地質(zhì)學(xué)常用中英文詞匯對照表按章節(jié)

1、闡述expo un d(expla in), state硬質(zhì)巖strong rock, film引入in troduce into軟質(zhì)巖weak rock相應(yīng)的corresp onding硬質(zhì)的compete nt概念con cepti on軟質(zhì)的in compete nt概論overview甘屮 基巖bedrock概率probability覆蓋層overburde n概念化con ceptualize交錯層理cross beddi ng宏觀的macroscopic層面bedd ing pla ne補(bǔ)充compleme nt片理schistosity規(guī)劃pla n層理bedd ing證明dem

2、 on strate, certify, attest波痕ripple-mark證實con firmati on泥痕mud crack補(bǔ)償compe nsate, make up, imburse雨痕rain drop impri nts組合式comb ined type造巖礦物rock-formi ng min erals相互作用in teractio n粘土礦物clay mi neral穩(wěn)定性評價stability evaluati on高嶺土kaoli nite均質(zhì)性homoge neity蒙脫石mon tmorillo nite介質(zhì)medium伊利石illite層layer, stra

3、tum云母mica白云母muscovite1地形地貌geographic and geomorphic黑云母biotite地形land form石英quartz地貌geomorphology, relief長石feldspar地貌單元Ian dform un it, geomorphic un it正長石orthoclase坡度grade斜長石plagioclase地形圖relief map輝石pyroxe ne, picrite河谷river valley角閃石horn ble nde河道river course方解石calcite河床river bed(cha nn el)構(gòu)造struct

4、ure沖溝gully, gulley, erosion gully,結(jié)構(gòu)texturestream(brook)組構(gòu)fabric(tissue)河漫灘floodpla in( valley flat)礦物組成min eral compositi on階地terrace產(chǎn)狀attitude沖積平原alluvial plain火成巖ign eous三角洲delta巖漿巖magmatic rock古河道fossil river course, fossil stream火山巖（熔巖）lavacha nnel火山volca no沖積扇alluvial fan侵入巖in trusive(i nvade)

5、 rock洪積扇diluvial fan噴出巖effusive rock分水嶺divide深成巖plut onic rock盆地basin淺成巖pypabysal rock巖溶地貌karst land feature, karst Ian dform酸性巖acid rock溶洞soluti on cave, karst cave中性巖in ter-mediate rock2地層巖性基性巖basic rock地層geostrome (stratum, strata)超基性巖ultrabasic rock巖性lithologic character, rock5甘 巖基rock base (bat

6、holith)property巖脈（墻）dike巖層bed stratum巖墻rock dike巖層layer, rock stratum巖床rock sill母巖matrix, pare nt rock巖脈vein dyke相變facies cha nge花崗巖granite流紋巖rhyolite沖積的alluvial閃長巖diorite洪積物（層）proluvium, diluvium, diluvi on輝長巖gabbro洪積的diluvial-rx i-JU 玄武巖basalt冰川沉積物（層）' glacier (drift)deposits橄欖巖du nite崩積物（層）co

7、lluvial deposits, colluvium火山角礫巖vulca nic breccia殘積粘土residual clay火山集塊巖volca nic agglomerate變質(zhì)巖metamorphic rock凝灰?guī)rtuff板巖slate沉積巖sedime ntary rock千枚巖phyllite碎屑巖clastic rockI 匚 u_r片巖schist粘土巖clay rock片麻巖gn eiss粉砂質(zhì)粘土巖silty clayst one石英巖quartzite化學(xué)巖chemical rock大理巖marble生物巖biolith3地質(zhì)構(gòu)造礫巖con glomerate地質(zhì)構(gòu)

8、造geologic structure角礫巖breccia大地構(gòu)造geotect onic砂巖san dst one構(gòu)造運動tectoge nesis石英砂巖quartz san dst one造山運動oroge ny粉砂巖siltst one升降運動vertical moveme nt鈣質(zhì)粉砂巖calcareous siltst one水平運動horiz on tal moveme nt泥巖mudst one完整性perfect ion (i ntegrity)頁巖shale產(chǎn)狀要素eleme nts of attitude鹽巖saline產(chǎn)狀attitude, orie ntatio n石

9、灰?guī)rlimesto ne走向strike白云巖dolomite傾向dip泥灰?guī)rmarl傾角dip an gle, an gle of dip泥鈣巖argillo-calcareous褶皺fold泥砂巖argillo-are naceous褶曲fold砂質(zhì)arenaceous單斜mono cli ne泥質(zhì)argillaceous向斜syn cli ne硅質(zhì)的siliceous背斜an ticli ne有機(jī)質(zhì)orga nic matter穹隆dome粗粒coarse grain擠壓squeeze中粒medium-grai ned上盤upper sect ion沉積物sedime nt (depos

10、it)下盤bottom wall, footwall, lower漂石、頑石boulderwall卵石cobble斷距separati on礫石gravel相交in tersect砂sand斷層fault粉土silt正斷層no rmal fault粘土clay逆斷層reversed fault粘粒clay grain平移斷層parallel fault砂質(zhì)粘土sandy clay層理bedd ing, stratificatio n粘質(zhì)砂土clayey sand地塹grabe n壤土、亞粘土loam地壘horst, fault ridge砂壤土、亞砂土輕亞粘土sa ndy loam斷層泥gou

11、ge, pug, selvage, fault gouge浮土、表土regolith (topsoil)擦痕stria, striati on軟泥ooze斷裂fracture淤泥mire, oozed mud, sludge, warp破碎帶fracture zoneclay節(jié)理joi nt沖積物（層）alluvio n節(jié)理組joint set裂隙fissure, crack方解石脈calcite vein微裂隙fine fissure, microscopic fissure碎塊巖clastic rock原生裂隙origi nal jo int角礫breccia次生裂隙epige netic

12、 joint巖粉rock powder張裂隙tension joint巖屑debris, debry剪裂隙shear joint固結(jié)con solidati on卸荷裂隙relief crack碎裂結(jié)構(gòu)cataclastic texture4水文地質(zhì)條件hydrogeological conditions板狀結(jié)構(gòu)platy structure大氣圈atmosphere薄板狀lamellose水圈hydrosphere塊狀的lumpy, massive巖石圈geosphere層狀的lam inated地表徑流surface runoff巨厚層gia nt thick-lam in ated地下徑

13、流subsurface runoff薄層狀的fin ely lam in ated流域valley, drain age bas in軟弱夾層weak in tercalated layer流域面積drain age area, river bas in area夾層in ter beddi ng.匯水面積catchme nt areain tercalated bed, in terlayer, in termediate地下水ground water, subsurface waterlayer地表水surface water夾泥層clayey in tercalati on大氣水a(chǎn)tmo

14、spheric water夾泥in ter-clay氣態(tài)水a(chǎn)queous (vapour) water連通性conn ectivity液態(tài)水liquid water切層in seque nt固態(tài)水solid water影響帶affect ing zone吸著水hygroscopic (adsorptive) water完整性in tegrityn.介質(zhì)mediumIn tegratev. & a.空隙voiddegree of in tegrality孔隙水壓力pore water pressure破碎crumble靜水壓力hydrostatic pressure膠結(jié)ceme nt外靜

15、水壓力exter nal hydrostatic pressure泥化argillizati on動水壓力hydrody namic pressure尖火taper-out滲透力seepage pressure錯動diastrophism外水壓力exter nal water pressure錯動層面faulted beddi ng pla ne內(nèi)水壓力in ternal water pressure斷續(xù)的in termitte nt水位water level, stage level共軛節(jié)理conjugated joint水頭water head透鏡狀的len s-shapeda.含水層aq

16、uifer巖屑cutt in gs, debris透水層permeable layer, pervious layer薄膜membra ne, film不透水層(隔水層) aquifuge, impervious layer,層理stratificati onimpermeablelayer,高角度high dip an gleaquiclude緩傾角low dip an gle反傾an ti-dip地下分水嶺gro un dwater ridge互層in terbedv.孔隙水pore waterIn terbeddi ngn.裂隙水fissure water粒徑particle size巖

17、溶水karstic water構(gòu)造層tect ono sphere結(jié)合水bound water, comb ined water擠壓compressi on吸著水hydroscopic water均一的homoge neous薄膜水pellicular water致密close, compact毛細(xì)水capillary water構(gòu)造巖tecto nite重力水gravitati onal water糜棱巖myl on ite凝結(jié)水conden sati on water斷層角礫巖fault breccia地 下水埋 藏條件 condition of groundwateroccurre ne

18、e可靠性檢杳reliability check ing地下水埋藏深度 depth of groundwater監(jiān)控模型monitoring and predicoccurre neemodel壓水試驗packer permeability test監(jiān)測mon itori ng5 工程勘察 engineering investigation資料datum, data勘測可靠性reliabilitysurvey穩(wěn)定性stability勘察階段in vestigati onal stage安全safety初步設(shè)計primary desig n評估evaluati on, appraise初步規(guī)劃pr

19、elim inary scheme評定assessme nt, assess, rate初步勘探prelim inary prospect ing評價準(zhǔn)則criteri on初步踏勘ground reconn aissa nee災(zāi)害hazard, calamity可行性研究階段feasibility stage確定性方法論Determ ini stic methodology初步設(shè)計階段prelim inary stage應(yīng)急行動計劃EAP(emerge ncy actio n pla n)踏勘reconn aissa nee, in specti on事故accide nt地質(zhì)測繪geological survey靜力(Static Analysis )工程地質(zhì)測繪engin eeri nggeological動力(Dynamic Analysis )mapp ingEvide ntly明顯的鉆探borehole operati on, bori ngCorresp ondin glyadv.相應(yīng)地；相關(guān)地；相物探geophysical explorati on地洞探expl