現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

1、1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在有了結(jié)果，對現(xiàn)在造成影響。該時(shí)態(tài)還可表示開 始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。它是一個(gè)把過去和現(xiàn)在密切聯(lián)系起來 的時(shí)態(tài)。（ 2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成： have/has+過去分詞（3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法：1）表示（不確定的）過去發(fā)生（可能剛結(jié)束）的動(dòng)作（通常為短暫性動(dòng)詞），但它所造成的狀態(tài)目前依然存在，后面通常不用時(shí)間狀語，但句中常出現(xiàn) just, recently, lately, already, yet （用于疑問句和否定句）等副詞。如：I ve just finished reading the novel

2、.我 剛剛讀完這本小說。Have you seen the doctor yet? 你看過醫(yī)生了嗎？2）表示從過去某時(shí)開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（有可能到將來）（通常為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞），常和 for+ 時(shí)間段（ for 可以省略）或 since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)（如：then/1998/five years ago/he left ） , today, now, so far, up to now, up till now, this week/month/year, in/during/over/for the last/past few years/days 等時(shí)間狀語連用。如：She has b

3、een a teacher for twenty years. 她已經(jīng)當(dāng)了 20 年的老師了。I haven t seen Justin since last Friday nigh自t. 上周五晚到現(xiàn)在我一直沒看到賈斯廷。3 ） 表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的反復(fù)性和習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，常和 always, often, from time to time, frequently, ever, never, seldom, before, once,等表示頻tim度e的s 副詞和短語連用。 如：I have often/never heard her sing this song. 我經(jīng)常 / 從未聽她唱這首歌

4、。Some villagers say that they have seen UFOs many times. 有些村民說他們多次看到過 飛碟。4）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可用于時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中代替將來完成時(shí), 此時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成。如：Let wait unttilh e rain stops/has stopped. 讓我們等到雨停了。If anyone has found a watch, would they please leave it on my desk? 如有人發(fā)現(xiàn)一塊手 表，可否請他放在我桌上？I will write the letter when I have finished

5、 the book. 我看完這本書后就寫信。5）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可用于某些固定句型中。如： “ It/This/That is the first/second+thattim從e句 ”，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。s phoned her this morBill is phoning his girlfriend again. That s the third time that he比爾又在給他女朋友打電話了。這已是他今天上午第三次給她打電話了。 “ is the 形+ 容詞最高級 +名詞+定語從句 ”，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。He is the most diligent student

6、that I have （ever） taught 他是我教過的最勤奮的學(xué)生。 “It is + 一段時(shí)間 +since+一般過去時(shí)（謂語動(dòng)詞為短暫性動(dòng)詞） ”。如：It is two years since he left the country. 他離開這個(gè)國家已有兩年了。=He left the country two years ago.=He has been away from the country for two years. leave 等短暫性動(dòng)詞必須改換成相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。成對的詞有：become-be; come/arrive-be here, go/leave-be a

7、way, return/get back-be back, die-be dead; join the army-serve in the army, marry-be married to, borrow-the book-keep the book, catch a cold-have a cold, start/begin-be on （ 開始， 進(jìn)行， 放映 ），end/finish/stop-be over, appear-be there, disappear-be gone, get lost-be missing （丟失）。2 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(1) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)定義：現(xiàn)在完成

8、進(jìn)行時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過去某時(shí)開始， 一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在， 可能剛停止， 也可能還在 繼續(xù)(視上下文確定) ?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)一般不用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。( 2)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成： have/has+been+現(xiàn)在分詞 (3)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本用法：1) 表示過去開始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并仍在繼續(xù)之中。它常和how long, for+ 時(shí)間段 ,since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)及 all the time, this week, all day/night, all the morning 等連用。如： I haven t been sleeping well since I return heodme. 回到家以

9、來我一直睡得不好。 We have been looking at other possibilities too, such as murder. 我們一直在調(diào)查其他的可能性，比如說謀殺。2) 表示過去開始的動(dòng)作剛結(jié)束并在某種情況下與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)聯(lián)。如： Sorry, I m late. Have you been waiting lon對g?不 起，我遲到了。你等了很久了嗎？ Yes. I ve been waiting for an hou是r.的 ，我等了一個(gè)小時(shí)了。3) 表示現(xiàn)在以前這段時(shí)期反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(強(qiáng)調(diào)次數(shù)多，動(dòng)作不一定持續(xù))。如：He has been cycling to w

10、ork for the last three weeks. 三周以來，他一直騎自行車上班。 We ve been seein gquite a lot of each other recently. 最近我們經(jīng)常見面。 Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the past week. 一周來吉姆每晚都給杰妮打電話。3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別：1) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示到現(xiàn)在為止動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成， 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果； 而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作本 身的持續(xù)性，不管動(dòng)作是否完成。如：I have read this novel. 我已讀過這本小說。 (可能

11、剛讀過，也可能是很久以前讀的)I have been reading this novel. 我一直在讀這本小說。 (不一定看完) 這種詞包括 write, build, design, repair, clean 等。2) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，詢問或說明已經(jīng)完成動(dòng)作的多少或次數(shù)，用howmany times ；而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示持續(xù)的不間斷的動(dòng)作，詢問或說明動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性 (長久)，用 how long 。如：How many times have you visited Egypt this month? 你本月訪問過埃及幾次？How long have you been rea

12、ding that book? 那本書你讀了多長時(shí)間了？3) 一些表示感情和情緒的詞， 如：like, care (=like), love, fear, hate, desire, mind, value, want, wish ；表示精神活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞， 如：agree, appreciate (=understand), believe, expect (=think), imagine, feel (=think), think, trust, forget, remember, know, mean, realize, recognize, doubt；感官動(dòng)詞，如： appear, l

13、ook, seem, see, notice, observe, sound, hear, taste；狀態(tài) 動(dòng)詞，如： have, belong, owe, own, possess, exist, last, contain, weigh, deserve 等不能用 于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。如：They ve known each other since 9170. 自從 1970 年起他們就相互認(rèn)識了。4) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中可以用像 never, yet, already 和 ever 這樣的詞，而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行 時(shí)的句子中不可以用這些詞。如：I have already

14、been to London. 我已去過倫敦。5) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的重復(fù)行動(dòng)有時(shí)可以用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示為連續(xù)的行動(dòng)。如：Ive written six letters since breakfast. 早飯后我已經(jīng)寫了六封信。Ive been writing letters since breakfast. 早飯后我一直在寫信。I have knocked five times. I don t think anybody is in. 我已敲了 5 次門。 我想屋里沒人。I have been knocking, and I don t think anybody is in. 我一直在敲

15、門。我想屋里沒人。6）在表達(dá)從過去開始現(xiàn)仍在繼續(xù)或剛剛結(jié)束的動(dòng)作時(shí)， 某些動(dòng)詞因本身就有持續(xù)性， 故 用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)（與for+時(shí)間段 ,或 since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)）均可，只是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)更強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性。 如：rain（下雨），snow（下雪），lie（躺），sit（ 坐）， stand（站），sleep（睡覺），live （居?。瑂tay（待，逗留），learn/study（學(xué)習(xí)），teach （教書），work （工作），wait（等待），expect（期待， 盼望。 等），hope（希望），want （想要）等。如：How long have you learnt/ha

16、ve you been learning English? 你學(xué)習(xí)英語多長時(shí)間了？單項(xiàng)填空 : 從 A、B、C、D 四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1. I the American TV series Prison Break these days and I can finish watching within twodays.A. have watchedB. have been watching C. watchD. am watching2. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what in science and

17、 technology. （2007 天津卷）A. had discoveredB. had been discoveredC. has discoveredD. has been discovered3. I got caught in the rain on the way home and my new suit.（ 改編自 2007 北京卷 ）A. has ruinedB. had ruinedC. has been ruinedD. had been ruined4. I have got a headache. No wonder. Youin front of that comp

18、uter too long.（2007 江西卷 ）A. workB. are workingC. have been working D. worked5. When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what . （2007 四川卷 ）A. have markedB. have been marked C. had markedD had been marked6. Danny hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular. （2007 福建卷 ）A. work

19、sB. is workingC. has workedD. worked7. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she English for a year. （2007 湖南卷 ）A. studiesB. studied C. is studying D. has been studying8. -If the traffic hadn t been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock.-What a pity

20、! Tina here to see you. （2005 湖南卷 ）A. isB. wasC. would be D. has been9. Have you got any job offers? No. I . （2008 遼寧卷 ）A. waited B. had been waiting C. have waited D. am waiting10. I like these English songs and they many times on the radio. （2008 安徽卷 ）A. taughtB. have taughtC. are taughtD. have be

21、en taught11. Do you think we should accept that offer?（ 2008 江西卷） Yes, we should, for we such bad luck up till now, and time out.A. have had; is runningB. had; is runningC. have; has been runD. have had; has been run12. -I m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.-I think so. He for it fo

22、r months. （ 2008 江蘇卷）A. is preparingB. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing13. Are you going to attend the concert tonight? Well, I d like to, but I the ticket.A. did n t getB. hadn t gotC. haven t gotD. can t get14. About 87.5% of the Chinese people feel that their living burde

23、ns are heavier than ten years ago, but their incomes .D. are increasingA. have increased B. increase C. increased15. Is the meeting held in Room 302 or 303? It should be 302. But I hear that it till tomorrow.A. was put offB. will put offC. has been put off D. put off16. How long has this bookshop be

24、en in business? 1982,A. After B. InC. From(NMET 1994 )D. Since17. -I am sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I here only a few minutes.A. have beenB. had beenC. was18. You don t need to describe her. I her several times.A. had metB. have metC. met19. - the sports meet might be put off.- Yes, i

25、t all depends on the weather.A. I ve been toldB. Ive toldC. Im told20. - my glasses?-Yes, I saw them a minute ago on your bed.A. Do you seeB. Had you seenC. Would you see(NMET 1994 )D. will be(NMET 1995 )D. meet(NMET 1995 )D. I told(NMET 1996 )D. Have you seen21. -Who is Jerry Cooper?-? I saw you sh

26、aking hands with him at the meeting.(NMET 1997)A. Don t you meet him yetB. Hadn t met him yet?C. Didn t you meet him yetD. Haven t you met him yet22. -I haven hteard from Henry for a long time.-What do you suppose to him?(1997 上海卷 )A. was happeningB. to happen23. -Oh, it s you! I you.-I ve just had

27、my hair cut and I m wearing new glasses.A. didn t recognize B. hadn t recognized24. -Hi, Tracy, you look tired.-I am tired. I the living room all day.A. paintedB. had painted25. -Hey, look where you are going!-Oh, I m terribly sorry. .A. I m not noticing B. I wasn t noticingC. has happened D. had ha

28、ppenedC. havent recognizedC. have been paintingC. I haven t noticed(1997 上海卷 ) D. don t recognize(NMET 1998) D. have painted(NMET 1999)D. I don t notice(NMET 1999) D. was going down(NMET 2000) D. haven t felt(NMET 2000 春招 ) D. have been completed26. The price , but I doubt whether it will remain so.

29、A. went downB. will go downC. has gone down27. -How are you today?-Oh, I as ill as I do now for a long time.A. didn t feelB. wasn t feelingC. dont feel28. All the preparations for the task , and we are ready to start.A. completedB. complete C. had been completed29. I wonder why Jenny to us recently.

30、 We should have heard from her by now. (NMET2002）A. hasn t writtenB. doesnt write.C. wont writeD. hadn t written30. John and I friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party.But we each other a couple of times before that.（ 2002 春招 ）A. had been; have seenB. have been;

31、have seenC. had been; had seenD. have been; had seen31. All morning as she waited for the medical report from the doctor, her nervousness .（NMET 2003）A. has grownB. is growing C. grew D. had grown32. Millions of poundsworth of damage by a storm which swept across the north ofEngland last night. （200

32、5 重慶卷 ） A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be causedD. will have been caused33. Customers are asked to make sure that they the right change before leaving the shop.（2006 重慶卷 ）A. will giveB. have been given C. have givenD. will be given34. I in London for many years, but I ve never regrett

33、ed my final decision to move backto China. （2006 重慶卷 ）A. livedB. was livingC. have lived D. had lived35. Although medical science control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us isthat some of them are returning.（2006 江蘇卷 ）A. achievedB. has achievedC. will achieve D. had achieved36. My cous

34、in went to Canada two years ago. He there for a few months and then wentto America.A. worked（2006 江西卷 ）B. would workC. would be working D. has been working37. I won t tell the student the answer to the maths problem until he on it for more thanan hour. （2006 湖北卷 ）A. has been workingB. will have work

35、edC. will have been working D. had worked38. It is said that the early European playing cards for entertainment and education.（2006 遼寧卷 ）B. have designedD. were designedA. were being designedC. have been designed39. -Have you seen the movie “Speed”?-Yes, I it when I was at college.A. sawB. have seenC. would seeD. had seen40. My father too much recently. He should smoke less for the benefit of his health.A. was smokingB. would smokeC. has been smoking D. had smoked41. The old couple have been married for 40 y