主謂一致英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)知識(shí)總結(jié)_第1頁(yè)
主謂一致英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)知識(shí)總結(jié)_第2頁(yè)
主謂一致英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)知識(shí)總結(jié)_第3頁(yè)
主謂一致英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)知識(shí)總結(jié)_第4頁(yè)
主謂一致英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)知識(shí)總結(jié)_第5頁(yè)
已閱讀5頁(yè),還剩2頁(yè)未讀 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說(shuō)明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡(jiǎn)介

1、主謂一致周容發(fā)布時(shí)間:2010-8-610:10:19英語(yǔ)中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上必須保持一致。這種一致關(guān)系一般遵循三條原則:語(yǔ)法一致原則、概念(意義)一致原則、毗鄰一致原則。在用英語(yǔ)表達(dá)時(shí),必須注意主謂一致,否則就容易出錯(cuò)。本文以三條原則為基礎(chǔ)對(duì)英語(yǔ)主謂一致進(jìn)行論述。1 、語(yǔ)法上一致(grammatialconcord)。主要指動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在數(shù)和人稱上的一致。傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則大多符合這個(gè)原則。2 主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:Thisgirliscleverenoughtostudymathswell.Themasseshavefullconfid

2、enceinthetheirleaders3 、一些由兩個(gè)部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如glasses(眼鏡),clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses(圓規(guī)),shopsticks,scissors,scales優(yōu)平),spectacles(眼鏡),gloves,stochings,pants等。例如:Histrousershavewornout.Myglassesarenew.但如果主語(yǔ)由“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。例如:Apairofshoeswasinthebox.

3、“pair,piece+of+名詞或物主代詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與pair和piece等詞保持一致,與of之后的名詞或代詞無(wú)關(guān)。例如:Thepiecesofstonewerethencarriedtothenewplaceforthetemple,60metreshigherupthehill.Theywatchedpairsofpeoplewhoweresittingincollegecoffeeshopsforatleastanhour.3、如果主語(yǔ)被morethanone.或manya.修飾時(shí),盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容,但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。這符合語(yǔ)法一致原則。例如:Moretha

4、nonestudenthasseenthefilm.Manyashiphasbeendamagedinthestorm.但是,“more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thanone”結(jié)構(gòu)之后,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:Moremembersthanoneareagainstyourplan.4、each,every,no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號(hào)連接成多個(gè)并列主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式。例如:Eachboyandeachgirlwantstoservethepeople.Noteacherandnostudentisexcusedfromtakingpartinsuchastormydiscussio

5、n.Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoeducation.5、由and或bothand連結(jié)的主語(yǔ)有復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí),用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。這是遵循語(yǔ)法上一致原則的。例如:Ahammerandasawaretobeused.BothmysisterandmycousinstudyinShanghai.Plasticsandrubberneverrot.Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.但是,并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,這時(shí)and后面的名詞沒(méi)有冠詞。例如:Thedirectorandc

6、hiefengineerisanexperiencedperson.Aknifeandforkisonthetable.Thegirlsteacherandfriendisayoungdoctor.Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.Toloveandtobelovedisthegreathappiness.6 、thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(這種書(shū))其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù);短語(yǔ)thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口語(yǔ)()這一類人),但thiskindofmen作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),menofthi

7、skind和thesekindofmen的謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。allkindsof后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:Thiskindofmenisdangerous.Menofthiskindaredangerous.Thiskindofmanannoysme.Therearethreekindsofcomputer.Somenewtypesofbusareonshow.7 、不定代詞each,either,neither,none,all,one,theother,anyone,anything,someone,some,more等作主語(yǔ),因其有單數(shù)意義,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù),以符合語(yǔ)法上一致原則。但

8、在某特定情況下,不定代詞也有復(fù)數(shù)概念,這時(shí)一般用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。這樣,語(yǔ)言流暢自然而且也符合概念上一致和緊鄰一致原則。例如:Eachtakesacupofcoffee.Nobodyislistening.Nowallhasbeenchanged.Allarepresent.IinvitedbothPeterandJohn,butneitherhavecome.Iwonderifeitherarecoming.Thespeechwastedious.Nobody,noteventheteacher,werelistening.但Either,none,any,和neither后面如果有“of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞

9、或代詞”,動(dòng)詞可以用復(fù)數(shù),也可以用單數(shù);在正式文體中,單數(shù)形式更常用。例如:Do(es)anyofyouknowhisaddress.Noneofthemhas(have)seenthefilm.Weareexpectingguestsfromthecountry,butnoneofthemhasarrived.8 、當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togeterwith,but,except,besidees,including,inadditionto等引導(dǎo)的詞組時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主

10、語(yǔ)中心詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如:Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasexcited.Anirenandsteelworks,withsomesatellitefactories,istobebuilthere.He,likeyouandXiaoLiisveryclever.NobodybutSmithandJohnwasinthelaboratoryyesterday.Everypictureexceptthesetwohasbeensold.Noone,besidesHelen,Joan,Mary,andAlice,iswillingtohelpme.Thefact

11、ory,includingitsmachines,wasburntlastnight.Hissisternolessthanyouiswrong.Thefather,ratherthanthebrothers,isresponsiblefortheaccident.但以下兩例除外,把它們可以看做受緊鄰關(guān)系影響。Nooneexcepthisownsupportersagree.(張道真語(yǔ)法第426頁(yè))(GCE,7.24)Onemanwithhiswife,bothlookingveryanxious,werepleadingwithaguardtoletthemthrough.(GCE,7.28

12、,Noteb)9、關(guān)系代詞who,that,which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。例如:Thosewhowanttogopleasesignyournameshere.Someoftheenergythatisusedbymancomesfromthesun.Oldstampsthathavenotbeenusedareusuallymoreexpensivethanusedstamps.He,whodoesnotreachtheGreatWall,isnotatrueman.10、在"Itis或Itwas+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who."

13、的強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)句中,當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí),who或that后的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的詞保持一致。例如:Itishewhooftenhelpsme.ItisIwhohavesavedhiswife.11、在"oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/which/that”引導(dǎo)的的從句結(jié)構(gòu)中,關(guān)系代詞whothatwhich的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one,因此,從句中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestiongsthathavebeenasked.但是,但one之前有theonly等修飾語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞的先行詞是one,而不是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,因此從句的

14、動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。例如:Shewastheonlyoneofthegrilswhowaslateforthemeeting.12、“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“alotof、lotsof、plentyof、a(large)quantyof、therestof、aheapof、heapof+名詞”構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與短語(yǔ)中of后面的名詞數(shù)保持一致,這是因?yàn)槎陶Z(yǔ)中of后面的名詞是中心詞,而名詞前面的短語(yǔ)是修飾語(yǔ)。例如:70%oftheearthssurfaceiscoveredbywater.Iknowthatoneofthetowersisonthetopofahill,b

15、uttherestofthebuildingsareeasytogetto.Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.PlentyofEnglishbooksareontheshelf.Alargequantityofbeerwassold.Aquantityofblouseswereonsale.13) a(great)numberof,many,afew,quiteafew修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);alittle,much,agreatdealof,alargeamoutof修飾

16、不可數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:AnumberofotherplantswerefoundinAmerica,forexample,beans,potatoesanddifferentfruits.Agreatdealoftroubleliesbeforeus.Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.14) (large)quantitiesof修飾可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。Largeamountsof修飾不可數(shù)名詞,其短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Qua

17、ntitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.15) thenumberof+可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞,theamountof+不可數(shù)名詞,thequantityof+可數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:Thequantityofbooksinthelibraryisamazing.Asaresult,thenumberofpeoplewhotravelbyplaneinChinaislargerthaneverbefore.Thequantityofheatintheof

18、ficehasnotbeenincreased.Theamountofmoneyisgreat.16) halfof,(a)partof修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)及不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Halfoftheyearhaspassed.Halfofthefruitisbad.Apartofthestoriesareinteresting.Partofhismoneyisspentinbuyingbooks.17),動(dòng)名詞及動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、從句,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:Noddingtheheadmeansagreement,whilesh

19、akingitmeansdisagreement.ToholdtheOlympicGamesisarichprizeforacountry.Whetherhesucceedsorfailsdoesntconcernme.Whentheywillcomehasntbeenmadepublic.Thatthishadhappenedisnotyourfault.2.概念(意義)上一致(notionalconcord).指動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上的一致是根據(jù)數(shù)的概念而不是根據(jù)數(shù)的形式。18)某些集體名詞,形式雖為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Thepolicearesearchingf

20、orhim.Cattleareonecauseoftheproblem.Thecrowdwererunningfortheirlives.TheChinesepeoplearebraveandhare-working.但people作“民族”講時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)。例如:Everypeoplehasitsownwaysofliving.TheChinesepeopleisabraveandhard-workingone.19)主語(yǔ)形式為復(fù)數(shù)而意義上卻是單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。這類詞有表示學(xué)科的名詞:physics,economics,statistics,linguistics,athletic

21、s,politics,mathematics.有表示山川,河流,人名,地名,作品名稱的專有名詞。如:theAlps,thePhilippines,Athens,Williams,TheTimes,theUnitedStates,theArabianNights等。有些常見(jiàn)的形復(fù)意單的普通名詞,如means,news,works,measles,headquarters等。例如:Mathematicsisaveryinpertantsubject.Statisticsishismajor.TheUnitedStatesisinthewesternhemisphere.“TheArabianNig

22、hts”isaveryinterestingstorybook.Tadaysnewsisquitesurpising.TheAlpsisinEurope.Theglassworkswasrebiultin1959.AthensisthecapitalofGreece.TheTimeshasawidecirculation.Everymeanshasbeenadopted.但有時(shí)這類詞有復(fù)數(shù)意義,這時(shí)動(dòng)詞就要用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried,Statisticsshowthatthereisagreatincreaseinproduction.20)某些集

23、體名詞(如family,team等)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果作為一個(gè)整體看待,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式;如果就其中的個(gè)體而言,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。這類名詞有:audience,class,club,committee,company,crew,crowd,enemy,government,group,party,public,team,population等。例如:Myfamilyalllovemusic.Myfamilyisnotlarge.Thefootballteamarehavingbathsnow.Thefootballteamisplayingwell.ThepopulationinChinais

24、verylarge,andeightypercentofthepopulationinChinaarefarmers.“agroup(crowd)of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”等短語(yǔ)之后謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù),前者強(qiáng)調(diào)整體,后者強(qiáng)調(diào)部分。21)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),(如,sheep,deer,Chinese,Japanese等),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)意義決定單復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Asheepisoverthere.Somesheepareoverthere.Deerrunfasterthandogs.22)名詞所有格之后名詞被省略的情況一般只指商店、工場(chǎng)、住宅等,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。常見(jiàn)的省略名詞有:the

25、baker's,thebarber's,thecarpenter's,theZhang's等。例如:Myuncle'sisnotfarfromhere.Thedoctorsisonthesideofthestreet.表示店鋪的名詞一般作集體名詞看待,但用作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Richardsonavsehalotofleathergoodstosell.23)當(dāng)詞組中心詞為表示度量,距離,金額,時(shí)間等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí),往往可以根據(jù)意義一致原則,把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:Threeyearshaspassed.Tenmon

26、thsisenoughforthemtomakeatrip.Fivepoundsisquiteenough.24)如果名詞詞組中心詞是all,most,half,rest,part等詞語(yǔ),表示的是復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式,表示的是單數(shù)意義,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。例如:Allofmyclassmatesworkhard.Allofthewaterisgone.25) )名詞性物主代詞后的動(dòng)詞,既可以用單數(shù),也可以用復(fù)數(shù),這取決與它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Ours(ourparty)isagreatparty.Yourshoesareblack,minearebrown.26) such,th

27、esame作指示代詞用時(shí),應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指代的內(nèi)容來(lái)決定單復(fù)數(shù)。例如:Suchisourplan.Sucharehiswords.27) 、疑問(wèn)代詞who,what,which作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可根據(jù)說(shuō)話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單復(fù)數(shù)。例如:WholivesnextdoorItisXiaoLiu。Wholivenextdoor?TheZhangs.Whichis(are)yourbook(s).Whatproduce(s)heat?28) )、基數(shù)詞單純表示數(shù)字作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式,但當(dāng)基數(shù)詞表示的不是數(shù)值而是數(shù)量的時(shí)候,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:Tenbillionisalargen

28、umber.Twelvewereboys.英語(yǔ)中算術(shù)式作主語(yǔ)時(shí),若是減法和除法算式,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式;若是加法和乘法,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如;Threetakenfromeightleavesfive.TwelvedividedbyfouristhreeThreeand(plus)twois/arefourThreetimesfivesis/arefifteen.在提問(wèn)加、減、乘、除得數(shù)時(shí),如果用howmuch,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)形式;如果用howmany提問(wèn),位于動(dòng)詞多用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:Howmuchiseightdividedbytwo?Howmanyaretwotimesf

29、ive?29) 、表示數(shù)量的oneandahalf后,名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)視具體情況而定。中心詞表示金錢、距離、時(shí)間等詞,常被看作是一個(gè)整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣用單數(shù);中心詞是apple,banana等可數(shù)名詞時(shí),位于動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣用復(fù)數(shù),因?yàn)閛neandahalfof是大于“一”的概念。例如:Oneandahalfhoursisenoughformetofinishthecomposition.Oneandahalfbananaareleftonthetable.30) 如果主語(yǔ)由“the+形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)通常用復(fù)數(shù),這類詞有thebrave,thepoor,therich,thebl

30、ind,thedead,thedeefanddumb,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等;但也有少數(shù)的過(guò)去分詞與定冠詞連用時(shí)指?jìng)€(gè)別,則用單數(shù)。例如:Thtblindstudyinspecialschools.Thericharefortheplan,butthepoorareagainstit.Thedepartedwasawell-knownengineer.31) 、theworld作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。例如:Itwillbethebiggetliveconcertthattheworldhaseverseen.Thew

31、holeworldiswatchingfortheresultsoftalks.Halftheworldlivesbelowthepovertyline32) 、由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù);所指的具體內(nèi)容若是復(fù)數(shù)意義,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如:Whatweneedismoretime.Whatweneedaredoctors。Whathesaysanddoesdoesnotconcernme.Whathesaysanddoesdonotagree.3、毗鄰一直(preximity)。指的是動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致。33)、由or,either.or,neither.nor,notonly-butalso,notbut連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與最靠近它的那個(gè)詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。例如;Afewnotebooksor

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無(wú)特殊說(shuō)明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒(méi)有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒(méi)有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫(kù)網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評(píng)論

0/150

提交評(píng)論