翻譯學(xué)課后習(xí)題重點(diǎn)總結(jié)

1、翻譯的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) （李玉杰）Criteria of Translationl Alexander Tytler:1. A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work; 譯文應(yīng)完整地再現(xiàn)原文的思想內(nèi)容2. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original; 譯文的風(fēng)格和筆調(diào)應(yīng)與原文的性質(zhì)相同3. A translation should have all the

2、ease of the original composition. 譯文應(yīng)像原文一樣流暢自然l Nida Functional equivalence 功能對(duì)等In the light of linguistic orientation, translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style

3、. ( Nida )（翻譯是用最恰當(dāng)、自然和對(duì)等的語(yǔ)言從語(yǔ)義到文體再現(xiàn)源語(yǔ)的信息）l Yan FuFaithfulness, expressiveness and elegance信、達(dá)、雅l Qian ZhongshuSublimation 化境l Fu LeiSimilarity in spirit 神似 l Lu XunFaithfulness and smoothness忠實(shí)、通順 l Liu ZhongdeFaithfulness, expressiveness and closeness 信達(dá)切l(wèi) Gu ZhengkunPolyadic complementary standard

4、 多元互補(bǔ)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)l Chen HongweiCorrespondence in meaning and similarity in function 意義相符 功能相似l Equivalence 等值l Equivalent effect等效Chapter1 （戴越越）1. 翻譯的本質(zhì) In the light of linguistic orientation, translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language me

5、ssage, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. ( Nida ) By signs involved in it, intralingual translation, interlingual translation and intersemiotic translation. (Roman Jakobson) Translation is in essence during different information exchange and communication. (textbook)5. 翻譯學(xué)研究的

6、思維特點(diǎn) 1) Combination of systematic analysis and systematic comprehension 2) Combination of vertical orientation and landscape orientation 3) Combination of accuracy and ambiguity 4) Combination of radiation and convergence 5) Combination of recall and advance6. 翻譯學(xué)的學(xué)科特點(diǎn) Translatology is also called S

7、cience of Translation or Study of Translation. Translatology is a science to study translation. It is a comprehensive science consisting of general translatology, special translatology and applied translatology. It deals with general laws of translation, studies of translation with special reference

8、 to Chinese and English, and methods to apply theories to practice.8. 新老三論的內(nèi)容 1). Philosophic Method 2). Horizontal Method 3). Discipline Method9. 什么是學(xué)科方法 翻譯中常用的學(xué)科方法有？ Different languages have the same structural principal: 1). Consonant + vowel 2). Intonation 3). Extending from concrete to abstract

9、 4). Reasonable word 5). Adj.+N.; Adv.+V. 6). Coordination 7). Shift of perspective 8). Subject + predicate 9). Active and passive 10). Negative, interrogative, command Chapter2 （段娟）Association:4，聯(lián)想：聯(lián)想既是譯者在接受原文時(shí)的一種途徑和方法，也是再傳播過(guò)程中再創(chuàng)造的基礎(chǔ)。聯(lián)想是在一定條件下所產(chǎn)生的對(duì)原文文本的一種偏離。但這種偏離又不違背原文文本的整體性意義和底蘊(yùn)與內(nèi)涵，往往使譯文更生動(dòng)，形象，更富于

10、創(chuàng)作性。想象不同于聯(lián)想，它并不只局限于形象性而是基于原文的總體框架和意蘊(yùn)，而產(chǎn)生出更大的創(chuàng)造性，它可以使原文的片斷變成整體，使部分變成圓滿，空缺得到填充，不定得到確定，他是一種創(chuàng)造意識(shí)。5，F(xiàn)unctions and status of the original text:The original text is the medium of the author and translator.Translation is a rewriting of the original text.8，所謂“權(quán)力”，是指一切控制力與支配力 所謂“話語(yǔ)”，這一術(shù)語(yǔ)在Foucalt(?？?那里，早已超出語(yǔ)言學(xué)

11、和文藝學(xué)中的話語(yǔ)概念。它是“權(quán)力”的表現(xiàn)形式，所有權(quán)力都是通過(guò)話語(yǔ)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。原因：譯者的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，教育背景，經(jīng)歷與經(jīng)驗(yàn)，都會(huì)形成不同于別人的先在結(jié)構(gòu)，他又是以這種先在結(jié)構(gòu)作為基礎(chǔ)參與作者對(duì)話的，其對(duì)話后生成的意義必然不可能完全與他人相同。12， Multiplicity of translation criteria信、達(dá)、雅忠實(shí)、通順神似化境等值等效Faithfulness, expressiveness and eleganceFaithfulness and smoothnessSimilarity in spiritSublimationEquivalenceEquivalent ef

12、fect可以說(shuō)，對(duì)于翻譯活動(dòng)而言，企圖定出一條放之四海而皆準(zhǔn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)不可能的。它必須是多元的，它們之間有各自的側(cè)重，又可以互為補(bǔ)充。Chapter3 （李玢偉）（1）1. Whatever relation of the two objects is, substitution or association, symbol does not refer to the object itself, hence the meaning comes out;2. Symbol has a material form, otherwise, it can not be aware by the rec

13、eiver;3. Symbol process includes sender and receiver, that is, a relation of subject and object. （4）老師沒(méi)有給出具體的答案，在書上第84-85頁(yè)。（5）老師沒(méi)有給出具體的答案，在書上第86-87頁(yè)。(15) 老師沒(méi)有給出具體的答案，在書上第154，第159-160頁(yè)。 （這道題我沒(méi)有勾，但是其他同學(xué)勾上了，所以我還是找答案了！）Chapter 4 （黃先群）（這章老師沒(méi)有給題目，就總結(jié)了一下PPT）4.1 Objective Study - Meaning Searching4.1.1 Mean

14、ing is the combination of the two(Yizhi and Yiwei). Translation is translating meaning. (Nida) Meaning is the tie of the subject and object. It is also the tie of man and the world. Translation is a cross cultural, cross interlingual communicative activity.4.1.2 Original Text The Decisive As Well As

15、 the Open OneP168的四點(diǎn)問(wèn)題 （1）The language the author used with personal experience and emotional force（2）The distance between the author and the language he used（3）The abstract and ambiguity of the language itself（4）Different people, different understanding4.1.3 Heteronomy of the Text- the Main Evidenc

16、e of Translator Literal works contain not only authorythmicity but also heteronomy. Language is a tool of communication.4.2 Aspect Features of Literary TextIngargen put forward: There are five aspects in the combination of form and contents:(1)Sound (2)Combination of meaningful units(3)Represented o

17、bject(4)Schematized aspects(5)Metaphysical qualityProf. Tong Qingbing put forward: There are three aspects in the literary text:(1) Literal discourse(2)Literary image(3)Literary implication4.3.2 Text of Law and Its TranslationThe following rules should be followed:1. Clear in order2. Accurate in lan

18、guage3. Serious in writing4. Formal in styleText of Advertisement and Its TranslationAdvertisement has the following functions:Informative functionAesthetic functionExpressive functionVocative functionPrinciple : Similarity in functionSlogan of Advertisement:Literal translation, shift of perspective

19、 and imitative translation:Chapter 5 （孫曉莉）1 What is power discourse?(P207)Power discourse theory is put forward by French philosopher Michel Foucault who defined “power” as all the things and concepts that could direct and control peoples ideas and behaviors. And discourse in his theory is far beyon

20、d that in linguistics and literature. According to him, discourse is the form of power and all power come into effect in the way of discourse, namely, in fact, power refers to the power to deliver a discourse. Restrictions from power discourse:External Control - Society Control/ Ideology ControlInte

21、rnal Control of Languages2 What functions do context have? Context has 8 functions: (according to 西楨光正教授 P219)Absolute functionRestrictive functionExplanatory functionDesign functionOmission and amplification functionGenerative functionTransformational functionAcquisition functionChapter 6（易三琴）1. 翻譯

22、主體有哪些責(zé)任？社會(huì)責(zé)任social responsibility學(xué)術(shù)責(zé)任academic responsibility 道德責(zé)任moral responsibility2. 翻譯者的主體性在傳統(tǒng)翻譯研究中為什么不受重視？因?yàn)閷?duì)于大多數(shù)不懂外文的人來(lái)說(shuō)，它們往往把譯文文本當(dāng)作原文文本來(lái)讀，以為至理，以為指南3. 主體和客體的關(guān)系是什么？在翻譯活動(dòng)中是如何體現(xiàn)的？主體和客體是一對(duì)關(guān)系范疇，它們互相規(guī)定，彼此依存。4. 譯者的再創(chuàng)造性主要體現(xiàn)在哪幾個(gè)方面？“Recreation” mainly embodies the following: Psychological attention and

23、aesthetic expectation before reading; Recreation and reconstruction of text in the process of reading;Text reconstruction in the process of translation5. 為什么說(shuō)譯者既有主動(dòng)的一面又有被動(dòng)的一面？因?yàn)樗苤饨绲闹萍s，也受著客體本身的制約Chapter 7 （陳詠梅）5 語(yǔ)義成分成分分析在翻譯活動(dòng)中起到怎樣的作用？（P302-310）Componential Analysisl Word can be divided into sememes

24、 which can be called semantic feature or semantic components. This method is called componential analysis.l The function of the componential analysis is to help the translator understand the accurate meaning of words in original text.l Componential analysis is also a good way for checking when trans

25、lation is done.l Componential analysis is an effective way in doing accurate translation, getting the text fully understood and assuring the quality of translation. l Componential analysis is an important step in control activity in translation.11. 翻譯腔的問(wèn)題應(yīng)如何看待？(P316-318)Advantages and Disadvantages of Translationese13. 風(fēng)格是否可譯？在風(fēng)格翻譯中影遵循怎樣的原則？（P319-330）Language sty