現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別

1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)都表示一個(gè)在過(guò)去完成的動(dòng)作。它們屬于不同時(shí)間的兩種時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的范疇，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)屬于過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的范疇。下面我們先從構(gòu)成形式上區(qū)別一下兩種時(shí)態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式為：“（havse）+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞” 像 have/has done ： 而一般過(guò)去時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式為： “動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式”像 did . 例如：Jack s mother took him to school every day when hewas in primary school.杰克在小學(xué)時(shí)他媽媽每天送他上學(xué)。Maria has never read any Ch

2、inese stories.瑪利亞從未讀過(guò)中國(guó)故事。2. 基本用法不同： “對(duì)現(xiàn)在影響”、 “持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”正如前面所說(shuō)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)態(tài)，屬現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的范疇，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)最大的區(qū)別有兩點(diǎn)：它側(cè)重于過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)是一種過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，側(cè)重于表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)。例如:Yesterday I went to the zoo. 昨天我去了動(dòng)物園。（僅說(shuō)明昨天去了動(dòng)物園，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)）Li Lei has read the book.李磊已看過(guò)那本書(shū)。（說(shuō)明李磊了解那本書(shū)的內(nèi)容）另外， 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以表示動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)

3、性它常與for 及 since 引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：He has lived here for ten years. 他已在這兒住了10 年了。比較：1 .） The Greens have worked in China since 1998.格林一家自1998 年到現(xiàn)在一直在中國(guó)工作。The Greens worked in China in 1998. 格林一家1998 年在中國(guó)工作。2 .） He has lived in the country for a long time.他在農(nóng)村生活了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。（現(xiàn)在還在農(nóng)村）He lived in the country for a

4、 long time before he came to town.他進(jìn)城前在農(nóng)村生活了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。3 .） She has bought a bicycle. 她買(mǎi)了一輛自行車(chē)。（現(xiàn)在她有一輛自行車(chē)了。）She bought a bicycle last year. 去年她買(mǎi)了一輛自行車(chē)。4 .） He has won a prize for his invention.他因?yàn)樗陌l(fā)明而獲獎(jiǎng)了。He also won a prize last year.他去年也獲獎(jiǎng)了。、/、1 ? > a注意：在與 for 及 since 引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用時(shí)，句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，終止性

5、動(dòng)詞不可和一段時(shí)間連用。例如：他當(dāng)兵已三年了。誤： He has become a soldier for three years.誤：Hejoined the army for three years.正：Hehas been a soldier for three years.正：Hehas been in the army for three years.1. 連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)除了上面所說(shuō)明的由since 和for 引導(dǎo)的一段時(shí)間外還有：already, yet, still ,just, so far,in the last(past), before, e

6、ver, never 等。而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則常與 ago, yesterday, last, in 2000, just now 等連用。注意： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)不可與yesterday, last week, two daysago 等之類(lèi)的表示具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。例如：Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grassin the park?你曾在公園里摘過(guò)花或曾踩過(guò)草地嗎？Father bought that watch ten years ago.爸爸 10 年前買(mǎi)了那塊手表。I have never seen the film be

7、fore.我以前沒(méi)有看過(guò)這部影片。注意：在when 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句中不可用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而你什么時(shí)候訪問(wèn)過(guò)日本?只可用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。例如：When did you visit Japan?Exercises:同步練習(xí)動(dòng)詞填空：1. saw I(see) Tom last Friday.2. Did , go you(go) to the Great Wall last summer?3. When did_ you start(start) tolive in China?5. -The train(leave) already.-When the train(leave)?6. It is f

8、ive years since I(meet) you last.7. Where you(be) for the lasttwo weeks?8. I(lose) my pen in the bedroom.I have to write with a pencil.單項(xiàng)選擇：9. 1.Where the recorder? I can ' tsee it anywhere.-I it right here. But now it ' sgone!A. did you put; have putB. haveyou put; putC. had you put; was pu

9、ttingD. wereyou putting; have put( )2. My father here since he tothis school.A. taught; cameB. hastaught; cameC. taught; has comeD. hastaught; has come( )3. I am sorry you ' ve missed the train. It10 minutes ago.( 山東)A. leftB. has leftC. has beenleft D. had left( )4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you ag

10、ain! It ' s one year since I last you.( 重慶)A. sawB. seeC.seeingD. have seen( )5. - Have you visited the Dinosaur World, Elsa?(宇波)Yes, I it yesterday.A. have visited B. had visitedC.visitedD. visit( )6.Nice to see you. I you for along time.(南京)I in Bejing. I ' ve just come back.A. hadn '

11、t seen; amB. haven ' tseen; wasC. didn ' t see; will beD. havenseen; shall be( )7.What is the weather like this summer here?- There very little rain.A. hasB. has beenC.areD. have been( )8. When you your dictionary?A. did; lose B. has; lostC. will; lose D.does; lose( )9. Where you? Which answer isnot right?A. are; goingB. have;beenC. did; goD. are; doing( )10. There many great changes in myhometown since ten