高考英語虛擬語氣講解和練習(xí)(共11頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上龍文教育學(xué)科導(dǎo)學(xué)案教師: 學(xué)生: 日期: 星期: 時(shí)段: 課 題虛擬語氣學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)熟練掌握各種從句中的虛擬語氣學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)各種時(shí)態(tài)的虛擬情況學(xué)習(xí)方法講解和練習(xí)學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容與過程One''s real value first lies in to what degree and what sense he set himself.       一個人的真正價(jià)值首先決定于他在什么程度上和在什么意義上從自我解放出來。1. 條件句中虛擬語氣的形式從句中提出一種與客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)不相符或根本不可能存在的條件，主句會產(chǎn)生的

2、一種不可能獲得的結(jié)果。條件句中的虛擬語氣根據(jù)不同的時(shí)間有三種不同的形式。時(shí)間 從句謂語形式 主句謂語形式 將來動詞過去式(be用were)should + 動詞原形were to + 動詞原形 would / should / might / could + 動詞原形現(xiàn)在動詞過去式(be 用 were)would / should / might / could + 動詞原形過去had +動詞過去分詞would / should / might / could have + 動詞過去分詞2. 條件中的虛擬語氣的舉例(1) 將來時(shí)的條件句中的虛擬語氣。如：If he shou

3、ld go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清華大學(xué)的話，他就會充分利用他的時(shí)間了。If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要來的話，他會通知我們一聲。(2) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)的條件句中的虛擬語氣。如：If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的話，它會幫助我們的。If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)的話，它會

4、對你很熟悉。(3) 過去時(shí)的條件句中的虛擬語氣。如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看過這場電影，我會把電影內(nèi)容告訴你了。If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早點(diǎn)到那兒，我就會會到了李先生。3. 運(yùn)用條件句中的虛擬語氣時(shí)，須注意的幾個問題(1) 當(dāng)從句的主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動詞若是系動詞be時(shí)，可用was代替were。但在倒裝虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)及if I were you, as it were中，只能用were。如：Were I ten

5、 years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我還年輕十歲的話，我會去國外學(xué)習(xí)。If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的話，我要盡力抓住這次機(jī)會。(2) 有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句的動作若不是同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，須區(qū)別對待。從句的動作與過去事實(shí)相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事實(shí)不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)刻苦的話，我現(xiàn)在也會使工程師了If they had

6、 informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他們通知過我們的話，我們現(xiàn)在就不會來這里了。從句的動作與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，而主句的動作與過去事實(shí)不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的話，我們會已經(jīng)派他去北京了(from )。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他認(rèn)識她的話，他肯定會去問候她了。從句的動作與過去發(fā)生的情況相反，而主句的動作與現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的情況相反。如：If it had not been

7、raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的話，莊家會長得更好。If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的話，他現(xiàn)在已進(jìn)了辦公室了。(3) 當(dāng)虛擬條件句的謂語動詞含有were, should, had時(shí)，if可省略，而將were, should, had等詞置于句首。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答應(yīng)去的

8、話，我們就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在這兒的話，她會同意我們的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些電腦知識的話，我們會已經(jīng)聘用他來這里工作了(from )。(4) 有時(shí)，句子沒有直接給出假設(shè)情況的條件，而須通過上下文或其他方式來判斷。如：I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本該來看你了，然而我太忙了。But for his help, we wou

9、ld be working now. 要不是他的幫助，我們還會在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是沒有你的指導(dǎo)，我不會取得如此大的進(jìn)步。(5) 有時(shí)，虛擬條件句中，主、從句可以省略其中的一個，來表示說話人的一種強(qiáng)烈的感情。省略從句He would have finished it. 他本該完成了。You could have passed this exam. 你應(yīng)該會通過這次考試了。省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我現(xiàn)在在家里該多好啊。If only

10、I had got it. 要是我得到它了該多好啊。 二、其他狀語從句的虛擬語氣1. 目的狀語從句中的虛擬語氣(1) 在for fear that, in case, lest引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，若用虛擬語氣時(shí)，從句謂語為： should + 動詞原形。并且 should不能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把門檢查了一遍，以防盜賊的進(jìn)入。He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出發(fā)了以防遲到。(2) 在so tha

11、t, in order that所引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句中，從句中的謂語為： can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 動詞原形。如(from )：He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近說話的人以便能挺得更清楚。He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信讀得很仔細(xì)以便不漏掉一個單詞。2. 讓步狀語從句中的虛擬語氣(1) 在even if, e

12、ven though 所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，可用虛擬語氣，主句、從句的結(jié)構(gòu)與if所引導(dǎo)的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)相同。如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即是他親自來也不知該怎么辦。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 及時(shí)華佗再世也就不了他。(2) 在whatever， whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣

13、結(jié)構(gòu)為： may +動詞原形(指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。如：We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管發(fā)生什么事，我們都要按時(shí)完成。We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 無論他在哪里，我們都要找到他。I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他來的多么晚，我都會等他。 may +完成式(指過去) ，主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限。如：You mustnt be proud whatever / n

14、o matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的進(jìn)步，你也不能驕傲(from )。We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他翻過什么錯誤，我們必須尊敬他。(3) 在though, although等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，從句虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)為 should +動詞原形，主句結(jié)構(gòu)不限。如：Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 盡管他經(jīng)

15、常遲到，他還是個好學(xué)生。Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 盡管他是書記，他也必須遵守規(guī)定。3. 方式狀語從句中的虛擬語氣as if, as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句常用虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生在主句動作之前had + 過去分詞與主句動作同時(shí)發(fā)生過去時(shí)(be 用were )發(fā)生在主句動作之后would / could / might / should+原形動詞例如：They began to talk warmly as if they had known

16、each other for long. 他們開始熱烈的談?wù)撈饋砭秃孟袼麄円严嗷フJ(rèn)識很久了。He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽兩聲就好像有人要來了。4. 原因狀語從句中的虛擬語氣amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset等后面的狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為： should + 原形動詞(指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?。如：He was angry that you

17、should call him by name. 他很生氣，你竟然對他直呼其名。I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很驚訝他竟答不出如此簡單的問題。 should + 完成式, 指過去。如：Im very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遺憾，你這次考試竟然失敗了。I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很吃驚，父親竟指導(dǎo)我昨天所作

18、的事情(from )。三、賓語從句中的虛擬語氣1英語中，如：advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(堅(jiān)決要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建議) 表示請求、要求、命令或建議等意義的動詞所接的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣，起虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：(should) + 原形動詞。如：但是，當(dāng)insist的意思為：堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說；suggest的意思為：表明，暗含，暗示等時(shí)，賓語從句一般不用虛擬語氣。如：Tom insisted that he hadnt stolen the watch. 湯姆堅(jiān)持說他沒有偷那塊手

19、表。His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑表明他在考試中成功了。2. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine等動詞的否定句或疑問句中的賓語從句常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為： should + 原形動詞。如：Can you believe that he should kill a tiger? 你能相信他竟殺死了一只老虎？Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump conte

20、st? 你能想象得到他在跳遠(yuǎn)比賽中竟獲得了第一名？3. 英語中，wish之后的賓語從句，表示一種沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)或根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為(from )：表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生在主句動作之前(1)had + 過去分詞；(2)would / could / might / should + have + 過去分詞與主句動作同時(shí)發(fā)生過去時(shí)(be 用were )發(fā)生在主句動作之后would / could / might / should + 原形動詞例如：I wish I learnt English well. 我希望我已學(xué)好了英語。I wish I had be

21、en there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他們一起在那兒。He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我們能去跟他做游戲。4. 英語中，would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的賓語從句常表示與客觀事實(shí)不相符的一種愿望，故使用虛擬語氣。起虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：表示所發(fā)生的時(shí)間虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)過去had + 過去分詞； 現(xiàn)在過去時(shí)(be 用were ) 將來過去時(shí)(be 用were ) 例如：Id rather you had seen the film yesterday.

22、我倒想你昨天看過了這場電影。Id rather you were here now. 我倒想你現(xiàn)在在這兒。Wed rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那兒。六、定語從句中的虛擬語氣英語中，表示：“早該做某事了”時(shí)，定語從句中的謂語動詞須用虛擬語氣，其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：It is (high / about) time that + 主語+ 動詞的過去式/ should + 動詞原形。如：It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我該去學(xué)校接我的女兒了。It is high time

23、 you should go to work. 你早該上班了。七. 簡單句中的虛擬語氣1. 表示“祝愿”時(shí)，常用“may + 主語 + 動詞原形 + 其他”。如：May you have a good journey! 祝你一路順風(fēng)。May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永駐。2. 表示強(qiáng)烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”時(shí)，常用動詞原形。如：Long live the Communist Party of China. 中國共產(chǎn)黨萬歲。God bless us. 上帝保佑。 (5) 表示對過去情況的責(zé)備時(shí)，常用虛擬語氣。其虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)為：“情態(tài)動詞 + have + 過去

24、分詞”。You should have got here earlier. 你應(yīng)該早就到這里了。You should have returned it to him. 你應(yīng)該把他還給他了。專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier.  A. will be B. would have been  C. could have been  D. would be  2. If she had worked harder, she _. 

25、  A. would succeed   B. had succeeded   C. should succeed  D. would have succeeded  3. If he _, he _ that food.   Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not take  B. had been warned; would not have taken  

26、  C. would be warned; had not taken    D. would have been warned; had not taken  4. If he _ me his telephone number yesterday, I _ able to ring him up now.   A. told; would be  B. had told; would be  C. had told; would have been   D. t

27、old; am  5. If I _ you, I _ to Australia with Mr. Smith.A. had been; would go  B. were; had gone  C. were; would have gone  D. am; will go  6. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today.    A. is   B. will be   C. would ha

28、ve been   D. would be  7. Our monitor was absent. Otherwise I _ the chair.A. would not take   B. didn't take   C. hadn't taken    D. wouldn't have taken  8. The experiment has failed!   I suggest that you _ again.  

29、60; A. try     B. trying   C. will try   D. would try  9. His silence at the meeting suggested that he _ to your plan.A. didn't agree  B. hadn't agreed   C. wouldn't agree    D. not agree10. The father insist

30、ed his daughter _ a rich man.    A. would be engaged to  B. be engaged to  C. should engage to  D. must be engaged to11. She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him, but he didn't believe.     A. hadn't spoken   B. shouldn't s

31、peak    C. wouldn't speak   D. not speak12. I stayed at a hotel while in New York.   Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara.    A. could have stayed  B. could stay   C. would stay   D. must have stayed13. I was really anxious ab

32、out you. You _ home without a word.A. mustn't leave  B. shouldn't have left   C. couldn't have left  D. needn't leave14. There was plenty of time. She _.A. mustn't have hurried  B. needn't have hurried  C. must not hurry  D. couldn't have hur

33、ried15. I wish I _ you yesterday.   A. seen   B. did see     C. had seen     D. were to see16. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going.   A. had been; would have prevented  B. had been; would prev

34、ent   C. were; would prevent         D. were; would have prevented17. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy.   A. might have given  B. might give   C. may have given     D. may give18. If it _ f

35、or the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday.A. were not; could have climbed      B. were not; could climbC. had not been; could have climbed     D. had not been; could climb   19. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I _ for her.A. had t

36、o write it out          B. must have written it outC. should have written it out    D. ought to write it out20. I didn't see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.   A. has come  &#

37、160; B. did come    C. came  D. had come21. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.   A. breaks  B. has broken C. were broken   D. had been broken22. You didn't let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired.A. drove; did

38、n't get            B. drove; wouldn't getC. were driving; wouldn't get     D. had driven; wouldn't have got23. She couldn't have answered the question if she _ a few books on world history.A. hadn't re

39、ad  B. hasn't read  C. wouldn't read   D. didn't read24. If it _ so hard, we'd go to town.A. isn't raining  B. weren't raining  C. doesn't rain    D. has rained25. Our former math teacher died of cancer last term, otherwise he

40、_.    A. will still work        B. should still work C. would still have worked      D. would still be working26. The soldier died in the hospital. He _ if the doctor _ on him two hours earlier.A. might be saved; operate

41、d            B. could be saved; had operatedC. could have been saved; had operated     D. had been saved; was operated27. It's time that you _ home and I'd rather you _ again tomorrow.  A. are going; will come  B

42、. go; are coming   C. went; came   D. would go; would come28. I _ you a more valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money at that time. A. would buy   B. had bought  C. would have bought   D. must have bought29. I went to the meeting

43、yesterday because I _ nothing about the discussion without attending it.  A. didn't know  B. would know    C. knew    D. would have known30. It was required that each student _ enough food for the public. A. bring   B. brought 

44、;   C. would bring   D. had brought  31. He didn't come yesterday, or you _ him. A. would see  B. were to see    C. might have seen   D. had seen32. It was suggested yesterday that a meeting _ to discuss the matter.  A. w

45、ill be held    B. would be held   C. should hold    D. be held33. It's strange that he _ without saying good-bye to us.   A. should have gone out    B. went  C. should go out     D. goes out34. Nothing

46、 could have saved him even if he _ without delay.   A. would be tended  B. was tended  C. has been tended   D. had ben tended35. The manager was angry and ordered that this work _ tomorrow.    A. be finished    B. finish   C. was

47、finished    D. would finish36. He is talking so much about Britain as if he _ there.   A. had been   B. has been     C. was       D. had gone37. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free.A. did;

48、 set  B. had done; should be set   C. do; be set  D. had done; must be set38. My suggestion was that the meeting _ off till next week.    A. to put   B. be put    C. should put   D. would be put39. Had you listened to the doctor,

49、you _ all right now.A. are    B. were   C. would be    D. would have been40. It is requested that Li Ming _ at the class meeting on behalf of us.   A. will speak  B. speaks   C. would speak   D. speak41. I didn'

50、t catch the first train this morning.   You _ the first train if you _ earlier.      A. would catch; had got up        B. could catch; should get up C. would have caught; had got up   D. would catch; got up42. You _ earlier. The bus left a moment ago.A. would come   B. should have come   C. must come  D. could have come43. Without your help, we _ this task.&#