浙江高考英語：專題五書面表達(dá)1.11靚化詞匯——學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用高級(jí)表達(dá)Word版含答案

1、高中英語講義好好努力夢(mèng)想早晚會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)-12 -DI SAN BAN HUAI書面表達(dá)書面表達(dá)是高考浙江卷的重要試題。本板塊精研真題，引領(lǐng)考向；高考真題感悟與模擬0新江卷3年考情分析年份考查點(diǎn)詞數(shù)考綱解讀2019.6弟干感謝信80左右浙江屬于高考綜合 改革實(shí)驗(yàn)省份，實(shí)彳L年 兩考。依據(jù)普通局等學(xué) 校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試英 語科考試說明（高考綜合 改革試驗(yàn)省份試用第一 版）可知，2016年10月 份開始的浙江英語新高 考與自主命題的浙江卷 寫作部分發(fā)生了重大變 化。其變化就是由原來的 短文改錯(cuò)和書面表達(dá)變 成了應(yīng)用文寫作和讀后 續(xù)寫或概要寫作兩篇作 文。第一篇是應(yīng)用文寫 作。此題型對(duì)于考生來說 并不陌生

2、，因?yàn)槲覀冊(cè)谄降贔概要與作60左右2018.11弟干求助信80左右第F概要與作60左右2018.6弟干文信80左右第F讀后續(xù)寫150左右2017.11弟干邀請(qǐng)信80左右第F讀后續(xù)寫150左右2017.6弟干邀請(qǐng)信80左右第二節(jié)讀后續(xù)寫150左右常的學(xué)習(xí)中經(jīng)常接觸到 這方圓的內(nèi)谷。常考的應(yīng) 用義有：書信、日記、海 報(bào)、倡議書、電子郵件、 發(fā)言稿、感謝信、建議信、 求職信、推薦信、自薦信、 邀請(qǐng)信、申請(qǐng)書、通知、 招聘、請(qǐng)假條、留言條、 啟事、歡迎詞、歡送詞、 告別詞和廣告等?？v觀近 幾年的高考題，信件居 多。第二篇是讀后續(xù)寫 或概要寫作?？荚囌f明 上明確表示：“兩種形式 在不同考次不定期交替 使

3、用”。進(jìn)入二輪復(fù)習(xí)，如果想讓作文在短時(shí)期內(nèi)有一個(gè)質(zhì)的飛躍，編者認(rèn)為，那只是一個(gè)美好 的憧憬而已。寫作是一個(gè)人語言基本素養(yǎng)的流露，是綜合能力的顯現(xiàn)，非一朝一夕之功，但 這并不等于寫作水平已定型，無提升空間。因?yàn)橛⒄Z寫作的能力要求遠(yuǎn)低于漢語寫作的能力 要求，如果針對(duì)自己的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)訓(xùn)練得當(dāng)、措施得力，是完全能夠在短期內(nèi)提升一個(gè)檔次的。層級(jí)一審題準(zhǔn)，表達(dá)清高考作文閱卷，時(shí)間緊、任務(wù)重，一篇作文往往在一分鐘內(nèi)被判“生死”。要想贏得高分，首先要贏得閱卷老師的“印象分”。審題偏頗、錯(cuò)誤百出的作文會(huì)讓閱卷老師大倒胃口， 閱卷老師會(huì)毫不憐憫地將其打入低分冷宮。所以，寫作要想取得高分，先要把寫作基礎(chǔ)抓穩(wěn)。一、準(zhǔn)審

4、題一一為寫作定好基調(diào)審題是寫作的前提，是一篇書面表達(dá)成功的關(guān)鍵所在。審題正確可以保證得到基本分， 所以真正開始寫作前，必須花相當(dāng)一部分時(shí)間做寫前閱讀、思考等準(zhǔn)備工作，具體包含以下 幾方面：審體裁根據(jù)情景提示2fc要弄清寫何種體裁的文章審格式日記、便條、書信、通知等格式審結(jié)構(gòu)明確開頭、正文和結(jié)尾的主要內(nèi)容，定好段落審內(nèi)容弄清哪些是寫作重點(diǎn)，哪些要略寫，并注意內(nèi)容的連貫性審人稱和時(shí)態(tài)弄清書面表達(dá)要用何種人稱并根據(jù)材料確定短文的基本時(shí)態(tài)“提綱類作文”之審題典例（2019全國(guó)卷n ）假定你是校排球隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)李華。請(qǐng)寫封郵件告知你的隊(duì)友Chris球隊(duì)近期將參加比賽，內(nèi)容包括：1 .比賽信息；2 .賽前準(zhǔn)備；

5、3 .表達(dá)期待。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。審題提綱類作文的審題要點(diǎn)：要注意合理組織要點(diǎn)，將題干中的要點(diǎn)和所給提綱中的 要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行有機(jī)地結(jié)合，切記不要遺漏題干中的重要信息。分析告知信人稱A人稱為主時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般將來時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)與內(nèi)容第一段告知隊(duì)友比賽信息第二段賽前準(zhǔn)備第三段表達(dá)期望參考范文Dear Chris,Are you excited about our coming volleyball game against Yucai Middle School next Friday? Here I ' d like to inform you of s

6、ome detailed information so that you can make full preparations for it.First and foremost, the competition to be held in our school stadium will begin at 2 pm and last for roughly 3 hours. So significant is the game that it is required that everyone should present themselves punctually. Further, it

7、is necessary for you to take a good rest, which will provide enough energy for you. To sum up, I wish you could live up to the expectations of our school. And I firmly believe hard work will pay off!Looking forward to our victory!Yours truly ,Li Hua 二、準(zhǔn)表達(dá)一一把內(nèi)容表達(dá)清楚寫作中一旦出現(xiàn)較多錯(cuò)誤，會(huì)導(dǎo)致語意不清、表達(dá)不明，閱卷老師潛意識(shí)中會(huì)認(rèn)為

8、該考 生基本功較差、能力較弱，給閱卷老師留下這樣的印象，作文有可能要比想象中的低一檔。 寫作中考生常犯兩類錯(cuò)誤：一是慣性錯(cuò)誤，就是考生在不經(jīng)意間習(xí)慣性犯的錯(cuò)誤，這類錯(cuò)誤 不但常犯而且還是閱卷老師比較敏感的錯(cuò)誤，一旦出現(xiàn)這類錯(cuò)誤，往往會(huì)被“放大”；另一 類就是由于使用高級(jí)表達(dá)而導(dǎo)致的錯(cuò)誤。(一)慣性錯(cuò)誤要避免1 .動(dòng)詞類錯(cuò)誤動(dòng)詞的種類有很多，從不同角度可分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，也可分 為謂語動(dòng)詞和非謂語動(dòng)詞等。(1)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。寫作中常出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤有：及物動(dòng)詞后加 了介詞；不及物動(dòng)詞后少了介詞。(2)系動(dòng)詞be在寫作中非常活躍，但要用好be動(dòng)詞卻不是一件容

9、易的事。常見錯(cuò)誤有：不及物動(dòng)詞用be動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成了被動(dòng)語態(tài)；該含有be動(dòng)詞的句子出現(xiàn)遺漏be動(dòng)詞的情況。(3)助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)作謂語，寫作中常見錯(cuò)誤主要是倒裝句中少用了助動(dòng)詞或 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。(4)謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的誤用是考生最易出錯(cuò)的地方。需注意：謂語動(dòng)詞作謂語，包 括時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、主謂一致、虛擬語氣；非謂語動(dòng)詞可作除謂語以外的其他成分。2 .并列連詞與從句引導(dǎo)詞類錯(cuò)誤并列連詞與從句引導(dǎo)詞是考生容易出錯(cuò)的地方，下面主要介紹常見的一些錯(cuò)誤類型。(1)考生易受漢語干擾導(dǎo)致狀語從句中從屬連詞的重復(fù)使用。例如漢語中可以說“因 為所以”和“雖然但是”，但在英語中用一個(gè)連詞即可表示，用了though/

10、although ,就不能再用 but;用了 because,就不能再用 so, therefore 等詞。(2)寫作中經(jīng)常用同位語從句給文章增添色彩，但是引導(dǎo)詞that的缺失卻令這種色彩暗淡了不少。(3)表語從句的一個(gè)易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)是高級(jí)表達(dá)The reason why.was that中that的誤用，考生容易誤用 because（4）非限制性定語從句中誤用that在作文中經(jīng)常會(huì)見到，用 which表示人的狀況也是屢見不鮮。（二）高級(jí)表達(dá)中出現(xiàn)低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤太遺憾在閱卷中，閱卷老師常為這樣一類卷搖頭嘆息，無論是從要點(diǎn)的呈現(xiàn)、表達(dá)的優(yōu)美還是 銜接的順暢等方面來看該類卷都近乎完美，應(yīng)該給高分甚至滿分，但偏偏

11、有幾處瑕疵給本應(yīng) 完美的習(xí)作徒添了些許不和諧的音符，甚至有點(diǎn)刺眼，從而影響了閱卷老師的好心情。閱卷 老師為了穩(wěn)妥起見，在閱卷中盡量避免爭(zhēng)議卷的出現(xiàn)，會(huì)“惋惜”地扣掉一些分?jǐn)?shù)。因“低 級(jí)錯(cuò)誤”而影響高級(jí)得分，豈不遺憾！層級(jí)二低檔作文如何升級(jí)為五檔作文，策略告訴你書面表達(dá)得分較低的學(xué)生的寫作特點(diǎn)：1.只使用簡(jiǎn)單的詞或短語；2.句式單一，單句較多；3.缺乏承上啟下的詞語和句子；4.不會(huì)使用從句；5.不會(huì)正確運(yùn)用謂語動(dòng)詞或短語；6.不會(huì)使用倒裝和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。高考書面表達(dá)側(cè)重考查考生的語言運(yùn)用能力，這就要求考生能夠正確運(yùn)用高級(jí)的詞匯和 語法結(jié)構(gòu)并能夠熟練運(yùn)用句與句之間的連接成分以使行文流暢。因此，平時(shí)的寫

12、作訓(xùn)練中，要學(xué)會(huì)恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用高級(jí)句式和過渡語，使文章“閃亮登場(chǎng)”。第一講靚化詞匯學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用高級(jí)表達(dá)英語書面表達(dá)第五檔作文中提到：語法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯(cuò)誤，但為盡力使用較復(fù) 雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致。換句話說，如果考生使用高級(jí)詞匯或句型，即使犯了少量或輕微 的語言錯(cuò)誤，也可不扣分，文章還是屬于最高檔次。因此，為了讓文章檔次高，首先要學(xué)會(huì) 使用高級(jí)詞匯。高級(jí)詞匯的使用能夠給文章增添色彩和畫面感。它會(huì)大大提升文章的檔次，從而幫助考 生獲得高分。要做到準(zhǔn)確使用高級(jí)詞匯，應(yīng)該注意以下幾個(gè)方面：一、使用亮點(diǎn)詞匯的 4種策略策略1"語"眾不同，避免人云亦云寫作時(shí)恰當(dāng)?shù)皿w地使用別人可能想不到

13、的詞匯或表達(dá)，會(huì)給閱卷老師耳目一新的感覺。（2019 北京卷書面表達(dá)）I ' mery glad to know that you ' re coming to tour in China.f I' m more than delighted to know that you ' re coming to tour in China.（2019 全國(guó)卷 I 書面表達(dá)）I hope you can consider my application and allow me to be a volunteer.f I hope you can take my appl

14、ication into consideration and allow me to be a volunteer.（2019 全國(guó)卷 I 書面表達(dá)）So I can serve as a volunteer to show the visitors around the gallery and I am sure that I am fit for the job.fSo I can serve as a volunteer to show the visitors around the gallery and I am convinced that I am qualified for t

15、he job.（2019 全國(guó)卷 n 書面表達(dá)）As a result, enough preparation is urgently needed, including practice, nutrition and a perfect plan.fAs a consequence, adequate preparation is urgently needed, including practice, nutrition and a perfect plan.（2019 天津卷書面表達(dá)）I want to make my voice heard.f I feel an urge to ma

16、ke my voice heard. Only when you do more reading and writing can you succeed in improving your English. fOnly when you do more reading and writing can you make it in improving your English.To our great joy, not only are our classes lively and appealing, but our school life is also rich and colorful.

17、fTo our great joy, not only are our classes lively and attractive, but our school life is also rich and colorful.（2018 全國(guó)卷 n 書面表達(dá)）Great changes have taken place in our school in the last few years. And the news came that a short film will be shown in our school.fOur school has witnessed great change

18、s in the last few years. And word came that a short film will be shown in our school.策略2更新?lián)Q代，避免重復(fù)寫作時(shí)應(yīng)盡量避免重復(fù)使用相同的詞語，要用貼切多樣的詞語來展示自己的水平。用詞 不同、表達(dá)方式迥異，也是高級(jí)用法。（2018 天津卷書面表達(dá) ）On hearing the news, some of my classmates and I formed a group to take part in the competition. I know you once took part in a robo

19、tics competition and won the award, so you must have accumulated much experience in it.fOn hearing the news, some of my classmates and I formed a group to take part in the competition. I know you once participated in a robotics competition and won the award, so you must have accumulated much experie

20、nce in it.（2018 全國(guó)卷 ID 書面表達(dá)）Moreover , we will build a new stadium and with the stadium built , a wide range of sports events are able to be held.f Moreover , we will build a new stadium and with the stadium set up , a wide range of sports events are able to be held.（2017 全國(guó)卷 ID 書面表達(dá)）The team will h

21、old many activities , some of which will appeal to you, including many matches.fThe team will hold a range of activities , some of which will appeal to you , including many matches.策略3詞匯運(yùn)用，短語優(yōu)先當(dāng)單詞和短語表示同一個(gè)意思時(shí)，優(yōu)先使用短語。恰當(dāng)使用短語，一方面能使文章更加生動(dòng)，另一方面也能展示出學(xué)生扎實(shí)的語言功底。（2019 全國(guó)卷 I 書面表達(dá)）Besides, I know English and I

22、can express myself fluently and clearly, which helps me communicate with our distinguished guests efficiently.f Moreover, I have a good command of English and I can express myself fluently and clearly, which helps me communicate with our distinguished guests efficiently.（2019 全國(guó)卷 I 書面表達(dá)）For one thin

23、g, I know Chinese painting well, for my father is a Chinese painter.f For one thing, I am quite familiar with Chinese painting, for my father is a Chinese painter.（2018 天津卷書面表達(dá)）We desperately need your help.fWe are desperately in need of your help.（2018 北京卷書面表達(dá) ）Last week, we took the foreign studen

24、ts in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which proved to be extremely rewarding.f Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture, which turned out to be extremely rewarding.策略4用高級(jí)詞匯取代簡(jiǎn)單詞匯為了表現(xiàn)自己的語言功底，顯示出自己的寫作水平，應(yīng)避免反復(fù)使用低年級(jí)學(xué)過的簡(jiǎn)單 詞匯，盡量使用高中階

25、段學(xué)到的詞匯來代替。（2018 W匕京卷書面表達(dá) ）If you take my advice you are sure to have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.fSo long as you take my advice you are bound to have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.（2017 天津卷書面表達(dá) ）Second, I am trying my best to ac

26、quire the essential knowledge and skills concerning my position.fSecond, I am sparing no effort to acquire the essential knowledge and skills concerning my position.（3）（全國(guó)卷 m 書面表達(dá)）I should say sorry for being unable to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.f I should make an apology for b

27、eing unable to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.二、寫作的秘密武器 24個(gè)高級(jí)詞匯名詞普通詞匯高級(jí)詞匯普通詞匯高級(jí)詞匯chanceopportunitychoicealternativeideaopinionpeopleindividualresultconsequenceeffectinfluence動(dòng)詞havepossessreplacesubstitutebearput up withunderstandmake sense ofdeveloppromoteconsidertake into account形

28、容詞enoughadequaterichabundantproperappropriateimportantvital/ significantinterestingabsorbing/ appealingdifficultchallenging副詞finallyeventuallyhardlybarelyimmediatelyin a flashnowadayscurrently連詞sothereforeandas well as（2017 全國(guó)卷 I 書面表達(dá)）It is of importance for you to understand the content, Tangpoetry

29、.f It is of importance for you to make sense of the content, Tang poetry.f It is of importance for you to be aware of the content, Tang poetry.（2017 北京卷書面表達(dá)）That ' s why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.fThat s why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be

30、a better alternative In the coming three years , our school life will be difficult .f In the coming three years , our school life will be challenging .三、寫作的頂級(jí)裝備 27個(gè)加分詞匯表達(dá)關(guān)注的名詞attention, focus, concern表達(dá)爭(zhēng)論的名詞discussion, debate, argument表達(dá)現(xiàn)象的名詞phenomenon表達(dá)優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)的名詞advantage, disadvantage, strength, weakn

31、ess表達(dá)增長(zhǎng)或下降的動(dòng)詞increase, accumulate, decrease, decline表達(dá)導(dǎo)致后果的動(dòng)詞短語result in, lead to, bring about, contribute to, give rise to表送支持、反對(duì)的動(dòng)詞短語approve of, be in favor of, object to表達(dá)可能性的形容詞likely表達(dá)有好處beneficial的形容詞表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)的副詞particularly, especiallyThe picture shows a common phenomenon these days.這幅圖顯示了這些日子的一個(gè)常

32、見現(xiàn)象。The Internet has brought about many changes in the workplace.網(wǎng)絡(luò)給工作場(chǎng)所帶來了很多變化。（3）Our teacher is likely to get angry when she sees the dirty floor.我們的老師看到地面這么臟時(shí)，可能會(huì)發(fā)火?？?遺譚府工訓(xùn)煉高聯(lián)考卷a Hl能鞏固提升不I請(qǐng)用高級(jí)詞匯替換下列句子中的加黑部分1. （2019 全國(guó)卷 n 書面表達(dá)）Now I will inform you of some detailed information to help you fully pr

33、epare for it.答案：make full preparations for2. （2019 全國(guó)卷 in書面表達(dá)）You are welcome to give performances too.答案：as well3. （2018 天津卷書面表達(dá) ）We were so interested in the competition that we formed a group to take part in it.答案：keen on4. （2018 全國(guó)卷 I 書面表達(dá)）I ' very glad to learn that you are coming in Septem

34、ber.答案：more than5. （2017 全國(guó)卷 I 書面表達(dá)）So, please spend some time taking a brief look at the history of the Tang Dynasty, which will help you prepare for your class.答案：Therefore; make preparations for6. （2017 全國(guó)卷 I 書面表達(dá) ）In order to get a better understanding of Tang poetry , I advise you to learn some

35、 brief history of the Tang Dynasty in advance.答案：acquire7. （2017 全國(guó)卷 n 書面表達(dá) ）The craftsmen will show visitors how to cut paper into different shapes on the spot.答案：various/a range of8. （2017 天津卷書面表達(dá) ）Firstly , the final exam of this term is coming so I am busy preparing for it.答案：To begin with; arou

36、nd the corner9. （全國(guó)卷 I 書面表達(dá) ）My job application form and personal resume have been prepared and I sincerely hope you can help me correct them.答案：polish10. The teacher directed the gifted students towards the more difficult courses.答案：challengingn習(xí)作升級(jí)練習(xí)假定你是李華，你想邀請(qǐng)你的朋友John在周六晚上去看科幻電影The Wandering Eart

37、h ,請(qǐng)用英語給他寫一封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1 .發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)；2 .介紹電影（主題：保護(hù)人類共同的地球家園；觀眾評(píng)價(jià)等）；3 .請(qǐng)求回復(fù)。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；4 .可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。考生作文Dear John,I know that you are interested in science fiction, so I ' d like to invite you to see a film this weekend.The Wandering Earth is being shown these days. Its purpose is to save the earth and protect our common home. Viewers describe it as a breakthrough of