8D培訓(xùn)講義(共45頁(yè)).ppt

1、德昌電子德昌電子TAK CHEONG 2022年年2月月7日日8D TEAM ORIENTEDPROBLEM SOLVING8D團(tuán)隊(duì)導(dǎo)向解決問(wèn)題方法團(tuán)隊(duì)導(dǎo)向解決問(wèn)題方法 Identify and describe 8D process steps 識(shí)別和描述識(shí)別和描述8D方法的步驟方法的步驟Define 8D terminology 解釋解釋8D術(shù)語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)Identify when to use the 8D process 認(rèn)識(shí)何時(shí)使用認(rèn)識(shí)何時(shí)使用8D方法方法Practice writing 8D report 練習(xí)寫(xiě)練習(xí)寫(xiě)8D報(bào)告報(bào)告Identify and use tools that s

2、upport the 8D process 識(shí)別和使用支持識(shí)別和使用支持8D的工具的工具OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES目標(biāo)目標(biāo)Fords4 Quality Strategy福特的4個(gè)質(zhì)量策略Quality Strategy 質(zhì)量策略質(zhì)量策略1.Quality Planning 質(zhì)量計(jì)劃-Identify Process 識(shí)別流程-Identify Product/Services 識(shí)別產(chǎn)品服務(wù)2.Process Control流程控制4.Problem Solving問(wèn)題解決3. Process Improvement流程改進(jìn)Fords4 Quality Strategy福特的4個(gè)質(zhì)

3、量策略D0 Become aware of the problem 了解問(wèn)題了解問(wèn)題D1 Team Formation 成立小組成立小組D2 Describe problem 描述問(wèn)題描述問(wèn)題D3 Interim containment action 臨時(shí)控制措施臨時(shí)控制措施D4 Root cause analysis 根本原因的分析根本原因的分析8D OVERVIEW8D總括總括D5 Choose & verify permanent solution 選擇并校驗(yàn)永久性解決方案選擇并校驗(yàn)永久性解決方案D6 Implement the corrective action 執(zhí)行糾正措施執(zhí)

4、行糾正措施D7 Prevent recurrence 預(yù)防問(wèn)題再發(fā)生預(yù)防問(wèn)題再發(fā)生D8 Congratulate the team 慶祝慶祝8D OVERVIEW8D總括總括EXAMPLES舉例舉例D0 Headache頭痛頭痛D1 See/visit doctor看醫(yī)生看醫(yī)生D2 Describe the symptoms訴癥狀訴癥狀D3 Ease the pain (give pain killer) 暫緩疼痛暫緩疼痛 D4 Diagnosis診斷診斷D5 Choose Treatment (Medication, Operation, etc) 選擇治療方法（用藥，手術(shù)等）選擇治療方法（

5、用藥，手術(shù)等）D6 Treatment Given進(jìn)行治療進(jìn)行治療D7 Prevent Headache預(yù)防頭痛預(yù)防頭痛D8 Pay bill結(jié)賬結(jié)賬 Problem with cause unknown不知道問(wèn)題發(fā)生的原因不知道問(wèn)題發(fā)生的原因 Use 5 Why Analysis Use 5 Why Analysis使用使用5 5個(gè)為什么分析個(gè)為什么分析 When you dont know why, problem exists. 當(dāng)你不知道為什么時(shí)，問(wèn)題繼續(xù)存在當(dāng)你不知道為什么時(shí)，問(wèn)題繼續(xù)存在 When there is no data and facts for certain def

6、ects, problem with cause unknown exists. 當(dāng)沒(méi)有資料和事實(shí)去確定缺陷時(shí)，未知原因的問(wèn)題繼續(xù)存在當(dāng)沒(méi)有資料和事實(shí)去確定缺陷時(shí)，未知原因的問(wèn)題繼續(xù)存在8D Application Criteria8D運(yùn)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運(yùn)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)8D Application Criteria8D運(yùn)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)運(yùn)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2. Need talents of team to cure, not mask problem 必須用團(tuán)隊(duì)的力量去解決問(wèn)題，而不是掩飾問(wèn)題必須用團(tuán)隊(duì)的力量去解決問(wèn)題，而不是掩飾問(wèn)題3. Justifies a team approach 證明團(tuán)隊(duì)方法是正確的證明團(tuán)隊(duì)方法是正確的

7、Time 時(shí)期時(shí)期: Past 過(guò)去過(guò)去 Present 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 Future 未來(lái)未來(lái) D2/D4 D0/D1/D3/D5 D6/D7 Question問(wèn)題問(wèn)題:Which direction are you going towards?哪一種趨勢(shì)是接近你們的？哪一種趨勢(shì)是接近你們的？Problem Solving解決問(wèn)題Decision Marking標(biāo)記結(jié)果Planning計(jì)劃Situation controlsOrganization情景控制組織情景控制組織OrganizationControls situation組織控制情景組織控制情景D0:AWARE OF THE PROBLE

8、MD0:意識(shí)到問(wèn)題意識(shí)到問(wèn)題Do you know why that defect occur? 你們知道缺陷為什么會(huì)發(fā)生嗎？你們知道缺陷為什么會(huì)發(fā)生嗎？2. Do you need to cure the problem? 你們需要解決問(wèn)題嗎？你們需要解決問(wèn)題嗎？3. Do you need a team?1. 你們需要一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)嗎？你們需要一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)嗎？Form the team (5 7members)成立小組（成立小組（57位成員）位成員） Champion Champion支持者支持者 Leader組長(zhǎng)組長(zhǎng) Team Members成員成員 Recorder記錄員記錄員 Facilita

9、tor推進(jìn)者推進(jìn)者D1:TEAM FORMATIOND1:成立小組成立小組D1：TEAM FORMATIOND1：成立小組：成立小組Agree on Team小組達(dá)成協(xié)議小組達(dá)成協(xié)議:Workgroup guidelines工作組指導(dǎo)方針工作組指導(dǎo)方針Structure結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)Goals目標(biāo)目標(biāo)Roles任務(wù)任務(wù)Procedures程序程序Work Group Guidelines工作組指導(dǎo)方針工作組指導(dǎo)方針 Agreement on the task and objectiveAgreement on the task and objective同意分配的任務(wù)及目標(biāo)同意分配的任務(wù)及目標(biāo) Ch

10、eck on timing檢查時(shí)間檢查時(shí)間 Keep work visible 保存工作記錄保存工作記錄 Use supporting information from manual使用指南中的支持信息使用指南中的支持信息Define roles rotate 定義角色轉(zhuǎn)換定義角色轉(zhuǎn)換 Need any help需要幫助需要幫助D1：TEAM FORMATIOND1：成立小組：成立小組Benefits作用作用:Multiple inputs of individuals experienceMultiple inputs of individuals experience 個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)的多方面體現(xiàn)

11、個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)的多方面體現(xiàn)More ideas and possible solutions 更多的意見(jiàn)及可能性解決方案更多的意見(jiàn)及可能性解決方案Able to work on several areas at one time. 能夠同時(shí)工作于幾個(gè)工作區(qū)域能夠同時(shí)工作于幾個(gè)工作區(qū)域D1：TEAM FORMATIOND1：成立小組：成立小組D1：TEAM FORMATIOND1：成立小組：成立小組Why does team fail?為什么小組會(huì)失敗呢？為什么小組會(huì)失敗呢？ No direction or planning沒(méi)有指導(dǎo)或計(jì)劃沒(méi)有指導(dǎo)或計(jì)劃 Bogged down to committee

12、委員會(huì)日趨癱瘓委員會(huì)日趨癱瘓No right member in the team小組里沒(méi)有合適的成員小組里沒(méi)有合適的成員 Politics政治問(wèn)題政治問(wèn)題D1：TEAM FORMATIOND1：成立小組：成立小組Major inhibitors for team problem solving:團(tuán)隊(duì)解決問(wèn)題的最主要障礙團(tuán)隊(duì)解決問(wèn)題的最主要障礙Problem incorrectly described問(wèn)題的錯(cuò)誤描述問(wèn)題的錯(cuò)誤描述Problem solving effort pushed 解決問(wèn)題的干勁或努力不足解決問(wèn)題的干勁或努力不足Poor team participation團(tuán)隊(duì)參與性差團(tuán)

13、隊(duì)參與性差Lack of technical skills 缺乏技能缺乏技能Potential cause misidentified as the root cause 把潛在的原因錯(cuò)識(shí)別成根本原因把潛在的原因錯(cuò)識(shí)別成根本原因 Permanent corrective actions not implemented 永久性糾正措施沒(méi)有被執(zhí)行。永久性糾正措施沒(méi)有被執(zhí)行。D2: DESCRIBE THE PROBLEMD2：描述問(wèn)題：描述問(wèn)題Data gathering. 收集資料收集資料Separate down to one specific problem by asking why. 通

14、過(guò)尋求原因分開(kāi)每一特殊問(wèn)題通過(guò)尋求原因分開(kāi)每一特殊問(wèn)題Develop problem statement (Operational Definition) 逐步描述問(wèn)題（操作型定義）逐步描述問(wèn)題（操作型定義）D2: DESCRIBE THE PROBLEMD2：描述問(wèn)題：描述問(wèn)題Definition of a problem問(wèn)題的定義問(wèn)題的定義A deviation exists between actual and deviation 存在于實(shí)際與非實(shí)際之間的偏差存在于實(shí)際與非實(shí)際之間的偏差Operational Definition操作型定義操作型定義Whats wrong with wh

15、at? (Object and defect) 什么事情出現(xiàn)什么問(wèn)題？（對(duì)象和缺陷）什么事情出現(xiàn)什么問(wèn)題？（對(duì)象和缺陷）Or或者或者What am I having trouble with and what is the trouble？ 我有什么問(wèn)題，并且問(wèn)題是什么？我有什么問(wèn)題，并且問(wèn)題是什么？Is and Is Not Table是否工作臺(tái)是否工作臺(tái):Based on Laws of Physics基于物理性質(zhì)規(guī)律基于物理性質(zhì)規(guī)律Identify標(biāo)識(shí)標(biāo)識(shí) What (Defect/Object)什么（缺陷對(duì)象）什么（缺陷對(duì)象）Space 場(chǎng)所場(chǎng)所 Where哪里哪里Time時(shí)間時(shí)間 W

16、hen什么時(shí)候什么時(shí)候Mass規(guī)模規(guī)模 How Big多大多大What else would you expect to see, hear, feel, smell, observe but do not observe? 你期望看到、聽(tīng)到、感覺(jué)到、聞到或觀測(cè)到其它的什么情況，但你期望看到、聽(tīng)到、感覺(jué)到、聞到或觀測(cè)到其它的什么情況，但不要用觀測(cè)？不要用觀測(cè)？D2: DESCRIBE THE PROBLEMD2：描述問(wèn)題：描述問(wèn)題Is and Is Not Table是否工作臺(tái)是否工作臺(tái):Do 做做Support with facts and dataSupport with facts an

17、d data支持事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)支持事實(shí)和數(shù)據(jù)Use team approach利用團(tuán)隊(duì)力量利用團(tuán)隊(duì)力量 Ask question for clarification為弄明白問(wèn)題而多提問(wèn)題為弄明白問(wèn)題而多提問(wèn)題Dont不做不做Assumption假設(shè)假設(shè)Hide information隱瞞資料隱瞞資料 Defensive狡辯狡辯Make judgment /jump to conclusion判斷并立即下結(jié)論判斷并立即下結(jié)論D2: DESCRIBE THE PROBLEMD2：描述問(wèn)題：描述問(wèn)題D2: DESCRIBE THE PROBLEMD2：描述問(wèn)題：描述問(wèn)題Principles of D2

18、D2原則原則A problem well define is solved fasterA problem well define is solved faster 問(wèn)題將被定義為需更快解決的。問(wèn)題將被定義為需更快解決的。Data used must be factual specific and relevant 使用的資料必須是實(shí)際的細(xì)節(jié)或與事實(shí)有關(guān)的。使用的資料必須是實(shí)際的細(xì)節(jié)或與事實(shí)有關(guān)的。Through repetition of the why question, the situation is reduced to a specific problem. 對(duì)于一個(gè)特殊的問(wèn)題，通

19、過(guò)循環(huán)使用對(duì)于一個(gè)特殊的問(wèn)題，通過(guò)循環(huán)使用“為什么為什么”分析后分析后, 它的情節(jié)應(yīng)該它的情節(jié)應(yīng)該是簡(jiǎn)潔明了的是簡(jiǎn)潔明了的.D3:IMPLEMENT AND VERIFY INTERIM (CONTAINMENT)ACTIONSD3:執(zhí)行并驗(yàn)證臨時(shí)執(zhí)行并驗(yàn)證臨時(shí)(遏制性遏制性)措施措施Decide to use ICA Decide to use ICA 決定使用決定使用ICAICA（臨時(shí)糾正措施）臨時(shí)糾正措施） Choose the best ICA by using benefit vs risks 通過(guò)比較好處與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)選擇最好的通過(guò)比較好處與風(fēng)險(xiǎn)選擇最好的ICATest feasibili

20、ty of ICA檢測(cè)檢測(cè)ICA的可行性的可行性Commit to ICA提交提交ICAVerify the effectiveness of ICA 驗(yàn)證驗(yàn)證ICA的功效的功效Plan計(jì)劃計(jì)劃Report報(bào)告報(bào)告Implement執(zhí)行執(zhí)行Evaluate評(píng)估評(píng)估D3:IMPLEMENT AND VERIFY INTERIM (CONTAINMENT)ACTIONSD3:執(zhí)行并驗(yàn)證臨時(shí)執(zhí)行并驗(yàn)證臨時(shí)(遏制性遏制性)措施措施ICAICAUsed to buy time to solve root cause while protecting your customer form the unwa

21、nted effect of your problem. 當(dāng)問(wèn)題會(huì)產(chǎn)生不良影響時(shí)當(dāng)問(wèn)題會(huì)產(chǎn)生不良影響時(shí),站在維護(hù)顧客利益的前提下站在維護(hù)顧客利益的前提下, 我們通常要爭(zhēng)取時(shí)間我們通常要爭(zhēng)取時(shí)間去解決根本原因去解決根本原因Authorized first aid but被認(rèn)可為急需解決的被認(rèn)可為急需解決的,但以下但以下4方面除外方面除外:costlycostly昂貴的昂貴的 attacks symptoms not origin of problem問(wèn)題發(fā)生的征兆不是問(wèn)題的起因問(wèn)題發(fā)生的征兆不是問(wèn)題的起因masking effect不起作用的不起作用的 could be forgotten會(huì)被遺

22、漏的會(huì)被遺漏的Optional隨機(jī)的隨機(jī)的D3:IMPLEMENT AND VERIFY INTERIM (CONTAINMENT)ACTIONSD3:執(zhí)行并驗(yàn)證臨時(shí)執(zhí)行并驗(yàn)證臨時(shí)(遏制性遏制性)措施措施 ICA Vs ICA Vs對(duì)對(duì) Band AidsBand Aids幫助幫助 Yes Yes是是 Attacks symptomsAttacks symptoms發(fā)生問(wèn)題的征兆發(fā)生問(wèn)題的征兆 YesYes有有 Yes是是 Add costs增加成本增加成本 Yes有有 Yes是是 Monitored while being used監(jiān)控目前的情況監(jiān)控目前的情況 No沒(méi)有沒(méi)有 Yes是是 Do

23、cumented文件文件 No沒(méi)有沒(méi)有 Yes是是 Verified for effectiveness驗(yàn)證功效驗(yàn)證功效 No沒(méi)有沒(méi)有 Yes是是 Replaced by permanent corrective action被永久性糾正措施取代被永久性糾正措施取代 No不能不能D3:IMPLEMENT AND VERIFY INTERIM (CONTAINMENT)ACTIONSD3:執(zhí)行并驗(yàn)證臨時(shí)執(zhí)行并驗(yàn)證臨時(shí)(遏制性遏制性)措施措施 Application Criteria For Decision MakingApplication Criteria For Decision Maki

24、ng決定實(shí)施的運(yùn)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)決定實(shí)施的運(yùn)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn): :Need to make the best choice first time.Need to make the best choice first time. 在第一時(shí)間做出最佳選擇在第一時(shí)間做出最佳選擇. . No margin for error.不出任何差錯(cuò)不出任何差錯(cuò).Best choice is unclear among many alternatives. 最佳最佳選擇選擇是指在許多可供選擇的辦法中不清楚的是指在許多可供選擇的辦法中不清楚的.Do not want the decision to cause additional p

25、roblems. 不希望結(jié)果引起額外的問(wèn)題不希望結(jié)果引起額外的問(wèn)題Risk analysis will be performed in order to make sure the decision is good.為了確保決定是正確的，一定要進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析。為了確保決定是正確的，一定要進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析。D4:DEFINE & VERIFY ROOT CAUSESD4:定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因Comparative analysisComparative analysis比較性的分析比較性的分析DifferencesDifferences差異差異Changes plus date

26、s注明變化的日期注明變化的日期Develop possible causes逐步列出可能存在的原因逐步列出可能存在的原因Changes/How theories變化推測(cè)變化推測(cè)Verify root causes驗(yàn)證根本原因驗(yàn)證根本原因Field Test實(shí)地試驗(yàn)實(shí)地試驗(yàn)D4:DEFINE & VERIFY ROOT CAUSESD4:定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因StepStep步驟步驟: :Find difference between Is and Is Not table (Refer D2 Find difference between Is and Is Not ta

27、ble (Refer D2 參考參考D2)D2)發(fā)現(xiàn)是與否表格之間的差異發(fā)現(xiàn)是與否表格之間的差異Find the changes on differenceFind the changes on difference發(fā)現(xiàn)差異的變化發(fā)現(xiàn)差異的變化“Change-how Theory” base on experience, knowledge“Change-how Theory” base on experience, knowledge憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)和知識(shí)推測(cè)憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)和知識(shí)推測(cè)“變化多少變化多少”Test “Is and Is Not”Test “Is and Is Not”檢測(cè)檢測(cè)“是與否是與否”Ch

28、oose most possible causeChoose most possible cause選擇最有可能存在的原因選擇最有可能存在的原因Verification (Field Test)Verification (Field Test)驗(yàn)證（實(shí)地測(cè)試）驗(yàn)證（實(shí)地測(cè)試）Actual root causeActual root cause實(shí)際的根本原因?qū)嶋H的根本原因Problem Solving Application CriteriaProblem Solving Application Criteria問(wèn)題解決的運(yùn)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)問(wèn)題解決的運(yùn)用標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Deviation exists Deviat

29、ion exists偏差繼續(xù)存在偏差繼續(xù)存在Cause of deviation unknown未知的偏差原因未知的偏差原因Need to determine the cause需要測(cè)定原因需要測(cè)定原因Solve the problem解決問(wèn)題解決問(wèn)題D4:DEFINE & VERIFY ROOT CAUSESD4:定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因D4:DEFINE & VERIFY ROOT CAUSESD4:定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因Difference CriteriaDifference Criteria差異標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差異標(biāo)準(zhǔn) Function of compa

30、ring Is to its corresponding (paired) Is Function of comparing Is to its corresponding (paired) Is NotNot Is Is 和它相對(duì)應(yīng)的和它相對(duì)應(yīng)的Is NotIs Not的比較功能的比較功能 A fact that is only true of the Is 確切地說(shuō)，事實(shí)指的就是僅確切地說(shuō)，事實(shí)指的就是僅Is是正確的。是正確的。 New information not already shown in Is/Is Not list 新消息指的是沒(méi)有列在新消息指的是沒(méi)有列在“是否是否”清單上

31、的。清單上的。D4:DEFINE & VERIFY ROOT CAUSESD4:定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因“Difference” Question“Difference” Question差異問(wèn)題差異問(wèn)題To uncover differences, askTo uncover differences, ask揭開(kāi)差異，問(wèn)揭開(kāi)差異，問(wèn): :What is DifferentWhat is Different什么是不同的，什么是不同的， Unique Unique特獨(dú)的特獨(dú)的, , Peculiar Peculiar罕見(jiàn)的罕見(jiàn)的, , Special Special特殊的特殊

32、的, , True True真實(shí)的真實(shí)的, , Only of the Only of the * * when compared to the when compared to the *? ? 只有只有 是，當(dāng)與是，當(dāng)與 比較時(shí)？比較時(shí)？ Is Is Not Is Is Not* Fill in the blank填寫(xiě)空白處填寫(xiě)空白處Change QuestionChange Question變化問(wèn)題變化問(wèn)題What has changedWhat has changed什么已變化什么已變化 IN IN里面里面 On On上面上面 AROUND AROUND周圍周圍 Or ABOUT Or

33、 ABOUT或者附近或者附近 ? ? The differenceThe difference差異差異Note: There may be more than one or no answer.Note: There may be more than one or no answer.注：可能不只一個(gè)答案也可能沒(méi)有答案。注：可能不只一個(gè)答案也可能沒(méi)有答案。 D4:DEFINE & VERIFY ROOT CAUSESD4:定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因Develop Change - How TheoryDevelop Change - How Theory逐步展開(kāi)如何變化的推論

34、逐步展開(kāi)如何變化的推論: :How could this change have createdHow could this change have created ? ?變化能引起怎樣的變化能引起怎樣的 ？Operational DefinitionOperational Definition操作性定義操作性定義OrOr或者或者b) In what ways might this CHANGE create causeb) In what ways might this CHANGE create cause ? ?哪些方面可能使變化引起哪些方面可能使變化引起 。 Operational D

35、efinitionOperational Definition操作性定義操作性定義Eg. How could this new operator have create clogging on Charlie?Eg. How could this new operator have create clogging on Charlie?a)a) 例子：在例子：在CharlieCharlie上新操作員怎樣引起堵塞？上新操作員怎樣引起堵塞？D4:DEFINE & VERIFY ROOT CAUSESD4:定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因D4:DEFINE & VERIFY RO

36、OT CAUSESD4:定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因“Theory Testing”“Theory Testing”測(cè)試推論測(cè)試推論 IfIf (Change-how theory) is the cause of(Change-how theory) is the cause of (Operational Definition) of does it explain why only the(Operational Definition) of does it explain why only the (Is) (Is) is affected, but never the is

37、affected, but never the (Is Not)? (Is Not)? 如果如果 （怎樣變化的推論）是（怎樣變化的推論）是 （可操作性定義）的原因，那（可操作性定義）的原因，那么它可否解釋么它可否解釋 （是）受影響而（是）受影響而 （否）否）不受影響的原因？不受影響的原因？ + = Yes+ = Yes Both Is and Is Not explained Both Is and Is Not explained ：“是是” ” 是與否雙方的說(shuō)是與否雙方的說(shuō)明明-= No Does not explain Is and/or Is Not = No Does not exp

38、lain Is and/or Is Not ：“否否” ” 說(shuō)明是或否說(shuō)明是或否? = Need additional information to draw conclusion? = Need additional information to draw conclusion？：需要附加說(shuō)明以定結(jié)論。？：需要附加說(shuō)明以定結(jié)論。D4:DEFINE & VERIFY ROOT CAUSESD4:定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因RemindersReminders提示提示 Note and check out assumptions Note and check out assump

39、tions記錄并檢查假設(shè)記錄并檢查假設(shè) In the event you end up with a large number of likely causes: 結(jié)果你以很有可能的原因的大量數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)束結(jié)果你以很有可能的原因的大量數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)束Re-check your problem description for better data; 對(duì)于較好的數(shù)據(jù)，重檢你的問(wèn)題描述對(duì)于較好的數(shù)據(jù)，重檢你的問(wèn)題描述Check your problem definition; it may be at the wrong level 檢查你的問(wèn)題定義，它有可能是錯(cuò)誤的檢查你的問(wèn)題定義，它有可能是錯(cuò)誤的 Cons

40、ider using screening experiments to help identify key variation 考慮使用拍攝實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程以幫助識(shí)別關(guān)鍵變量考慮使用拍攝實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程以幫助識(shí)別關(guān)鍵變量Verify Root Cause (Field Test)Verify Root Cause (Field Test)驗(yàn)證根本原因（實(shí)用試驗(yàn)）驗(yàn)證根本原因（實(shí)用試驗(yàn)） Do experiment Do experiment 做試驗(yàn)做試驗(yàn) Simulate some situation on different product 對(duì)不同的產(chǎn)品模擬一些情景對(duì)不同的產(chǎn)品模擬一些情景 Make pro

41、blem appear and disappear by removing and placing back the cause. 用排除和后置原因的方法使問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)與消失用排除和后置原因的方法使問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)與消失D4:DEFINE & VERIFY ROOT CAUSESD4:定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因DataData + Information + Information 數(shù)據(jù)資料數(shù)據(jù)資料Is And Is Not Is And Is Not 是與否是與否Difference Difference 差異差異Changes Changes 變化變化Possible Causes

42、Possible Causes 可能存在的原因可能存在的原因Testing Testing 試驗(yàn)試驗(yàn)Most Probable Cause (Root Cause) Most Probable Cause (Root Cause) 最大的可能原因（根本原因）最大的可能原因（根本原因）D4:DEFINE & VERIFY ROOT CAUSESD4:定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因定義和驗(yàn)證根本原因1）Problem is not fixed until在以下幾點(diǎn)之前，問(wèn)題尚未解決在以下幾點(diǎn)之前，問(wèn)題尚未解決:The PCA is implemented PCAThe PCA is implement

43、ed PCA被執(zhí)行被執(zhí)行The Interim Corrective Action (s) at D3 is/are removed D3的臨時(shí)糾正措施被移動(dòng)的臨時(shí)糾正措施被移動(dòng)The changes to the system associated with the PCA are documented. Inform customers as necessary. 被證明的與被證明的與PCA相關(guān)的系統(tǒng)變化，有必要告知顧客相關(guān)的系統(tǒng)變化，有必要告知顧客Controls to monitor the continued effectiveness of the PCA are in place

44、 and operational 監(jiān)控監(jiān)控PCA持續(xù)功效持續(xù)功效 的控制是正確的和可操作的的控制是正確的和可操作的D6：IMPLEMENT PERMANENT CORRECTION ACTIONS（PCA）執(zhí)行永久性糾正措施（執(zhí)行永久性糾正措施（PCA）Plan計(jì)劃Report報(bào)告2）Develop implementation plan逐步開(kāi)展執(zhí)行計(jì)劃逐步開(kāi)展執(zhí)行計(jì)劃:Action PlanAction Plan行動(dòng)計(jì)劃行動(dòng)計(jì)劃 ActionAction行動(dòng)行動(dòng) WhoWho誰(shuí)誰(shuí) WhenWhen什么時(shí)候什么時(shí)候Gantt Chart 甘特圖甘特圖 3) Team composition c

45、heck團(tuán)隊(duì)檢查團(tuán)隊(duì)檢查4) Involve “Do-it Level” people包括執(zhí)行層的成員包括執(zhí)行層的成員Implement執(zhí)行Evaluate評(píng)估D6：IMPLEMENT PERMANENT CORRECTION ACTIONS（PCA）執(zhí)行永久性糾正措施（執(zhí)行永久性糾正措施（PCA）D7:PREVENT RECURRENCE預(yù)防問(wèn)題再次發(fā)生預(yù)防問(wèn)題再次發(fā)生Prevent other similar problems from happening again.Prevent other similar problems from happening again. 預(yù)防類似問(wèn)題的再一次發(fā)生預(yù)防類似問(wèn)題的再一次發(fā)生To fix system level deficiencies 解決系統(tǒng)水平的不足解決系統(tǒng)水平的