小學(xué)英語-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

1、文檔收集于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，已重新整理排版.word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持.新概念英語語法串講一一現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)指的是過去發(fā)生并且已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果，過去某一時(shí)間開始并 一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且有可能還會(huì)持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1.過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作到目前為止這個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。如：1）工have finished my homework.我做完家庭作業(yè)了。（過去某時(shí)開始做，到現(xiàn)在已完成）2） He has already come他已經(jīng)來了。（過去某時(shí)開始離開某地到這來，現(xiàn)在已在這。）2.表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去并延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。如：1） I have stud

2、ied English for six years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了六年英語了。（六年前開始學(xué)英語，一直學(xué)到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)學(xué)也可能就此不學(xué)了。）2）工 have lived in Shenyang since 1990.我從 1990 年就在沈陽住。（從1990年開始住在沈陽一直住到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)住也可能就此為止。）二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)1）肯定式：主語+ have / has +過去分詞2）否定式：主語+ have / has + not +過去分詞3） 一般疑問式Have / Has +主語+過去分詞4）特殊疑問式特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常

3、用的時(shí)間狀語包括''already, yet,ever, etc"。例如： We have learned about 3000 English words by the end of this term.到上學(xué)期末我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了 3000個(gè)英語單詞。注意:1文檔來源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word版本可編輯.文檔收集于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，已重新整理排版.word版本可編輯.歡迎下載支持.1）當(dāng)表示一段時(shí)間，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用for或since引導(dǎo)的狀語。例如：I've known Li Li for 4 years.我認(rèn)識(shí)麗麗已經(jīng)4年了。1 have worked here s

4、ince 8 years ago.自從 8 年前我就在這工作。2）當(dāng)在肯定陳述句中含有already或just時(shí)，在轉(zhuǎn)換成否定句時(shí)，要把句中的already或just 去掉，在句末加上yet。例如：I have already seen the film.I haven't seen the film yet.He has just come.He hasn't come yet.注意：for和since的用法。for+時(shí)段為時(shí)間since+過去一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)（譯為：自從以來） since+時(shí)段+agosince+從句（過去時(shí)）It is+時(shí)段+since+從句（過去時(shí)）四、過去分

5、詞變化規(guī)則如下：1、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。四點(diǎn)變 化規(guī)則：（1）一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾直接加“ed”。workworkedworked ,visitvisitedvisited（2）以“ e ”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只在詞尾加“ d live-lived-lived ,（3）以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將"y"變?yōu)榧祝偌印癳d”。studystudied-studied ,crycriedcried（4）重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加“ ed ”。stop stopped stopped , drop dr

6、opped-dropped2、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞變化需參看不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表逐一熟記。例如；cut-cut-cut,hit- hit- hit.五、使用時(shí)注意事項(xiàng)文檔收集于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，已重新整理排版,word版本可編輯,歡迎下載支持.l.nhave/ has got M形式上是一種完成時(shí)，但和have/has為同一意思"有“。例如：Have you got pen-friends? Yes, I have.你有筆友嗎？是的，我有。Has he got a lot of work to do? Noz he hasn t.他有許多工作要做嗎？不，他沒有。2. have/has gone to 、 hav

7、e/has been to 和 have/has been in 的區(qū)另限have/has gone to去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人還未回來have/ has been to曾經(jīng)去過，人已經(jīng)回來了have/ has been in已經(jīng)在，常與一段時(shí)間連用He has been to Shenyang before.他以前曾去過沈陽。He has been in Shenyang for ten years.他在沈陽 10 年了。Has he gone to Shenyang?他去沈陽了嗎？3. have/ has been to 常和 once, twice, never, ever 連

8、用；have/ has gone to 則不可。例如：一Has Tom ever been to Paris?湯姆去過巴黎嗎？Yes, hes been there many times.是的，他去過好幾次了。一Where have they gone?他們?nèi)ツ睦锪?？Theyve gone to Shenyang.他們?nèi)ド蜿柫恕?. 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（或稱作終止性動(dòng)詞）不能用”現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+表示一段時(shí)間的狀語”的句型中。這類動(dòng)詞有：come, 9。，start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop 等。但它們能夠 用表示持續(xù)狀態(tài)的相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

9、替換句中的終止性動(dòng)詞。arrive, come - be here, be inbuy 一 havebegin, start f be ondie - be dead1文檔來源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word版本可編輯.文檔收集于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，已重新整理排版.word版本可編輯,歡迎下載支持.get up f be upgo out be outfinish/end f be overclose - be closedleave, move f be away：borrow-keepopen - be openjoin be a member of六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語連用，如al

10、ready （肯定），yet （否定，疑問）, just, before, recently,still, lately,never 等.例如：He has already finished the work.典型例題 1: His father the party since 1978A.joind B.has joined C.was in D.has been in解析：本題考查學(xué)生對(duì)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的熟練掌握。since 1978表達(dá)“自從1978年一直到現(xiàn)在”， 表示這件事情從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而且動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，AB均為 瞬間動(dòng)詞，不能與時(shí)間段連用，故排除；C為

11、一般過去時(shí)，也不行。答案；D.要牢記：一般過去時(shí)通常與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如：yesterday, last week , two years ago Just now ,in 2002 等;而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常與 just ,already ,ever ,never 等副詞和 these days ,this week ,since .,for.等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，而一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系，只是說明某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是在過去。典型例題 2： you your homework yet ?Yes . I it a moment ago

12、.A.Did ； do ； finished B.Have ； done ； finished C. Have ; done ; have finished解析：本題考查一般過去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法區(qū)別。問句中的yet表明應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而 回答中的a moment ago是一個(gè)表示過去的時(shí)間狀語，應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。答案：B附表：動(dòng)詞過去式一一過去分詞1、AAA型（原形、過去式和過去分詞同形）：cost cost costcut cut cut let let letput put putread read read2、ABB型（過去式與過去分詞同形）：bring brought broug

13、htbuild built built1文檔來源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word版本可編例.文檔收集于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，已重新整理排版.word版本可編輯,歡迎下載支持.buyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtdigdugdugfeelfeltfeltfindfoundfoundgetgotgothavehadhadhearheardheardholdheldheldkeepkeptkeptX lean】learnt learntleaveleftleftlendlentlentmakemademademeetmetmetpaypaidpaidsaysaid saidsellsold

14、soldsendsentsentshineshoneshonesitsat satsleepsleptsleptX smell smelt smeltspendspentspentstandstoodstoodteachtaught taughttelltoldtoldthinkthought thoughtunderstandunderstoodunderstood3、ABC型（原形、過去式和過去分詞各異）：bewas/werebeenbeginbegain begunblowblewblownbreakbroke brokendodiddonedrawdrewdrawndrinkdrank

15、drunkdrivedrovedriveneatate eatenfallfellfallenflyflewflownforgetforgotforgottengivegavegivengo wentgonegrowgrewgrownknowknewknownlielay Lainrideroderiddenringrangrungseesawseenshowshowedshownsingsangsungspeakspokespokenswimswamswumtaketooktakenthrowthrew thrownwakewokewokenwearworewornwritewrotewri

16、tten4、ABA型（原形與過去分詞同形）：become became become come came come5、AAB型（原形與過去式同形）：beat beat beaten現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)一、選擇填空1. Kates never seen Chinese films, ?A. hasn't she B. has she C. isnft she b. is she2. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?-you your homework yet?1文檔來源為:從網(wǎng)絡(luò)收集整理.word版本可編例.文檔收集于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，已重新整理排版.wor

17、d版本可編輯,歡迎下載支持.A. bo； finish B. Are： finishing C. bid； finish b. Have； finished3. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice he came to Yunnan.A. after B. before C. since b. for4. Tom the CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought b. has had5.1 a letter from him since he left.A

18、. didn/t receive B. haven t got C. didn't have b. havent heard6. -Have you ever Beijing ? -Yes, I have.A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to7. My parents Shandong for ten years.A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to b. have been1.1 wont go to the concert because I my ticket.A. los

19、t B. don't lose C. have lost b. is coming9. -Where is Mr Liu? - He the library.A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in b.has went10. We came to Shanghai three years ago, so we here for two years.A. have been toB. have been in C. have beenb. have gone11. - How long you your exam paper? - Abo

20、ut three months.A. did； buy B. have； get C. have； had b. have； bought12. He tells me he China for over eight years.A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to13. His parents for more than 3 years.A. have come here B. have started to workC. have lived there b. have left the university14.

21、 I a letter from him since he left.A. didn't receive B. haven11 got C. didn't have D. haven11 heard15. Where have you these days?I have to Dalian with my friends.A. been； gone B been； been C. gone； been D. gone； gone16. How long have you this book?A. bought B. borrowed C. had D. lent17. Wher

22、e's Peter? He to Nanjing.A. is going B. has been C. has gone D. went18. We have lived here five years ago.A. when B. since C. before b. after19. I have watched the game. When you it?A. have； watched B. do； watch C. did； watch b. will； watch20. Miss Brown to the Great Wall twice.A. have been B. h

23、as been C have gone b. has gone二.用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. I already(see) the film. I(see) it last week.2. he(finish) his work yet? Not yet.3. you(be) to Hong Kong? Yes, I(be) there twice.4. you ever(eat ) chocolate? No, never.5. My father just(come) back from work. He is tired now.6. Where's Li Ming? He（go）

24、 to the teacher office.7.1（work） here since I（move） here in 1999.8. How long the Wangs（stay） here ?For two weeks.三.句型轉(zhuǎn)換（每空一詞）1.1 have been to Macau before.（改為否定句）I been to Macau before.2. He hasn't come to school because he's ill.（就劃線部分提問）he come to school?S+cve： Again? She already to the cinema three times this week.五、用for或since填空。1. Jill has been in Ireland Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland three days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there