人教版高中英語必修五知識點詳解(共30頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上人教版高中英語必修五知識點詳解Units 1-21. doubtdoubt是高考中的高頻考查詞匯。doubt可作動詞和名詞，是新課標重點詞匯。其命題角度為：作動詞時，若為肯定句，后跟賓語從句,通常用if/whether引導，若為否定句，則通常用that引導。doubt作名詞時，通常用于There is no doubt that .(毫無疑問）結(jié)構(gòu)。2010年高考對doubt的考查還將集中在其后跟從句時連接詞的選擇上，也有可能將doubt與其他動詞或名詞放在一起進行詞義辨析。2. exposeexpose是新課標要求掌握的單詞，應重點掌握它的義項及常見用法，特別是be

2、 exposed to 句式，其中to為介詞，后跟名詞、代詞和動名詞；同時注意exposed to作后置定語和用于句首作狀語的用法。另外，being exposed to結(jié)構(gòu)用動名詞形式作主語也是重點和難點，極易考查。 預測2010年命題方向為 exposed to 作狀語和定語的用法。3. absorbabsorb是新課標重點單詞，重點掌握其“吸收（液體，熱）；吸收，理解（知識）”的詞義及其be absorbed in(全神貫注于)的用法，易考點為該短語位于句首作狀語和作后置定語兩點，考生應能掌握be absorbed by(為某事物所吸引)；還應聯(lián)系be engaged in, be de

3、voted to, be involved in和be lost in等常見重點近義短語。4. apart fromapart from是常見介詞短語，意為“除之外”，考生應熟練掌握近義的詞和短語： except, besides, in addition (to), other than, except for, except that, except when等。預測2010年高考會在單項填空題中直接考查或者會出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解題中。5. availableavailable是新課標重點單詞，在近幾年高考和各地的模擬考試中出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，主要考點為：詞義(可得到的，可用的)。 命題形式常為形容

4、詞詞義辨析，如區(qū)分accessible, acceptable, sensible, favourite, average, convenient 等。用法。be available to意為“可利用的”，be available for意為“使可以享受某物;使買得起某物 ”, 要了解二者的區(qū)別。預測2010年高考命題會以考查詞義或者形容詞短語作后置定語為命題方向。6. consist ofconsist of是近幾年高考高頻考查短語。理解其詞義“組成，構(gòu)成”?？疾榕c其他近義詞組的用法異同點。如be made up of, be composed of, constitute, be form

5、ed of 等?？忌貏e注意consist of要用主動形式表達，不用系表結(jié)構(gòu)。預測這一考點將成為2010年高考考查的重點，特別是用consisting of 作后置定語。7. break down由break構(gòu)成的動詞短語是歷年高考命題的重點?？忌仨毭鞔_break down的幾個常見義項，根據(jù)不同的語境加以判斷。break down，break up, break off, break away, break in等，都要求考生熟知它們的常見義項，因為命題時可能會對該短語直接考查，也可在短文中考查對其意義的理解。8. only+狀語（狀語從句）位于句首構(gòu)成部分倒裝這是考生必須熟練掌握的句

6、式之一，以往的高考題中已多次考查到。倒裝句式有多種情況，該句式為日常交際中較常見的一種。特別提示：only只有強調(diào)狀語或者狀語從句才構(gòu)成部分倒裝，強調(diào)主語或賓語不用倒裝。預測該句式是2010年高考命題考查的重點。重要詞匯拓展Unit 1 Great scientists1. _ n. 特征；特性2. _ vt.&vi. 結(jié)束；推斷出_ n. 結(jié)論 3. _ vt. 打??；戰(zhàn)勝；使受挫4. _ vt. 參加；出席；照顧；護理_ n. 參加；出席；侍從；看護5. _ vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光_ n. 暴露；揭穿；揭發(fā)6. _ vt.& n. 治愈；痊愈 _adj.可治愈的_ vt

7、.& n. 控制；支配 8. _ vt. 吸收；吸引；使專心 _adj. 被吸收的；全神貫注的9. _ adj. 嚴重的；嚴厲的；劇烈的characteristic 2. conclude；conclusion 3. defeat 4. attend；attendance5. expose；exposure 6. cure；curable 7. control 8. absorb； absorbed 9. severe10. _ vt. 宣布；通告 _n. 宣布；宣告；通知11. _ vt. 命令；指示；教導_ adj.有教育意義的；有指導意義的 _n.指導；指示；指令 _ n. 教師

8、；講師；指導員12. _ vt.&vi. 捐獻；貢獻；捐助_n.貢獻；奉獻13. _ adj. 有創(chuàng)造力的；創(chuàng)造性的；獨創(chuàng)的_n.創(chuàng)造；創(chuàng)作14. _ adj. 熱情的；熱心的_ n. 熱心；熱情15. _ adj.小心的；謹慎的_n.小心；謹慎；慎重16. _ vt. 拒絕；不接受；丟棄；拋棄17. _ vt. 建造；構(gòu)造；創(chuàng)立_n.建造；建筑；結(jié)構(gòu)18. _vt.分析_n.分析19. _ vt. 污染；弄臟_ n. 污染10.announce;announcement1 11.instruct；instructive；instructioninstructor12. contrib

9、ute；contribution 13. creative；creation14. enthusiastic；enthusiasm 15. cautious；caution 16. reject17. construct; construction 18. analyse; analysis 19. pollute; pollution1. put _ 提出2. _ a conclusion 得出結(jié)論3. in _ 另外 4. _ to an end結(jié)束5. _ .to .將和連接起來 6. _ from 除之外7. be _ with 對嚴格的 8. lead _導致；通向 9. make

10、_ 有道理；有意義；講得通 10. _ of view 態(tài)度；觀點11. be _ to 暴露于12. be _ in 全神貫注于13. _ into 調(diào)查14. be _ /_ 支持/反對forward 2. draw 3. addition 4. come 5. link 6. apart 7.strict 8. to 9. sense 10. point 11. exposed 12. absorbed 13. look 14. for/against重點短語梳理 1. _ its cause _ its cure was understood.人們不但不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方

11、法。2. So many thousands of terrified people died _ _ there was an outbreak.每次暴發(fā)（霍亂）時，都有大批驚恐的老百姓死去。3. John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies _ _.約翰·斯諾建議所有的水源都要經(jīng)過檢測。4. _ _ you put the sun there _ the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星

12、的運動才能說得清楚。1. Neither; nor 2. every time 3. be examined 4. Only if; did重點句型再現(xiàn)1. John Snow defeats “King Cholera”.約翰·斯諾戰(zhàn)勝“霍亂王”。defeat意為“擊敗；打敗；使（計劃，希望）落空”。 defeat, conquer與overcome三個詞都含有“戰(zhàn)勝”、“擊敗”的意思。 defeat 指“贏得勝利”, 尤其指軍事上的勝利, 如defeat the enemy(打敗敵人); conquer指“征服;戰(zhàn)勝”,尤其指獲得對人、物或感情的控制,如conquer natur

13、e（征服自然）；overcome指“戰(zhàn)勝；壓倒；克服”，尤其指“感情”, 如overcome difficulties （克服困難）。【易混辨析】選詞填空（beat/defeat/conquer/win）By not working hard enough you _ your own purpose.Some countries may be _ but can never be _.Who is _ the drum?He _ the first prize in the writing contest.【答案】defeated defeated; conquered beating wo

14、n defeat, beat與win defeat, beat都表示在戰(zhàn)斗或競賽中“戰(zhàn)勝,打敗(對手)”,后接競爭對手。如beat the competitor/the country/the team .打敗對手/國家/隊I can beat/defeat you at swimming.我游泳能勝過你。He was defeated/beaten at chess.他下象棋輸了。win也表示“戰(zhàn)勝,贏得”,但它的賓語通常是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭、獎品或表尊重、崇拜之類意義的詞。如win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/a medal/succes

15、s/friendship/reward .贏得賽跑/戰(zhàn)役/戰(zhàn)爭/獎學金/獎品/獎章/成功/友誼/獎賞高手過招2. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.但當他一想到要幫助（那些）受到霍亂威脅的普通百姓，他就感到很振奮。exposed to cholera在句中是過去分詞短語作后置定語，表示被動，修飾people，相當于定語從句which were exposed to cholera 意為“患霍亂的”。expose意為“暴露；揭露；使曝光”，常與介詞to連用

16、，表示“使暴露于（日光、風雨等）；受到風險；使面臨”。常見結(jié)構(gòu)：expose sth./sb./oneself (to .) 顯露或暴露be exposed to暴露于高手過招用expose的適當形式填空In summer, _ the sun can be very harmful to your skin.The soil was washed away by the flood, _ bare rock. 【答案】being exposed to exposing3. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人們不但不知道它的病源，也不

17、了解它的治療方法。cure vt.&n. 治愈，治療法；常用于cure sb. of .結(jié)構(gòu)中。 cure, treat, heal與recovercure意為“治療；治愈”，多用于指藥物治療并治愈某種疾病或改正不良習氣。treat為日常用語，意為“治療；醫(yī)治”，指治療病人的全過程或活動。heal意為“治愈（傷口）； 醫(yī)治”，指治好外傷或燒傷后的部位，使傷口愈合，不用于指治療感冒等疾病。recover意為“痊愈,復原”，主要是指從病中痊愈了，常與from連用。That will cure him of his bad habits. 那將改正他的壞習慣。There are only t

18、wo doctors to treat more than 50 patients.只有兩名醫(yī)生來治療50多個病人。The wound on my arm has healed. 我胳膊上的傷已痊愈了。Hes now fully recovered from his bad cold. 他現(xiàn)在已完全從重感冒中康復了。【易混辨析】完成句子Penicillin _ _ _ his pneumonia. 盤尼西林治好了他的肺炎。After the accident, the lorry driver _ _ for cuts and bruises.事故后卡車司機的擦傷得到了治療。The cut o

19、n his finger _ quickly.他手指上的傷口很快愈合了?！敬鸢浮縞ured him ofwas treatedhealed高手過招4. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二種看法是人們是在吃飯時把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。suggest vt. 暗示；表明(陳述語氣)；建議（suggest doing; suggest thatclause）His attitude suggested that he was not intereste

20、d in it at all.他的態(tài)度表明他對此一點也不感興趣。I suggested that he (should) adapt himself to his new conditions. 我建議他應該適應新的情況。absorb意為“吸收；吸引；使專心；合并；吞并”，常見結(jié)構(gòu)：absorb ones attention 吸引某人的注意力be absorbed in sth. 專心于某事be absorbed by/into 被吞并；為所吸收 Clever children absorb knowledge easily. 聰明的孩子掌握知識很容易。Aspirin is quickly a

21、bsorbed by/into the body. 阿司匹林很快被身體吸收了。He is absorbed in his business. 他專心致志地處理事務。Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses.大多數(shù)小商店已被并入大公司。完成句子 _ _ _ _ _ _, the man walked into a wall. 那個人看報紙?zhí)肷褡驳搅藟ι?。They were _ _ _ _ _ the show on television that they found it hard to pull away.他們聚精會神

22、地看著電視里的表演，舍不得離開?！敬鸢浮緿eeply absorbed in the newspaper so deeply absorbed in watching 高手過招6. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. 病從胃里發(fā)作而迅速殃及全身，患者很快就會死去。ffect vt.意為“影響；作用于”，經(jīng)常表示某種變化，對象是人時，可指思想或感情上的變化。 affect, effect 與influenceaffect 與 effect 均可表示“影響

23、”，其區(qū)別是：前者是動詞(及物)，主要指一時的影響，著重指影響的動作，可指一般意義的影響(不分好壞)，也可指不良影響；后者是名詞(可數(shù)或不可數(shù))，兩者的關(guān)系大致為：affecthave an effect on。注意：effect 有時雖用作及物動詞，但不表示“影響”，而表示“實現(xiàn)”或“產(chǎn)生”等。influence 表示“影響”，主要指對行為、性格、觀點等產(chǎn)生間接的或潛移默化的影響?？捎米骷拔飫釉~或名詞(通常不可數(shù)，但有時可與不定冠詞連用)。【易混辨析】完成句子We are interested in the weather because it _ _ _ /_ _ _ _ _ (對我們有直

24、接影響)what we wear, what we do, and even how we feel. 【答案】affects us directly/has direct effects on us6. It seemed that the water was to blame.看來水是罪魁禍首。blame v. 責備，譴責；把歸咎于blame sb. for sth./doing sth. 為某事責備某人He blamed you for the neglect of duty.他責備你玩忽職守。blame sth. on sb. 把某事歸咎于某人The police blamed the

25、 traffic accident on Jacks careless driving.警察把那起交通事故歸咎于杰克的粗心駕駛。be to blame (for) 應（為）承擔責任；該（為）受責備。注意：此處不能用被動語態(tài)。blame n. 埋怨，責備；責任take the blame for sth. 對某事負責任lay/put the blame on sb. 把某事歸咎于某人 單項填空We all feel it is Jack as well as his wife _that for their sons bad performance at school.A. are to bla

26、me B. is to the blamed C. are to be blamed D. is to blame【解析】選D。句意為：我們覺得對于孩子在學校的不好表現(xiàn)，除了杰克的妻子外，杰克也有責任。be to blame是習慣表達方式，要用主動形式表示被動含義。.單詞拼寫 1. This new e_ for the car works well.2. She has a strong c_.3. The farmers in this area had a good harvest last year thanks to the s_ farming.4. The doctor had

27、my eyes e_ for weakening.5. He b_ me for my negligence(疏忽大意).6. He finished his work in a _ (積極的) way.7. We must try to _ (分析)the causes of the strike.8. He became _ (狂熱的) about classical music.9. He has _ (完成)the whole job already.10. Be _（謹慎） when you cross the street.【答案】1. engine 2. character 3.

28、 scientific 4. examined 5. blamed6.positive 7. analyse 8. enthusiastic 9. completed 10. cautiousII. 用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空1. John Snow told the story about the_ (astonish) people in Broad Street.2. Dont drink _ (pollute) water, because it carries the disease.3. Some of the people _ (invite) to the party co

29、uldnt come.4. There is a car _ (park) outside the house.5. We were _ (inspire) by the _ (inspire) news.6. Why are you looking so _ (disappoint)?7. Thousands of _ (terrify) people died.【答案】1. astonished 2. polluted 3. invited 4. parked5. inspired；inspiring 6. disappointed 7. terrified III. 翻譯句子1. 不要在

30、太陽下曬得太久，你會被曬傷的。(sunburn)2. 有組織的旅行就是由某人或某機構(gòu)組織的旅行。3. 到了那時他才意識到造成的損失有多大。4. 每當他遇到困難，他就會想起他的媽媽。（every time）5. 正在建造的那幢摩天大樓比去年建的那幢還要高?！敬鸢浮?. Dont expose yourself to the sun for too long. You will get sunburned.2. An organized trip is one organized by someone or some organization.3. Only then did he realize

31、 how much damage had been caused.4. He would think of his mother every time he met with difficulties.5. The skyscraper being built is still higher than the one built last year.Unit 2 The United Kindom重要詞匯拓展1. _ vt. 分配；分開_ adj. 分離的_n. 分離；分開2. _ n. 矛盾；沖突3. _ n. 描寫；描述 _ vt. 描寫；描述4. _ v.組成；一致_ n.一致性；連貫性

32、_adj.一致的 5. _ vt.澄清；闡明_ n.清楚；明晰；清澈divide; divided; division 2. conflict 3. description; describe4. consist；consistence；consistent 5. clarify；clarity 重要詞匯拓展6. _n.收集；收藏品 _vt.& vi.收集；募集_ adj.集體的7. _ n.便利；方便_ adj.便利的；方便的8. _ vt.使激動；使膽戰(zhàn)心驚_adj.激動的_ adj.令人興奮的 9. _ n.快樂；高興；喜悅；vt.使快樂；使欣喜_ adj.高興的_ adj.令人

33、喜悅的10. _ vt. 吸引；引起注意_ n.吸引; 吸引力；吸引人的事物 _ adj.有吸引力的；誘人的11. _ adj.壯麗的；輝煌的；極好的12. _ n.塑像；雕像13. _ vt.籌備；安排；整理_ n.籌備；安排；整理14. _ n.錯誤；謬誤；過失6. collection；collect；collective 7. convenience；convenient8. thrill；thrilled；thrilling 9. delight；delighted；delightful10. attract; attraction; attractive 11. splendid

34、12. statue13. arrange；arrangement 14. error1. _ of 由組成2._ .into 把分成3. leave _ 遺漏；刪掉4. _ down 搗毀；（機器）出故障；分解；垮掉5. _ to 提及；參考6. for _ 為了方便7. _ close to 接近；幾乎8. take the _ of 代替；取代 9. break _ from 掙脫（束縛）；脫離1. consist 2. divide 3. out 4. break 5. refer6. convenience 7. come 8. place 9. away重點短語梳理 1. Ther

35、e is _ _ to debate any more why different words are used to describe the four countries.再也沒有什么必要爭論為什么要用不同的詞去描述這四個國家了。2. The three countries _ _ _ peacefully instead of by war.這三個國家發(fā)現(xiàn)自己并沒有通過戰(zhàn)爭就和平統(tǒng)一起來了。3. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism _ _ _ and died in London.這似乎很奇怪：這位發(fā)展了共

36、產(chǎn)主義的人竟然在倫敦生活過，并且在倫敦去世。no need 2. found themselves united3. should have lived重點句型再現(xiàn)1. How many countries does the UK consist of?英國是由幾個國家（部分）組成的？consist of 組成；構(gòu)成；由組成(后接of，用于主動語態(tài))Our class consisted of fifty students at that time.當時我們班有50個學生。【聯(lián)想拓展】consist vi. 符合；并存；一致 （與with連用）Theory should consist wit

37、h practice. 理論應與實踐相一致。在于，存在于（常與in連用）The beauty of Venice consists in the style of its ancient building. 威尼斯的美在于其古建筑的風格?！疽谆毂嫖觥縞omprise, compose, constitute與make up 這一組動詞都有“組成，包含”的意思，不過comprise和constitute是及物動詞，要用主動形式；而compose和make up則需后跟of, 用于系表結(jié)構(gòu)中。Our companys product line comprises 2, 500 different

38、items.我們公司的生產(chǎn)線是由2500個不同的組成部分構(gòu)成的。Crime and illegal drugs constitute the citys major problems.犯罪和非法毒品買賣是這個城市面臨的主要問題。The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.委員會主要由教師和學生家長組成。 A car is made up of many different parts. 汽車由很多不同的零部件組成。 用適當?shù)慕樵~填空The United Nations Organization consists _ ove

39、r 160 nations.Our greatest happiness consists _ serving the people.Health doesnt consist _ smoking.【答案】ofinwith2. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.如今，只要有人提起英格蘭，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)威爾士總是包括在內(nèi)的。refer to 查閱;參考If you want to know his telephone number, you may refer to the telephone direc

40、tory. 如果你想知道他的電話號碼，你可以查電話簿。談到;提到The old soldier referred to his experiences during the Long March. 老戰(zhàn)士談到了長征時的一些經(jīng)歷。 適用于;涉及These books refer to Asian problems. 這些書涉及亞洲問題。 把提交給;把委托給I dont want to refer this patient to an irresponsible doctor. 我不想把這個病人交給一個不負責的醫(yī)生。 使向請教;使求助于 I referred her to Tom for furt

41、her information. 我讓她到湯姆那兒去詢問詳情。 把歸功于He referred his success to the good education he had had. 他把他的成功歸功于他所受的良好教育。 認為起源于The invention of the papermaking is referred to China. 造紙術(shù)起源于中國。 用括號內(nèi)所給短語的適當形式填空 On Aids Day, the minister of the Health Department demanded the problems _ _ _ (refer to) paid specia

42、l attention to.【答案】referred to (should) be 3. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government. 然而，愛爾蘭的南部卻不愿意組建聯(lián)合王國，它分離出去并建立了自己的政府。break away (from)突然逃掉或離開;斷絕往來,脫離;改掉(舊習慣）break down (機器、車輛等)壞了；(計劃、談判等)失?。?談話、通訊等)中斷；(健康、精神等)變壞；垮掉break in 突然進來，強行進入；插嘴，打岔bre

43、ak into 強行進入;突然起來;打斷，插嘴break off 停止講話;暫停;休息;(使)折斷break out (火災、戰(zhàn)爭等)突然發(fā)生或爆發(fā)break through 突破;克服;征服;強行穿過/進入break up 解散;驅(qū)散;(學校等)放假;結(jié)束;破裂;絕交用適當?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空Thieves broke _ the house when the couple were watching TV.A quarrel broke _ between them.The soldiers broke _ the enemys defence works.The school has bro

44、ken _ for the holidays.Dad would occasionally break _ with a suggestion.Tom broke _ the door of our classroom last week.高手過招intooutthroughupindown4. England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. 在這四個國家中，英格蘭是最大的。為了方便起見，它大致可以劃分為三個地區(qū)。convenien

45、ce n. 適宜；便利；方便（不可數(shù)）convenience food 便利食品；convenience store 便利店便利的事物/設施(可數(shù))convenient adj. 方便的(可用作定語和表語)。作表語時，不可用人作主語，而要用事物或形式主語it作主語，其后常接介詞for/to或不定式。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：It is/was convenient for sb. to do sth. 對某人來說方便；sth. be convenient to/for sb./sth. 對某人/物來說是方便的。Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorr

46、ow? 你明天開始工作方便嗎?We must arrange a convenient time and place for the meeting. 我們必須安排一個合適的時間和地點開會。單項填空Come and see me whenever _.A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you【解析】選C。convenient的主語不可以是人，排除A、B兩項。whenever引導的是時間狀語從句，其謂語動詞要用一般現(xiàn)在時，不可

47、用一般將來時。 高手過招.單詞拼寫 1. The committee c_ of ten members.2. If you d_ 30 by 5, the answer is 6.3. Would you like to do a crossword p_?4. This building was c_ in the 1810s and it has a history of about 200 years.5. They married last month but I didnt attend their w_.6. We should do all we can to improve

48、the _ (關(guān)系) between our two countries.7. The position of the house combines quietness and _ (方便).8. The painting comes from his private _ (收藏).9. To our _ (高興), he passed the entrance examination.10. Can you _ (安排) for a car to collect them from the airport?【答案】1. consists 2. divide 3. puzzle 4. cons

49、tructed 5. wedding6. relations 7. convenience 8. collection 9. delight 10. arrangeII. 同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1. How many countries does the UK consist of?How many countries is _ _ the UK ?2. For those you have to go to older but smaller towns first built by the Romans.For those you have to go to older but smaller tow

50、ns _ _first _ by the Romans.3. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had listed the sites she wanted to see in London.Because she _ _ about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a _ _ the sites she wanted to see in London.4. On my way to the station something was wrong with my car.On my

51、 way to the station my car _ _.5. When she saw many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she felt very proud of her country. _ many visitors enjoying looking at the beautiful old Chinese pots and other objects on show, she took _ _ her country.【答案】1.

52、 made up of 2. which/that were; built 3. was worried; list of 4. broke down 5. Seeing; pride inIII翻譯句子1. 在這個單詞中，有一個字母漏掉了。2. 未來，地鐵將會逐步取代公共汽車，成為人們的主要交通工具。3. 如果你繼續(xù)那樣工作的話，你的身體很快會垮下來的。4. 噪音那么多，以至于演講者無法使自己被聽眾聽清楚?！敬鸢浮?. A letter is left out in this word.2. The subway will take the place of the bus to become the main vehicle for the people in the future.3. If you continue