項(xiàng)目管理驗(yàn)收問題總結(jié)

1、0.This project is “Library Management System”O(jiān)ur project helps library to make money and helps librarians easier to manage the libraryIt is a website based on Python & Html & MySQL, which is fast and stable1.開發(fā)架構(gòu)方式：B/S架構(gòu)，開發(fā)方法：scrum2.Scrum is a lightweight agile project management framework m

2、ainly used for software development. The Scrum Framework tries to deal with the fact that the requirements are likely to change quickly or are not completely known at the start of the project. Another central aspect within the Scrum Framework is continuous improvement: inspect & adapt. （檢查和適應(yīng)）Sc

3、rum敏捷開發(fā)（agile ædl  development）的關(guān)鍵字就是增量、迭代，他更重視項(xiàng)目團(tuán)隊(duì)之間的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)溝通，不向傳統(tǒng)瀑布式開發(fā)那樣需要萬(wàn)事具備，才開始開發(fā)，Scrum在大方向和小故事點(diǎn)確認(rèn)好了后，團(tuán)隊(duì)就可以開動(dòng)了。product owner（產(chǎn)品負(fù)責(zé)人）、scrum master（團(tuán)隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)人）、scrum team（開發(fā)/測(cè)試團(tuán)隊(duì)）。· Product owner :需求方，提出需求，能對(duì)功能流程、業(yè)務(wù)流程拍板的人。· Scrum master :團(tuán)隊(duì)負(fù)責(zé)人，負(fù)責(zé)解決團(tuán)隊(duì)各類問題，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)項(xiàng)目的人。· Scrum team :項(xiàng)目執(zhí)行人員

4、，一般指項(xiàng)目具體開發(fā)和測(cè)試的人員。· Scrum開發(fā)的步驟：· 步驟一：頭腦風(fēng)暴· 輸出一個(gè)產(chǎn)品建議表。· 步驟二：product owner對(duì)產(chǎn)品建議表進(jìn)行篩選并做減法，提煉最核心的需求。· 步驟三：工作量估算· 把任務(wù)量化，· 然后估算總體項(xiàng)目時(shí)間。· 把每個(gè)任務(wù)都貼在白板上面，白板上分三部分：· （1）to do-待完成（2）in progress-進(jìn)展中（3）done-完成步驟四：SprintEach Sprint start with two planning sessions to defin

5、e the content of the Sprint: the WHAT-Meeting and the HOW-Meeting. In the WHAT-Meeting the Scrum Team commits to the User Stories from the Scrum Product Backlog and It uses a HOW-Meeting to break the committed User Stories into smaller and concrete tasks. Then implementation begins.經(jīng)過(guò)討論后，已經(jīng)把任務(wù)量化到需要具

6、體完成的時(shí)間，然后把n個(gè)任務(wù)按照開發(fā)的重要度，組合成n個(gè)sprint（沖刺），每次執(zhí)行一個(gè)sprint。· Sprint：每個(gè)sprint都是獨(dú)立的，一般先做主要功能，再到次要功能，再到小功能，最后的sprint一般是修復(fù)bugs。）· 步驟五：評(píng)估· 需要改的地方還是要改的3.backlog：分三種backlog：1 product backlog：The Product Backlog consists everything that needs to be done in order to successfully deliver a working sof

7、tware system. A list of features prioritized by business value2 sprint backlog ：Within the Sprint Backlog all activities required to complete the committed entries from the Scrum Product Backlog are stored. The highest-priority items from the product backlog to be completed within a sprint3 release

8、backlog4.Creating the Work Breakdown Structure 工作分解結(jié)構(gòu) (WBS)A WBS is a deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project. WBS是一個(gè)面向交付的分組工作，它定義了項(xiàng)目的總范圍。WBS is a foundation document that provides the basis for planning and managing project schedul

9、es, costs, resources, and changes.A work package(工作包) is a task at the lowest level of the WBS.no task is less than 8 hours or more than 80 hours in the WBS. If a task is greater than 80 hours then it needs to be decomposed further into work packages.A WBS dictionary is a document that describes det

10、ailed information about each WBS itemWBS分四層：project, release，sprint，work package.5.Gantt charts provide a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a calendar format 甘特圖通過(guò)列出項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)及其相應(yīng)的開始和完成日期以日歷格式提供了顯示項(xiàng)目進(jìn)

11、度信息的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)格式。記住example中的箭頭所代表的意思Milestones emphasize important events or accomplishments(完成的工作) on projects6.Estimating Costs If possible, estimate costs by major WBS categories（老師問你這項(xiàng)預(yù)算是怎么得出的時(shí)候，猜測(cè)答案是，根據(jù)wbs）1Training can help people understand themselves, each other, and how to work better in teamsTeam

12、building activities includephysical challenges2Reserves are dollars included in a cost estimate to mitigate（減輕） cost risk by allowing for future situations that are difficult to predict.當(dāng)問起reserves有什么用的時(shí)候可以回答 for unknown riskreserves allow for future situations that may be partially planned for (som

13、etimes called known unknowns) and are included in the project cost baselineRP=Rate of performance3.CPI and SPI less than 100% indicate problemsProblems mean the project is costing more than planned (over budget) or taking longer than planned (behind schedule)CPI和SPI小于100%表示問題問題意味著項(xiàng)目的成本超過(guò)計(jì)劃（超出預(yù)算）或花費(fèi)比

14、計(jì)劃的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)（進(jìn)度落后）。The CPI can be used to calculate the estimate at completion (EAC)an estimate of what it will cost to complete the project based on performance to date. The budget at completion (BAC) is the original total budget for the projectCPI可以用來(lái)計(jì)算完工時(shí)的估計(jì)（EAC）根據(jù)完工日期估算完成項(xiàng)目的費(fèi)用?？⒐ゎA(yù)算（BAC）是該項(xiàng)目最初的總預(yù)算。7.RA

15、CIR = responsibilityA = accountability, only one A per taskC = consultationI = informed問題1：?jiǎn)柲鉹aci是什么，回答各個(gè)字母代表的意思。問題2：根據(jù)你在項(xiàng)目中的分工，問你你應(yīng)該找誰(shuí)溝通，你就在你是r的那一行里找一個(gè)為c的人，他就是你要溝通的人。8.Performing Quantitative(定量的) Risk Analysis technologies often require extensive(大量的) quantitative risk analysis Main techniques include: Decision tree analysis Expected Monetary Value (EMV) 預(yù)期貨幣價(jià)值 Simulation Sensitivity analysisPlanning Risk Responses Four main