定語從句專練

1、定語從句專講專練1概念：在含有主句和從句的復(fù)合句中，修飾主句中的某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定 語從句。它所修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句就跟在先行詞的后面。用來引導(dǎo)定語從句 的詞叫關(guān)系詞，分為關(guān)系代詞(who,whom,that,which,whose )和關(guān)系副詞 (where,when,why,)。Eg. Did you see the person who/that stole it?This is the pen which/that he is looking for.上面兩例中的先行詞分別是 the person與 the pen,后面是有關(guān)系代詞 who/that;which/that

2、 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。2. 關(guān)系代詞的選擇及功能。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞 who,that,which,whom,whose和關(guān)系副詞 where,when,why。他們放在先行詞和定語從句之間起聯(lián)系作用，同時(shí)又充當(dāng)定語從句 中的一個(gè)成分(如主語或賓語)。有關(guān)先行詞的選擇取決于兩點(diǎn)：先行詞是人還關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語還是賓語。具體用法如下：1當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可以用who或that；當(dāng)先行詞是物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可用which 或 that。Eg. The film which/that they saw was very in teresti ng.The boy who/that is s

3、itti ng in the sun is my brother.2) 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在句中做賓語時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可以省略。Eg. The man (who, whom., that)they are waiting for comes from Japan.3) whose指人或物的所有格。eg. Do you know the boy whose hair is yellow?The classroom whose win dows are closed is ours.4) 關(guān)系畐【J詞 when, where, why =介詞 + whichwhe n 表時(shí)間，跟在 hour, mome nt

4、, day, mon th, year,seas on, tim等 之后。eg. Can you tell me the date whe n/on which you were born? Where 表地點(diǎn)，跟在 place, village ,town, city, home等之后。Eg. This is the place where/in which I grew up.Why表原因，在reason (原因)之后。That' s the reason why she didn' t come to work.3. 特殊情況1當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系

5、代詞必須用that。Eg. This is the best no vel (that) I have ever read.2) 如果指物的先行詞是不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)，必須用that，不能用which。 不定代詞有 all, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one, much, little,every,a ny ,some 等。Eg.I mea n the one (that)you talked about just now.3) 當(dāng)先行詞有the only, the very, the last, the s

6、ame, the firs等詞修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞必須 用 that。Eg. He is the only person( that )1 saw there.which4）關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時(shí)，如果介詞放在它的前面，只能用 或 whom oEg. This is the room that/which he lived_in two years ago.This is the room in which he lived two years ago.The girl who/whom/that he is talking to is my sisiter.The girl to w

7、hom he is talking is my sisiter.但有些介詞短語的固定詞組不能拆開eg. The babies who /that the nurse are look ing after are healthy.5）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞取決于先行詞而不是關(guān)系代詞。Eg. The girl who has long hair is my daughter.The trees that were planted by us last year have grown well.6）當(dāng)引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時(shí)用 thato eg. She

8、is no Ion ger the girl that she wan ted to be.that7）當(dāng)有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上分別表人和物的先行詞時(shí)只能用 eg. He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.8）當(dāng)who ,which開頭的疑問句時(shí)，避免重復(fù)，用thateg. Who is the girl that is sta nding at the door.9）主句是there be結(jié)構(gòu),定語從句用that作關(guān)系代詞eg.There is a seat in the corner that is still f

9、ree.10）,關(guān)系詞只能用which，而不用that的情況：a. 先行詞為that， those時(shí)，用which， 而不用that.例如：What' s that which is under the de? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什么？b. 關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，一般用which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives.這是他居住的房間。c. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，用 which，而不用that.例如：Tom came back, which made us happy.湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。11）當(dāng)先行詞為 anyone,

10、every one, those .he , she , all, any指人時(shí)； 用 who eg: I will shoot anyone who moves . It is he who saved me.專題訓(xùn)練：一.用關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空。1. We n eed comradescan help us.2. The manyou saw yesterday was a doctor from Beiji ng.3. This is a story about a girln ame或 the n ame ofis Liu Hu-la n.4. This is our classro

11、om ,windows或 the windows offace the south.5. Here is a bookwill give a lot of useful kno wledge.6. This is the songwe like best.7. I will n ever forget the day onI first saw him.8. This is the roomLao Liu once lived in.9. Do you still remember the day onhe joined the arm?10. The earth, we all know,

12、moves around the sun.11. is known to al, the earth is round.12. The sun is bigger than the earth is known to us all.13. He did not study hard, led to his failure.14. We used the same type of mach inethey did.15. We have found such materialsare used in their factory.16. Here are five fish. The twower

13、e caught yesterday are gold fish.17. Everythi ngI told you just now is true.18. They talked of the things and pers onsthey remembered in the school.19. There are starswe still don t know in space.20. Li Ying is not the girlshe used to be ten years ago.21. The businessman you saw just now is Jim.22.

14、The room he is now living in is large.23. A fridge is a machine is used for keeping food fresh.24. The person to he is speaking is Mr Black.25. The tomatoeswere in the basket were red.二.將下列句子合并或改為改為定語從句I, This is a people. I went to sha nghai with him.2,I n ever forget the day. I spe nt the day with

15、 my frie nd in sha nghai.3, ,I n ever forget the day. I jo ined the League Member on that day4,. This is a people. I used to play with him.5, He is the only stude nt. He passed the exam.6, she is a girl. Her hair is the Ion gest in the class.7, He is my good frie nd. I ofte n think of her.8, This is

16、 a place . I used to play with my frie nds in this place.9, This is a place . I visited this place last year.10, He is a people. He ofte n helps others.II. I don't know the reason .why he did quarrel with Zhang Lin?12. These are the people and books. I saw the people and books on my way home yes

17、terday.13, The girl with the long hair is my friend.14 The place called Son gxia is my hometow n.15. The man is watch ing TV. He showed us here.16. The pen is mine. He took it away by mistake.17. The sweater is worth 90 yua n. I like it.19. The woman is talking to our teacher. She is my mother.20.Th

18、e boy standing there is my my brother. 三,請(qǐng)找出下列各句中的錯(cuò)誤并加以改正。1. This is the factory where we visited last week.2. This is the watch for that Tom is looking.3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.4. The house in that we live is very small.5. A plane is a machine can fly.6. I ' ve read all the books which I borrowed from the library.7. This is the best film which I have ever seen.8. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.9. Everything which we saw was of great interest.10. T