條格言主語(yǔ)是一本書或一條格言時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。The Arabian Nights is a book known to lovers of English.（二）下面的詞后既可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)。（二）下面的詞后既可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)。He and I _ classmates. He and I _ classm

10、ates. Both rice and wheat _ grown in this part of Both rice and wheat _ grown in this part of China. China. 兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞用兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的名詞用andand作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)areareareare9. and9. and如果如果andand連接的兩個(gè)名詞指的是同一個(gè)人，同一件事或連接的兩個(gè)名詞指的是同一個(gè)人，同一件事或同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，同一概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式，andand后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞，如：詞，如： isisThe wor

11、ker and writer _to give us a talk.The worker and writer _to give us a talk.The English teacher and head teacher _Miss HeThe English teacher and head teacher _Miss Heisisandand連接兩個(gè)名詞前分別有連接兩個(gè)名詞前分別有each, every, noeach, every, no修飾，修飾，andand后面的名詞前的后面的名詞前的every, each, noevery, each, no還可以省略還可以省略。 EachEac

12、h actor and (each) actress was invited to actor and (each) actress was invited to our school. our school. Every boy and (every) girl has got a toy train. Every boy and (every) girl has got a toy train. No teacher and( no) student agrees to haveNo teacher and( no) student agrees to have classes on Su

13、ndayclasses on Sunday. .10.one and a half加復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 One and a half bananas was eaten by the monkey . One and a half years has passed since the war broke out.11.用what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于后面的表語(yǔ)。 What she did is not known. What they gave me are some books. 12單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)意義決定單復(fù)數(shù)。如fish,deer,

14、sheep,means, works（工廠）（工廠） 13.名詞所有格之后的名詞被省略，這種情況只指商店，工廠，住宅等，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。 如the bakers the barbars the carpenters the Zhangs my uncles The doctors is on the side of the street.14.14.集體名詞如集體名詞如: group, class, company, : group, class, company, government, family, army, enemy, population, government, fam

15、ily, army, enemy, population, team, public, crowdteam, public, crowd等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，往往譯作謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)，如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，往往譯作“人人”就用復(fù)就用復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)，My family are music lovers. My family are music lovers. My family is not poor any more. My family is not poor any more. The army is going to remain in this tow

16、n. The army is going to remain in this town. The army have rescued the travelers. The army have rescued the travelers. The government is to build new settlements in The government is to build new settlements in the north. the north. The government are holding a meeting to discuss the problems.15.all

17、(some, a lot, plenty ,a heap/heaps, any, 15.all(some, a lot, plenty ,a heap/heaps, any, part, the rest, most, percent, part, the rest, most, percent, 分?jǐn)?shù)，分?jǐn)?shù)，half)+ half)+ of+ of+ 名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)ofof后面的名詞決定，如果后面的名詞決定，如果ofof后面是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；如后面是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；如果果ofof后面是名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，后面是名詞復(fù)數(shù)，

18、謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，_ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; areHalf of the apple _rotten. Half of the apple _rotten. Half of the apples _rotten. Half of the apples _rotten. Half of his income _spent on books last month. H

19、alf of his income _spent on books last month. The rest of the water _not enough. The rest of the water _not enough. Two-thirds of the books _borrowed. Two-thirds of the books _borrowed. 70 percent of the surface of our planet 70 percent of the surface of our planet _covered by water. _covered by wat

20、er. Lots of damage _caused by the fireLots of damage _caused by the fire. . isisarearewaswasareareisiswaswasisis16.The+adj 如果如果the rich, the poor, the dead, the deaf, the living, the wounded等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；表示抽象概念或等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；表示抽象概念或指?jìng)€(gè)別事物，如指?jìng)€(gè)別事物，如 the unknown ,the unexpected ,the beautiful 等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)

21、等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)The old are well taken care of in china.The beautiful is loved by all.17.people, police, cattle (牛群）牛群）+ 復(fù)謂復(fù)謂 The cattle are kept on the farm.18.以以-s結(jié)尾的名詞結(jié)尾的名詞學(xué)科、疾病，書名、報(bào)名，劇名，國(guó)家、機(jī)構(gòu)：學(xué)科、疾病，書名、報(bào)名，劇名，國(guó)家、機(jī)構(gòu)： 單謂單謂島、山、瀑布，奧運(yùn)會(huì)、成雙的東西：復(fù)謂島、山、瀑布，奧運(yùn)會(huì)、成雙的東西：復(fù)謂 The Unite States _ many famous presidents.

22、Her trousers _ very dirty. Her pair of trousers _ very dirty.Note:成雙的東西前有成雙的東西前有pair of 修飾修飾 應(yīng)由應(yīng)由pair 的形式?jīng)Q定的形式?jīng)Q定19一些形式為復(fù)數(shù)，意義為單數(shù)的名詞，如：一些形式為復(fù)數(shù)，意義為單數(shù)的名詞，如：trousers, glasses,scissors,shoes,compasses,chopsticks Her glasses are new.20一些單詞形式為復(fù)數(shù)，意義上也是復(fù)數(shù)，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如：goods,clothes, congratulations,earnings,re

23、mains,belongs 21.none作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)既可用單數(shù)又可用復(fù)數(shù).22.all作主語(yǔ)指人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；指物時(shí)用單數(shù)。23在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語(yǔ)和其后的主語(yǔ)保持一致。 Between the two windows hangs a picture.24.a great /good deal of ,a large amount of,只與不可數(shù)名詞搭配，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。The amount of 一般解釋為總數(shù)后接不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)Large amounts of+不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)25在ONE OF+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+WHO/THAT/WHICH引

24、導(dǎo)的從句中的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。但當(dāng)ONE之前有THE ONLY 修飾時(shí)，先行詞為ONE，所以謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.She was the only one of the girls who was late for the meeting.26在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，對(duì)主語(yǔ)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，THAT/WHO后面謂語(yǔ)必須與主語(yǔ)保持一致。 It was Tom that/who lost his bike.27.SUCH作為代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由表語(yǔ)決定.Such is my plan.Such are our words.28.a (large) quantity of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)（large) quantities of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)三。一致性：29 就前一致就前一致