英語句子中成分

1、主語(subject)是句子所要說明的人或事物，是句子的主體。主語的位置通常在句首，一般不省略。可以擔(dān)當(dāng)主語的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動詞不定式、動名詞和主語從句。謂語動詞由實義動詞謂語動詞由實義動詞或系動詞擔(dān)任。助動詞或情態(tài)動詞加其他動詞的適當(dāng)形或系動詞擔(dān)任。助動詞或情態(tài)動詞加其他動詞的適當(dāng)形式也構(gòu)成謂語動詞。式也構(gòu)成謂語動詞。英語介詞后也會跟賓語。可作賓語的有名英語介詞后也會跟賓語。可作賓語的有名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、動名詞等。詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、動名詞等。動賓動賓介賓介賓可作表語的有名詞、代詞、形容可作表語的有名詞、代詞、形容詞與分詞、數(shù)詞、動詞不定式、介詞短語以及表語從句等。詞與分詞、數(shù)詞、動詞不定

2、式、介詞短語以及表語從句等。 定語（定語（attribute）是修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或句子。）是修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或句子。單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前；短語和從句單詞作定語時通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前；短語和從句作定語時則放在它所修飾的名詞之后。作定語的有名詞、作定語時則放在它所修飾的名詞之后。作定語的有名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、分詞及其短語、不等式及其短語、介詞短形容詞、數(shù)詞、分詞及其短語、不等式及其短語、介詞短語以及定語從句等。語以及定語從句等。狀語（狀語（adverbial）是修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等的句）是修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞等的句子成分。狀語表示地點、時間、原因、目的

3、、結(jié)果、條子成分。狀語表示地點、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨情況等。作狀語的有副詞、件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨情況等。作狀語的有副詞、名詞、介詞短語、分詞及其短語、動詞不定式及其短語、名詞、介詞短語、分詞及其短語、動詞不定式及其短語、狀語從句等。狀語從句等。主語補(bǔ)足語：主語補(bǔ)足語：賓語補(bǔ)足語：賓語補(bǔ)足語： Pop, a German volunteer, who works in the Olympics language service, said,“ I am looking forward to the Beijing Olympics , as it will

4、be my first volunteer experience in the Olympics.” 1.主語主語+系動詞系動詞+表語（表語（ S+Link.V+P ），說），說 明主語的特征、類屬、狀態(tài)、身份。明主語的特征、類屬、狀態(tài)、身份。You are students.2.主語主語+不及物動詞不及物動詞 ( S + Vi. )注：注：不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。 The car accident was happened yesterday.You will graduate next year.The sun rises in the east.3.主語主

5、語+及物動詞及物動詞+賓語（賓語（S+Vt+O） I like my job very much. He grew some vegetables. Each of you has a dream . 注：及物動詞可用于被動語態(tài)注：及物動詞可用于被動語態(tài)People use a great deal of water in that city.4.主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+間接賓語間接賓語+直接賓語直接賓語 (S+Vt+Oi+Od) 雙賓語雙賓語 bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, return, send, show, teach, tell, wr

6、ite, ask, buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, sing, save等。等。常跟雙賓語的動詞：常跟雙賓語的動詞：Who can find me the eraser?Pass me the eraser. We sawWe sawWe saw5.主語主語+及物動詞及物動詞+賓語賓語+賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)(S+Vt+O+C) 復(fù)合賓語復(fù)合賓語 注：可用作賓補(bǔ)的詞有：名詞、形容詞、注：可用作賓補(bǔ)的詞有：名詞、形容詞、 副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞。副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞。簡單句之歌：簡單句之歌：I like Beijing Tiananmen, Vt

7、. 之后要接賓。之后要接賓。Vi.加介也接賓，加介也接賓，We all live in Beijing.系動詞之后是表語，系動詞之后是表語，We are happy in Beijing.位置互換是雙賓，名形非謂來補(bǔ)賓。位置互換是雙賓，名形非謂來補(bǔ)賓。Homework: 句子成分隨堂練習(xí)句子成分隨堂練習(xí) 找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分找出下列各句中所包含的句子成分Last week I went to the supermarket.The play was very interesting.I cant hear a word.They were talking loudly. It was

8、 Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I looked at the young man and the young woman angrily.I read a few lines, but I didnt understand a word.My holidays passed quickly, but I didnt send cards to my friends.I got up early and bought thirty cards.He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia.He has just bought a car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in