船舶狹水道航行須知

1、船舶狹水道航行須知Narrow Channel navigation Instruction1. 總則General Rule1.1. 狹水道是指相對(duì)水深或水道相對(duì)寬度較小的航道，狹水道內(nèi)，航道狹窄彎曲，水淺灘多，還有暗礁，沉船或漁柵等障礙物，水文氣象條件多變，船舶交通密集，為了確保狹水道內(nèi)航行安全，必須經(jīng)常研究和掌握該水道的地理特點(diǎn)及水文氣象條件，加強(qiáng)了望并謹(jǐn)慎駕駛，避免發(fā)生碰撞和觸淺的事故。Narrow channel means the waterway with small relative water depth or small relative breadth of channe

2、l. In narrow channel, waterway is narrow and curved, shallow, many shoal. There is redge, wreck, fishing stakes and other obstacle. Hydrometeors are changeable. Heavy traffic. To ensure safe navigation in narrow channel, should often research and know well the hydrometeors and geographical character

3、 and reinforce look out, steer prudently, avoid colliding and grounding.2. 狹水道中的操船要點(diǎn)Key points for steering in narrow channel2.1. 水道的全面調(diào)查。Full check for channel2.1.1. 掌握狹水道水域附近的地形地貌，狹水道內(nèi)可航水域的水文情況等。Being mastery the terrains and landforms near the channel, the hydrologic regime of navigable water are

4、a in narrow channel2.1.2. 掌握狹水道助航標(biāo)志的系統(tǒng)。Mastery navigation-assistance mark system in narrow channel.2.1.3. 掌握狹水道附近的風(fēng)浪等自然情況，并配以風(fēng)壓差。Mastery wind, wave and other natural condition near the narrow channel coordinated by wind pressure difference2.1.4. 掌握狹水道內(nèi)的船舶交通狀況。Mastery of traffic condition in narrow c

5、hannel2.2. 行駛在計(jì)劃航線上。Sail on the scheduled route.2.2.1. 航線的設(shè)計(jì)，只要安全可行，應(yīng)盡量靠近本船航行的右側(cè)水道或航道的外緣。If it is safe, designed route should close to the right waterway of own ship or waterways outer edge.2.2.2. 選用大比例尺海圖，進(jìn)入該海區(qū)航段之前，二副應(yīng)將海圖改正到最近、最新。Large scale chart should be used. Before entering into this maritime

6、zone, second officer should amend the chart to the latest, up to date edition.2.2.3. 為了隨時(shí)查驗(yàn)本船是否行駛在計(jì)劃航線上，采用的導(dǎo)航方法有浮標(biāo)導(dǎo)航、岸標(biāo)導(dǎo)航、單標(biāo)方位導(dǎo)航等。For checking if ship is on the scheduled route, buoy navigation, landmark navigation, single mark navigation should be used as navigation way.2.2.4. 為防止船舶相對(duì)于計(jì)劃航線偏離過(guò)遠(yuǎn)而發(fā)生危險(xiǎn)

7、的避險(xiǎn)法，可用物標(biāo)方位線避險(xiǎn)法、距離圈避險(xiǎn)法等。To prevent ship deviate from scheduled route too much to be in dangerous, object bearing line avoiding dangerous, distance circle avoiding dangerous should be used.2.2.5. 準(zhǔn)確掌握轉(zhuǎn)向點(diǎn)根據(jù)船舶所受風(fēng)、流情況，正確選擇轉(zhuǎn)向依據(jù)的轉(zhuǎn)向時(shí)的船位，按所處的地理環(huán)境的彎勢(shì)等適當(dāng)用車用舵，使船駛于新的航線上。Accurately mastery the turn point based o

8、n the bearing wind and current, use engine and helm appropriately based on geographical bend and make the ship sail in new route.3. 狹水道中操船時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)Guidelines for maneuvering in narrow channel3.1. 隨時(shí)確認(rèn)船位，注意是否偏離航線。大風(fēng)浪、急流中的航道浮標(biāo)時(shí)有移位的可能，用來(lái)導(dǎo)航時(shí)應(yīng)多方參照而不可盲目相信。Check vessels position momentarily and heed deviation

9、 or not. Because the buoy in rushing current waterway in high wind and wave maybe move, Don not depend on buoy signs categorically. Should find more information to navigate as reference.3.2. 根據(jù)情況需要適時(shí)備車，作好拋錨準(zhǔn)備，必要時(shí)需不間斷測(cè)深。Navigate with the standing by engine and make two anchors ready if needed. If nec

10、essary, incessantly measure.3.3. 通過(guò)淺灘或呷角時(shí)，不可作不必要的靠近或?yàn)榱素潏D近便而走切角的路線，并應(yīng)估計(jì)船舶富余水深不足時(shí)，最好選滿潮時(shí)通過(guò)，必要時(shí)應(yīng)降速航行以減少尾傾，盡量避免在該水域追越他船。When cross shoal, should not unnecessarily approach it. If estimated draft margin in not enough, should pass it in full tide. If necessary, should reduce speed to decrease squatting. N

11、o overtaking in narrow channel.3.4. 在轉(zhuǎn)向時(shí)，須估計(jì)到船舶的旋回圈及船舶在旋回過(guò)程中所受到水流的影響。When turn, should estimate the turn circle and influence by current during turning.3.5. 通過(guò)潮流比較強(qiáng)的水道時(shí)，應(yīng)選好視程良好、交通量較少時(shí)平流時(shí)通過(guò)，以免陷入被動(dòng)局面。When pass channel with strong tide and current, should pass with good visibility and light traffic to

12、avoid being trapped in passive position.3.6. 夜間或霧中駛于狹水道時(shí)，因視線較差應(yīng)兼用雷達(dá)進(jìn)行了望，盡可能給出有關(guān)碰撞危險(xiǎn)的信息并將其顯示出來(lái)，但仍應(yīng)在確認(rèn)附近實(shí)際情況之后才可進(jìn)行避讓操縱。When navigate in narrow channel at night or in fog, should use radar to help look out due to poor visibility. Possibly find the information related to collide and display them out. Bu

13、t should steer for keeping clear only after confirm actual situation nearby.3.7. 遇下霧或能見度不佳，不能很好辨清陸地上的物標(biāo)，或?qū)叫械貐^(qū)的情況感到?jīng)]有把握時(shí)，應(yīng)立即拋錨。In fog or poor visibility, If landmark can not be checked clearly or there in no confidence for the situation of navigating water area, should drop anchor immediately.3.8. 在

14、水流急湍的狹窄水道中航行，應(yīng)盡量避免與它船在急轉(zhuǎn)彎的地方相遇。In narrow channel with rushing current, possibly avoid meeting with other ship in hairpin turn.3.9. 在狹水道航行時(shí)，要注意會(huì)產(chǎn)生一種“岸吸”，當(dāng)二船過(guò)份接近時(shí)，也會(huì)發(fā)生“船吸”的現(xiàn)象。During sailing in narrow channel, pay attention to bank suction, when two ships approach, pay attention ship suction3.10. 狹水道航行

15、中交接班，特別是夜間或視程不良時(shí)，接班駕駛員應(yīng)提前上駕駛臺(tái)，查閱海圖，熟悉該航段的所有海區(qū)情況，并適應(yīng)燈光背景，交班駕駛員應(yīng)將當(dāng)時(shí)所有觀察到的情況詳盡地介紹，在追越或轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)，不準(zhǔn)交接班。Handing/taking over duty during sailing in narrow channel, especially at night or poor visibility, taking over duty officer should arrive in bridge in advance, check chart, know well the condition of this le

16、g, adapt to light background. Handing over duty officer should introduce all the information observed to taking over duty officer. No handing/taking duty when overtaking or turning.4. 狹水道機(jī)艙操車注意事項(xiàng)Guidelines for engine in narrow channel4.1. 船舶在狹窄水道中航行，由于船舶經(jīng)常變向機(jī)動(dòng)操車，負(fù)荷變化大，動(dòng)力裝置工況隨之改變。要求人員和設(shè)備進(jìn)入備車狀態(tài)，注意動(dòng)力裝置

17、各種參數(shù)的變化，及時(shí)調(diào)整，嚴(yán)禁主機(jī)在超負(fù)荷狀況下和“臨界轉(zhuǎn)速”范圍內(nèi)工作，保證動(dòng)力裝置始終工作正常。同時(shí)注意車鐘記錄正確。In navigation in narrow channel, because ship need maneuvering, load often changes, the work condition of power equipment change accordingly. Need crew and set in stand by state, heed the change of parameter of power equipment, adjust in t

18、ime. It is prohibited that main engine work in overload and in critical revolution. Ensure power equipment work in normal condition and accurately fill in engine telegraph.4.2. 注意主機(jī)如下參數(shù)：各缸排煙溫度及冷卻淡水出口溫度；滑油進(jìn)機(jī)壓力、溫度；主軸承及推力軸承滑油溫度；主機(jī)燃油壓力及燃油溫度；透平轉(zhuǎn)速、掃氣壓力、掃氣溫度。Heeding the following parameters- Exhaust temper

19、atures of cylinder heads and inlet/outlet temperatures of cooling fresh water-Pressure and temperature of inlet LO-LO temperature of main bearings and thrust bearings-FO pressure and temperature of main engine-T/C RPM, scavenging pressure, scavenging temperature4.3. 檢查主機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)有無(wú)異響.Check the main engine

20、 on working for any abnormal noise.4.4. 檢查和確認(rèn)主機(jī)機(jī)旁操車位置轉(zhuǎn)換、操縱設(shè)施良好，方法熟練，人員落實(shí)，特別要對(duì)控制空氣系統(tǒng)的檢查，定時(shí)放殘水。Check and confirm operation the change-over function of the main engine local operation and operational accessory equipments in good order, ways skilled, crew putting into effect. Especially check air contro

21、l system and drain residual water at regular time.4.5. 巡查為主機(jī)服務(wù)的各種泵浦運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)正常。Patrol and inspect the working pumps for main engine in good order.4.6. 主、副機(jī)燃油日用柜、燃油沉淀柜、壓縮空氣瓶等要加強(qiáng)放殘水。Fuel oil service tanks for main/auxiliary engines, fuel oil settling tanks, compressed air bottles should be drained residual water more frequently.4.7. 注意副機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)工況、滑油油位，進(jìn)機(jī)壓力，溫度等。保持足夠的功率儲(chǔ)備，必要時(shí)增加一臺(tái)副機(jī)運(yùn)行。Heed the work condition of auxiliary engine running, LO level, inlet pressure and temperature. Keep enough power reserve. If necessary, parallel another auxiliary